...Ch. 5 Summary 5.1: Producers use photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy, which is then stored and used to assemble energy rich organic molecules that are used by producers and consumers. Photosynthesis has two stages, the light dependent reactions and the light independent reactions (the calvin cycle). Light dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts. Energy captured during these reactions is used to synthesize ATP and NADPH. The calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplasts. it uses NADPH and ATP to convert CO2 into simple carbohydrates. Chlorophylls, carotenoids, and other pigments absorb light energy during photosynthesis. Different pigments absorb light of different wavelengths, as shown by their absorption spectra. Light that is not absorbed is reflected. This reflected light gives pigments their colour. The action spectrum of photosynthesis in green plants is the highest in the red and blue regions of the spectrum. Pigments, including chlorophylls and carotenoids, are organized into two types of photosystems: photosystem 1 and photosystem 2. Each photosystem contains a reaction centre surrounded by an antenna complex that helps capture photons of light energy and energize electrons. 5.2: In the light dependent reactions, photosystem 2 absorbs light energy that oxidizes the reaction centre chlorophyll p680, producing the powerful oxidant p680+. this molecule...
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...The Importance of Photosynthesis and Respiration Explain how photosynthesis and respiration are linked in order to provide you with energy from the food you eat: Photosynthesis is the process in which certain life forms are able to use sunlight to create energy. This energy is created by making carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll. Plants release large amounts of oxygen into the atmosphere as they produce much more than needed during the photosynthesis process. Aerobic respiration is an important process in life as we know it. This process further breaks down molecules and sugars using oxygen. During this process adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is created, used to store and transfer energy to cells throughout the body. (Aerobic respiration, 2010) Photosynthesis and aerobic respiration are both needed for each other to be able to perform their primary functions. One without the other would not work properly. Between both of these processes we receive three main sources; water, carbon dioxide and oxygen. Plants and animals require all three of these in order to live. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are a lot like a circle. Animals need oxygen to live and emit carbon dioxide, while plants need carbon dioxide to produce carbohydrates and omit oxygen, thus completing the circle. (Photosynthesis, 2005) During the photosynthesis stage a plant produces oxygen that aerobic respiration will use in order to break molecules, during this process electrons...
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...Photosynthesis and Respiration and the Links Shawna Smith November 24, 2013 IP2-SCIE206-Biology Photosynthesis and Respiration and the Links The sun plays a vital role in the survival of life on our planet. We all use its light for many reasons. We use it to create energy for some of our basic needs. There are other ways to create energy for some of our daily life, and other living things can create energy by no light source. The energy is produced by photosynthesis and respiration. This helps the cells in every living organism. Photosynthesis is one of the ways that energy is produced. Photosynthesis is only preformed by plants because they contain chlorophyll. “Photosynthesis is the process by which plant cells capture and process the sun’s energy to make this energy available to all living things” (Educational Board [EB], 2012). Photosynthesis happens when the sunlight is captured by the chlorophyll, carbon dioxide enters through the stomata and water enters through the roots. Photosynthesis produces glucose and water. The carbon dioxide is produced by animals which breathe it out and the glucose, which is sugar, is produced by the process of photosynthesis. This production is helpful to both the plants and animals. The oxygen produced as a by-product is used by the animals and humans. The bi-product produced by the animals and humans is used by the plants. They benefit both and help each of them survive. “Photosynthesis occurs in two stages are called the light...
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...Biology SCIE206-1401B-08 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration make one large cycle that sustains life on earth. Through photosynthesis the suns energy is constantly being transformed into glucose, which is a chemical energy. Respiration is the chemical activity that occurs in all plants and animal cells that release the energy from the glucose. Photosynthesis cannot exist with cellular respiration, they are completely linked together in providing the energy through the food we eat. Cloud, D (2012). Photosynthesis and cellular respiration have an inverse relationship, they are opposite of each other. Photosynthesis is the process by which carbon dioxide is converted into compounds from the sunlight. The most frequent compound being glucose (sugar). Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria. Editorial Board (2014). Cellular respiration, in contrast takes the glucose (sugar) and other compounds oxidizing them to created carbon dioxide. Each cycle depends on the other in order for the completion to take place. The complete cycle ensures that life continues to exist, both being necessary for living organisms. Cloud, D. (2012). Photosynthesis is a natural process that provides all aerobic creatures on eth with oxygen. Without photosynthesis, humans would not be able to exist. Photosynthesis maintains the natural amount of oxygen in the air. It provides oxygen for life and the process of cellular respirations. Photosynthesis releases oxygen as a byproduct...
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...206 Energy, Metabolism, and Cells – Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration John Carter August 11, 2013 1. Explain how photosynthesis and respiration are linked in order to provide you with energy from the food you eat. Photosynthesis can be defined as the process that living organisms such as plants use to translate the sun’s energy into chemical energy. Once the plant has translated the sun’s energy into chemical energy it then releases that energy and makes it readily available to other living things (Vermaas, 2007). Aerobic respiration can be defined as nutrients being converted into useful energy. Respiration allows cells to use the energy stored during the photosynthesis process. It’s the chemical reaction that breaks down the glucose and changes it into a larger amount of Adenosine Triphosphate which is also called ATP (Board, 2012). Plants use sunlight to make ATP for its energy source by creating a series of chemical reactions by producing oxygen as a waste product. Next, animals and human beings eat these plants. The nutrients digested by animals and human beings reverse the process by using the ATP as a source of energy. Our cells use the nutrients from the plants and convert the nutrients in a process that uses oxygen (Board, 2012). Once our bodies have used all the nutrients will be need from those plants our bodies as well as animals release carbon dioxide as waste. Photosynthesis and respiration are both means of converting one state...
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...Photosynthesis is the process by which plant cells capture and process the suns energy to make this energy available to all living things (Audesirk T, Audesirk G, Byers G, 2008). Photosynthesis controls all tropic chains and food on Earth. The photosynthesis process is described by the following equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2. This equation means carbon dioxide from the air and water combine in the presence of sunlight to form sugars: oxygen is released as a by-product of this reaction (Wessels & Hopson, n.d.). The first step in Photosynthesis is the “light reaction”. This is when the electromagnetic energy of sunlight is converted into the chlorophyll (the pigment that absorbs the sunlight) containing cells of photosynthetic organisms (Audesirk T, Audesirk G, Byers G, 2008). Chlorophyll is packed into stacks of membranes called grana where the sunlight is absorbed. The sunlight is then converted into chemical energy or Oxygen. This is then converted into sugars or glycolysis. If oxygen is present when the glycolysis process is complete, a type of cellular respiration called aerobic respiration is created. During the aerobic respiration a process called TCA is administered. The TCA cycle releases energy store in pyruvate. This energy is called ATP, which is the energy source that is used for nearly every task in the human body and other organisms. Anaerobic respiration is the absence of oxygen. Anaerobic respiration begins with the same...
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...206 Biology January 20, 2013 IP 2 Abstract Some of the things that will be discussed are how photosynthesis and respiration are linked in order to provide you with energy from the food we eat. The absence of oxygen some cells and organisms can use glycolysis coupled to fermentation to produce energy to your cells. Cells use enzymes as biological catalysts to increase or accelerate the rate of reactions. Energy, Metabolism, and Cells Photosynthesis envelopes everything we need to sustain life whether directly related or indirectly related. Biology involves a great responsibility for the safety and well-being of all inhabitants of the earth. Our daily lives and the comprehension of what it takes to keep the various life forms alive are very important, (Nahle, N. 2004). First, you will learn what is photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. Secondly, you will learn the role of fermentation in allowing an organism to generate energy for its cells in the absence of oxygen and how does the energy from the sun end up as chemical energy for the anaerobic organism or cell. Lastly, you will learn how enzyme catalyzes a reaction and the three main steps of the cycle of enzyme-substrate interactions plus how enzyme activity is regulated by the cell. 1. Explain how photosynthesis and respiration are linked in order to provide you with energy from the food you eat. A. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use energy created from the sunlight; producing and storing sugar (carbohydrate)...
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...2 ‘Photosynthesis and Respiration’ Running Head: Photosynthesis and Respiration 1 Photosynthesis and Respiration The process in which carbon dioxide is transformed into organic compounds from sunlight is called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis, a natural process, offers every aerobic being on earth oxygen and also assists in maintaining a natural percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere (Cloud, David 2011). Human beings would not exist without this process. Photosynthesis also occurs in algae, plants, and certain bacteria. In contrast, respiration takes glucose (sugar), along with other organic compounds oxidizing them to develop carbon dioxide. Respiration is the metabolic reaction in organic cells, biochemical energy into adenosine triphosphate/ATP. Each cycle depends on the other, in order for the ‘complete cycle’ to transpire. When it comes to receiving energy from the foods we eat, photosynthesis stores the energy and respiration releases it. Both cycles are important to ensure continuous life on earth. Photosynthesis and respiration are connected between plants and animals based on the reactants and products of both pathways by the usage of autotrophs and heterotrophs. An autotroph are organisms the have the ability to manufacture their own food (“Autotroph vs. Heterotroph” n.d.). Heterotroph organisms are essential in respiration and are not an element in photosynthesis. ...
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...Vocabulary: Cell Energy Cycle Vocabulary • Aerobic respiration – a chemical process in which oxygen is used to produce energy from carbohydrates. o Aerobic respiration produces much more energy than anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration results in the formation of 30 to 38 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose. • Anaerobic respiration – a chemical process in which carbohydrates are partially broken down without using oxygen. A small amount of energy is produced in this manner. o Anaerobic respiration produces much less energy than aerobic respiration, resulting in the formation of 2 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose. • ATP – adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that provides energy for cellular processes. o Energy is released when an ATP molecule is converted to an ADP (adenosine diphosphate) molecule. • Cellular respiration – a process by which energy is released from food. o When oxygen is present, oxygen and glucose combine to produce energy in the form of ATP molecules. The by-products of cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen are carbon dioxide and water. o When oxygen is not present, a smaller amount of energy is produced from the breakdown of glucose. Possible by-products include lactic acid and alcohol. • Chemical energy – energy that is released or absorbed in chemical reactions. o In the cell, chemical energy is stored in glucose molecules...
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...Have you ever wonder what is the basic structure of life was? The Process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Or even plant and animal cell structure and functions? The Process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration is a metabolic process in which inorganic material is turned into the organic material with the help of sunlight and with use of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis gives out Oxygen. Respiration in animals uses oxygen produced from the atmosphere produced by plants to generate energy in the metabolic process undergoing several stages. Respiration uses oxygen and gives back the carbon dioxide and hence forms the raw reactant for the plants to utilize again. Photosynthesis is a process in which light energy is used to drive the synthesis of carbohydrates. Aside from light energy, the reactants of photosynthesis include carbon dioxide and water. Because photosynthesis involves the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, it is referred to as anabolic. Aerobic respiration is a process that utilizes oxygen to oxidize organic molecules (such as glucose). The energy stored in organic molecules is used to generate ATP. Aerobic respiration is a catabolic reaction, because complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones. Photosynthesis releases oxygen as a byproduct. This oxygen results from the splitting of water during the light reactions of photosynthesis. The oxygen released into the atmosphere can then be used by organisms that respire aerobically...
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...Preparation Cellular Respiration 1. A biological process that occurs in both plants and animals is shown below. Which row in the chart below identifies the lettered substances in this process? A. Row 1 B. Row 2 C. Row 3 D. Row 4 Base your answers to questions 2 & 3 on the diagrams below and your knowledge of biology. The arrow below each lettered process indicates where the process takes place. 2. Process A is known as A. photosynthesis C. dehydration synthesis B. fermentation D. aerobic respiration 3. Glucose is a product of A. process A, only C. process B and process C B. process B, only D. process A and process C 4. Which statement best compares the energy transformations of photosynthesis and cellular respiration? A. Only photosynthesis uses oxygen to create energy. B. Only photosynthesis causes an increase in kinetic energy. C. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both store energy in chemical bonds. D. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both require chemical energy to make food. 5. A student prepared a test tube containing yeast, glucose, and water. After 24 hours, the test tube was analyzed for the presence of several substances. What substance would the student expect to find if respiration occurred in the test tube? A. a hormone C. nitrogen B. starch D. carbon dioxide 6. One type of anaerobic respiration results in the...
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...questions: Cellular respiration: • What is cellular respiration and what are its three stages? Cellular respiration is the aerobic harvesting of a chemical energy from organic fuel. The three stages are glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport. • What is the role of glycolysis? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The role of glycolysis is splitting sugar into two parts. This allows the cells to make ATP. When the splitting of the two molecules of ATP happen they turn into two molecules of pyruvic acid and the two electrons carrying NADH are produce. • What is the role of the citric acid cycle? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The role of the citric acid cycle is to reduce and carry electrons that are high in energy to the next stage. In this stage, glycolysis is converted to acetyl CoA by creating many compounds that can store the high-energy electrons along the ATP molecules. • What is the role of the electron transport system? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The electron transport system transfers the electrons through electron carriers. The energy that is released by electrons pumps hydrogen ions across the inner membranes of the mitchondrin, thus creating high hydrogen ion concentration. Photosynthesis: • What is the overall goal of photosynthesis? The...
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...Difference Between Cells Your name SCIE206 AIU Online Abstract This paper is intended to inform the reader on the way photosynthesis and respiration are linked in order to provide living things with energy. Also how some cells use glycolysis to produce energy from sugar created in photosynthesis. Lastly, how cells use enzymes as biological catalysts to increase the rate of reactions. The Difference Between Cells During photosynthesis cells receive energy from the sun which is then combined with carbon dioxide and water to create something called glucose (Editorial Board, 2013). Photosynthesis occurs in green plants such as seaweed, algae and other green plants. This process is very important because the byproduct of this process is oxygen which is very essential to all living organisms. Plants produce a lot of glucose and sometimes so much that it is more than they need. The plant uses this glucose to produce things like leaves and flowers and other growths that take place on the plant. The glucose is then transformed into cellulose which is a part of the structural wall a very sturdy material. Humans depend on glucose just as plants do however humans are not able to produce their own glucose so humans actually rely on plants to produce it. Cellular respiration is a chemical breakdown of glucose that was created through the photosynthesis process, and converting that glucose into larger amounts of adenosine triphosphate. Adenosine triphosphate also known as ATP is...
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...Both processes creates ATP. ATP is cellular energy and is made up of ADP plus energy from food. The difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration is, aerobic restorations uses oxygen and anaerobic respiration don't. During aerobic respiration oxygen and glucose goes inside the mitochondria. Aerobic respiration creates 36 ATP for the cell through 3 processes. Glycolysis creates 2 ATP, krebs cycle creates 2 ATP, and the electron train creates 32 ATP. After these processes are done the mitochondria releases carbon dioxide, H2O, and ATP. Anaerobic respiration creates 2 ATP for the cell. Glycolysis creates 2 ATP, and fermentation doesn't create any ATP. After anaerobic respiration carbon dioxide ATP and alcohol is made, or ATP lactic acid. Glycolysis and fermentation happens in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is a gel like structure that the cells organelles are...
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...Associate Program Material Cell Energy Worksheet Answer the following questions: Cellular respiration: What is cellular respiration and what are its three stages? 1) Glycolysis: the cytoplasm 2) Krebs Cycle/The Citric Acid Cycle: mitochondria 3) Electron Transport Chain: the mitochondria What is the role of glycolysis? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? Glycolysis splits the glucose molecule into two pyruvic acid molecules. The Reactants going into the process are Glucose, NAD+ (and ATP to start the reaction). The products are 2 pyruvic acid molecules NADH and a net gain of 2 ATP (2 used 4 produced). This reaction occurs in the cytoplasm and is also considered the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. What is the role of the citric acid cycle? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? Each of the pyruvic acid molecules will be processed in two separate citric acid cycles. Here the three carbon pyruvic acid molecule is processed to produce ATP and Carbon Dioxide molecules. This Cycle uses ATP to specifically break down the pyruvate into Acetyl Co-A. Once this goes through the cycle, limited ATP as well as more NADH are produced. This happens in the mitochondria when sufficient oxygen is present to form the Carbon Dioxide. What is the role of the electron transport system? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The role of the electron...
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