...Indigenous Theater The Rituals The native Filipino beliefs are central to gods and deities, who controls forces of nature, the passages of all living things and the vital activities of the tribe. And to communicate to gods special mediums are to be used. The babaylans, tambalan, albularyo are these medium. There are many rituals but the ritual which is drama is where the shaman goes into a trance and kills the sacrificial animal common to these rituals which represent as the supplicant or humble petitioner to the gods to provide for the people. Throughout centuries rituals are known as – pag-aanito, anituan, anito-baylan, bunong, pagdidiwata and a host of other indigenous lexis. Rituals are used for variety of reasons. To cure sickness, for a bountiful harvest, rites of passage, marriage and a host of other reasons, all involve carrying out sacrifices, chants, prayers, offerings that aims to appease, please the higher being. If these rituals do not get the sick cured, they do not deserve to get well. The Aeta of Florida Blanca has a ritual where a shaman dances to “scare” away sickness. The sick sit on the grounds in rows covered in red cloth as the gitada (guitar) plays and the manganito (priest) dance frighten the sickness causing spirits away with bolos or offers them food in banana leaf to leave the infirm. Towards the end of the dance, the long red cloth is pulled symbolizing the “departure” of the spirit. Rituals connected to harvest usually involve killing...
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...Introduction to Masterpieces of the Drama (by Alexander W. Allison, Arthur J. Carr and Arthur M. Eastman) 1. “The implications of such natural playacting are vast, for good and for ill – for good, because individual and social happiness depends on right acting; for ill, because misrepresentations, deceit, mischief, and falsehood can also be learned by imitation.” "Much of what we know we learn by imitation, by acting parts, by practicing what we shall say or do." Language, for example, is taught by making the learner repeat what has been said. Filipino children exposed to English cartoon shows tend to become fluent in the language used. Those who are exposed to violent shows like wrestling become aggressive, as a result of idolizing the characters involved. People tend to "copy" what they observe in their environment. What makes drama vast is the fact that "the essentials of drama not only inhere in social experience; in basic ways they determine it." Materials of drama were used, including music, dancing, and the reenactment of important deeds and occasions. There are five epochs in which drama flourished, namely The Greek Classics, The Middle Ages, The Elizabethan Drama, The Neo-Classical French Drama and The Modern Drama. Looking back at the history of drama, it can be seen that each of these epochs has its own contributions to the modern drama. The Greek Classics was the epoch in which drama has begun. The most influential playwrights were Aeschylus, Euripides...
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...PHILIPPINE THEATER Theater in the Philippines is as varied as the cultural traditions and the historical influences that shaped it through the centuries. The dramatic forms that flourished and continue to flourish among the different peoples of the archipelago include: the indigenous theater, mainly Malay in character, which is seen in rituals, mimetic dances, and mimetic customs; the plays with Spanish influence, among which are the komedya, the sinakulo, the playlets, the sarswela, and the drama; and the theater with Anglo-American influence, which encompasses bodabil and the plays in English, and the modern or original plays by Fihpinos, which employ representational and presentational styles drawn from contemporary modern theater, or revitalize traditional forms from within or outside the country. The Indigenous Theater The rituals, dances, and customs which are still performed with urgency and vitality by the different cultural communities that comprise about five percent of the country’s population are held or performed, together or separately, on the occasions of a person’s birth, baptism, circumcision, initial menstruation, courtship, wedding, sickness, and death; or for the celebration of tribal activities, like hunting, fishing, rice planting and harvesting, and going to war. In most rituals, a native priest/priestess, variously called mandadawak, catalonan, bayok, or babalyan, goes into a trance as the spirit he/she is calling upon possesses him/her. While entranced...
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...SIGURO YUNG KAY JUDIE NALANG MUNA. DI PA KUMPLETO MGA SOT. WALA PA RIN NAMAN NAGPAPASA SA KANILA MALIBAN KILA JAY-ANNE. DI KO RIN SURE KUNG MAY KAILANGAN PA AKONG IDAGDAG. ITO NALANG MUNA SIGURO. AKO PRODUCER. IKAW EDITOR. SI EHVER ASSISTANT EDITOR. SCRIPTWRITER SI KAS AT AKO. SI JUDIE REPORTER. PAG MAY TANONG AT KELANGANG TULONG, YUNG MGA YAN ANG MAIN. YUNG IBA, RESEARCHERS. DUN SA SHORT DRAMA PART, PAG DI KAYA, DI KO PA SURE KUNG PWEDE HUMANAP SA NET NG PWEDENG EXAMPLE. PERO TRY NADIN. AAH, YUNG LAST NA PART PA-TULA YUN. NAURONG NA DIN YUNG DEADLINE SA JULY 25. THANKS. BIRHEN SA BASAHAN (ALINGAWNGAW NG SIGAW NG BATANG PROSTI) 7/7/11 TRT: REPORTER: JUDIE ANNA URAYAN DOKYUBOX SOT: RANDOM CHILDREN IN: Gusto ko po maging doctor. OUT: IN: Gusto ko po maging astronaut. OUT: IN: Ahhh. Gusto ko Superman. OUT: IN: Ang gusto ko paglaki, ah, ibibili ako ni Papa ng laptop na Barbie yung kulay pink. OUT: MSC: FADE UP, SUSTAIN FOR 3 SECONDS THEN FADE UNDER ANNCR: MGA ANGHEL NA HULOG NG LANGIT. PUNO NG PANGARAP, KALINGA’T PAG-ASA SA KANILANG MGA TINIG. PARA SA KANILA, ANG PAGLALARO AY TILA KATUMBAS NA RIN NG KANILANG BUHAY. ANG KANILANG MGA NAKAKAHAWANG NGITI, MGA MASASAYAHING TINIG, ITO AY SADYANG ISANG BIYAYA KUNG MAITUTURING. SILA AY MGA BATANG MUSMOS NA SA AGOS NG BUHAY AY PILIT SUMASABAY. SOT: RANDOM CHILDREN IN: Gusto ko pong maging mabait. OUT: IN: Gusto k-k….o… p-p…o… OUT: MSC: SEGUE TO UGOY NG DUYAN, SUSTAIN FOR 5 SECONDS...
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...A6-A Sabotaging Encounter Commentary Our group began the production, Dry Heave, by organizing each member’s role and identifying their involvement in each stage of the film. I chose director, in which my role was to oversee the film's artistic and dramatic aspects, while guiding the rest of the crew and actors. We did not have a scriptwriter, so I worked with the cinematographer and editor to create a realistic story, in terms of our equipment and cast. Being that our genre topic was Drama, we had a vision of it involving “high school drama.” We came up with the idea of two boys fighting over one girl, but we struggled in giving the film a meaningful ending. This is where the script supervisor and I came up with idea that the girl would be intentionally killed by one of the boys in revenge of her acting interested in both boys. I knew that we had to emphasis drama through facial expressions and body language, so I made sure to communicate with the cinematographer that in conversational shots we had to go CU or even ECU. Additionally, I collaborated with the set designer and cinematographer to construct a realistic high school environment. We agreed that we should utilize our schools locker area, workout facility, and parking lot to portray high school in a true sense. Once we moved into the production stage of the film, we found that construction noises were inhibiting the quality and consistency in the sound of the film. However, I suggested that we turn off the...
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...to really analyze and dig deeper into this story. People seem to take reading this story into a whole different perspective. Even though the story may show different negative sides to humans you have to really understand the story to say this. Shakespeare is a very influential poet he persuades and explains to the readers a lot of different things in his poems and short stories. Shakespeare is basically in this story telling humans to be aware of their surroundings because you never know when something my go bad. While on the other hand Macbeth’s themes and other literary elements usually talks about the disaster of something or just tragedy. In my opinion, his whole story would be considered as a tragedy. In this play it shows a lot of drama and gives off a fiery but attractive tome that draws the reader into the theme in the play. Shakespeare’s is known as the encyclopedia of humanities as they examine the most realistic and controversial issues of human nature. Shakespeare’s describes Macbeth’s inhumanity and human nature, which continually struggles against the evils in his soul. “To be or not to be” is about the choices we make in our everyday lives. I think Macbeth sometimes shows the negative side of the human nature. This play shows the character of people. A poet once said, “Macbeth is an example of how power destroys personality and ruins one’s life, where the pursuit of absolute power of King Macbeth ends with establishment of justice and his death.” In this play...
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...Comparing Oedipus and Othello When comparing and contrasting the character's Oedipus and Othello by means Of the different theatrical practices, one must take in account that there have been Many interpretations, and productions of each of their respected plays. The differing Presentations of each may lead someone to think differently about the play than Another would. In comparing and contrasting the dramatic representation of the Protagonists Oedipus and Othello, theatrical presentation, costume design, and Character will lead the reader, and viewer, to have a greater insight into the theatrical Practices of their times and their approaches to the issue of verisimilitude. The theatrical presentation of both plays are very similar. The two plays would Both be presented on a thrust stage, which is a platform surrounded on three sides by The audience. Except for the backdrop which would have some element of scenery, The stage itself would be bare apart from a few scenic elements and props. Othello, Like most of Shakespeare's plays, had what is called an abstract setting. That is a Setting in which the locale may change rapidly, it may not be indicated by the script That it has changed, and was most likely suggested by a few props. Abstract settings Place more emphasis on the language and the performer, which causes the spectator To use their imagination. It also places more emphasis on costuming. This type of 6 6 Setting helped set up the style of representational...
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...D. and the beginning of the Renaissance in approximately the 15th century A.D. Medieval theatre covers all drama produced in Europe over that thousand year period and refers to a variety of genres, including liturgical drama, mystery plays, morality plays, farces and masques. A theatrical performance in the Middle Ages was much more than just an example of a literary genre; it was often a social, religious, and commercial event affecting a whole community and involving not only the spoken word, but also spectacle, music, and even dance. 2. HIGH AND LATE MEDIEVAL THEATRE As the Viking invasions ceased in the middle of the 11th century A.D., liturgical drama had spread from Russia to Scandinavia to Italy. Only in Muslim-occupied Spain were liturgical dramas not presented at all. Despite the large number of liturgical dramas that have survived from the period, many churches would have only performed one or two per year and a larger number never performed any at all. The Feast of Fools was especially important in the development of comedy. The festival inverted the status of the lesser clergy and allowed them to ridicule their superiors and the routine of church life. Sometimes plays were staged as part of the occasion and a certain amount of burlesque and comedy crept into these performances. Although comic episodes had to truly wait until the separation of drama from the liturgy, the Feast of Fools undoubtedly had a profound effect on the development of comedy in both...
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...To All Who Have Ears, Look! To All Who Have Ears, Look! Many couples want to show their love to the other. By ways by which the other might not understand, love is shown. The challenge to having a successful relationship is being able to interpret one’s love and how they show it. In a short play called I’m Going! A Comedy in One Act Tristan Bernard enlightens the audience on the struggle between couples who have not yet mastered the art of communication. He sets the stage in a couple’s apartment where a discussion regarding going to the races ensues. Bernard masterfully pits the two against each other. Why do these two people who are in love with each other seem to be making the other miserable? This very argument has taken place in my home between my husband and me. The appeal was the familiarity of the situation. This literary work is a typical farce or “a short play, in which both subtle humor and hilarity are developed through improbable situations, exaggeration and (often) ridiculous antics” (Clugston, 2010). Bernard exaggerates the argument beyond what might be probable in reality. As Jeanne and Henri seem to argue in a circular way, coming back to the same argument after it seems they have moved on to a conclusion, the humor is evident. The tone is one of frustration as felt by the reader. Anyone who has ever been in a relationship understands how frustrating it is to try to get your partner to see your side of the argument. As any...
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...NAME: EMMANUEL ALICE LAMBAJO COURSE: STUDIES IN DRAMA QUESTION: ATTEMPT A DRAMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE PLAY ANTIGONE BY JEAN ANOUILH Dramatic analysis is the process of identifying the elements of the structure of a dramatic work such as a play, or film. There are six elements used when analyzing a drama which includes: exposition, inciting incidence, rising action, climax, falling action and the resolution. The exposition provides the background information needed to properly understand the story, such as the problem in the beginning of the story. It introduces the characters and the basic conflict in a play. Inciting incidence is an incidence which comes after the introduction of the characters and the basic conflicts. The rising action is when the basic internal conflict is complicated being the introduction of related secondary conflicts including various obstacles that frustrate the protagonist attempt to reach his goal. Climax, also referred to as turning point marks a change for the better or the worse in the protagonist affairs. Falling action therefore, is a moment of reversal after the climax. The conflict between the protagonists unravels with the protagonist winning or losing against the antagonist. Denouement, resolution or catastrophe comprises the event between the falling action and the actual ending scene of the drama. It serves as a conclusion of the story where the conflicts are resolved. Jean Anouilh’s Antigone is an adaptation of Sophocles’...
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...AP English Literature and Composition 2012 Summer Reading Assignment I. DRAMA Oedipus Rex by Sophocles We are not requiring any particular edition of the play; however, we would highly recommend a version which includes supplemental materials/explanations of Greek drama and Greek mythology. Purchase, read, and annotate the play prior to the first day of class. It would be wise to focus your annotation on instances of dramatic irony, images of vision and blindness, and tension between fate and free will. The following literary analysis assignment will be collected during the second week of school. LITERARY ANALYSIS OF DRAMA In a typed, one-page essay, offer your assessment of Oedipus at the end of the play. Was he foolish? Heroic? Fated? Support with textual evidence as appropriate and follow MLA format. II. READING FOR PLEASURE Read a book—fiction or non-fiction—strictly for pleasure. Strong readers and writers have a wealth of textual experiences and a vast amount of background knowledge from which to draw. The most important aspect of this assignment is that you select a work you will enjoy reading. During the first week of class, you will conduct a book talk over your selected work in which you will “sell” the experience of reading your book to your peers, so pick something good! Some suggestions for selecting your “reading for pleasure” book include, but are not limited to: * Classic works of literature from an era, author, or genre you...
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...Types of Drama Tragedy- a play written in a serious, sometimes impressive or elevated style, in which things go wrong and cannot be set right except at great cost or sacrifice. Aristotle said that tragedy should purge our emotions by evoking pity and fear (or compassion and awe) in us, the spectators. The tragic pattern: 1. a theme of fatal passion (excluding love) as a primary motive 2. an outstanding personality as center of conflict (classical tragedy demanded a “noble” character) 3. a vital weakness within the hero’s character (his tragic flaw which precipitates the tragedy) 4. the conflict within the hero is the source of tragedy. However, since Nietzsche, the tragic flaw is often found to be in the universe itself, or in man’s relationship to it, rather than in the hero himself. Comedy- a play written in a kindly or humorous, perhaps bitter or satiric vein, in which the problems or difficulties of the characters are resolved satisfactorily, if not for all characters, at least from the point of view of the audience. Low characters as opposed to noble; characters not always changed by the action of the play; based upon observation of life. Comedy and tragedy are concerned more with character, whereas farce and melodrama are concerned more with plot. Melodrama- a play in which the characters are types rather than individuals, the story and situations exaggerated to the point of improbability or sensationalism and...
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...Thesis: In the poem “The Lamb” by William Blake is a lyric poem in which the author marvels at the love, wonder and innocents of a child as the child in turns marvels at the love of a creator and all that the creator has created. 1. Intro a. Thesis b. Curiosity of a child 1. Lyric Poem a. Expresses personal or emotional feelings b. Traditionally in the present tense c. Have a specific rhyming scheme 2. A creator’s love for all that he has created a. Invites the lamb to eat in the valley b. A life blessed with out worries c. Bright soft wooly clothing 3. Innocents of a child a. Amazement at the lamb itself b. He calls Himself a lamb c. He became a child d. Comparison of the child’s personality traits to those of a lamb and those of their creator 4. Setting a. Peaceful meadow b. A quiet resting place c. Soothing tones throughout the poem 5. Conclusion a. Little lamb God bless you Running Head: Poetry Thesis 1 Poetry Thesis Engl 102: Literature and Composition Summer D 2013 Regina M. Carroll ID#24487654 APA Format ...
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...sus primeros gritos. En 1625 se alistó bajo las banderas de duque de Alba, y estuvo en Flandes e Italia, país el primero en que debió serle grata la estancia, pues muchísimos son los personajes flamencos de sus dramas: o acaso porque la nobleza de su madre, doña María Ana Henao, era de origen flamenco. Su padre, que era ministro de hacienda de los dos Felipes, II y III, le puso a los nueve años en el colegio de los jesuitas, y luego pasó a Salamanca, donde brilló en el estudio de las matemáticas y la filosofía. A los 13 años estrenó su primera comedia, El Carro del Cielo, fantasía que se desarrolla entre el cielo y la tierra, y a los diez y nueve contaba ya tres o cuatro éxitos teatrales. Es el primer dramaturgo del teatro español, el que ha hecho obras de más trascendencia y mayor alcance. Por otra parte, sus sonetos con tendencia filosófica, pero muy poéticos, son harto famosos. LOPE DE VEGA (1562-1635) Lope Félix de Vega Carpio nació en Madrid, de padres humildes. Su padre fue bordador Félix de Vega. Estudi ó en Madrid y en Alcalá. Siguió una vida llena de aventuras amorosas, pues estuvo casado varias veces y tuvo varias amantes. Fue soldado, secretario de varios diplomáticos y, finalmente, sacerdote. Escribió en todos los géneros literarios: novelas, dramas y poesía, tanto lírica como dramática. De corte tradicional, arte menor, y al estilo italianizante renacentista. Se le conoce sobre todo por su...
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...THE VISION & MISSION: The vision is to establish a “world class-nucleating centre of achievement.” UITS offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in liberal arts, law, business and ICT with the aim of meeting the national and international market demands. The Mission of the university is to achieve the redefined goals of higher education and sustainable economic growth of the country through a tripartite relationship between itself, industries and reputed universities and institutions at home and abroad. PROGRAM OBJECTIVES: ❑ To reinforce the skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing; ❑ To develop the skills of students in the use of idiomatic English and the capability of expressing ideas and thoughts in English; ❑ To develop and reinforce communicative interaction; ❑ To introduce the understanding of western philosophy and ideas and their influence on literature; ❑ To introduce classical literature, the Greek myths, the Bible and other writings which have influenced English literary works; ❑ To introduce and refine the understanding of American literature with emphasis on some selected literary works; ❑ To increase the appreciation of Bangla literature and culture among students and to develop their ability to relate experiences from English and American literature to Bangla literary works; ❑ To deepen students’ awareness of the universal concerns that are the basis of literary works; ❑ To stimulate a greater appreciation of language as...
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