...MS Network Operating System 1 January 15, 2013 The Evolution of Microsoft Network Operating Systems (2003 vs. 2008) An exciting aspect and significant upgrade to Windows Server 2008 is the inclusion of multiple versions of the software. Also there are many upgrades and new features. So you might ask…… How many versions are there and why are so many offered? What is the significance of each version? What are the new features and how does it differ from Server 2003? What is 64 bit architecture and how is it better? I will explain the differences, the features, and the uses of the newest version of Windows Server. Hopefully you will gain a better understanding of the software and how it can be utilized for your specific set of criteria. Let’s start with the different editions and how they compare to the 2003 editions. Edition Comparisons 2008 Web Edition 2008 Standard Edition 2008 Enterprise Edition 2008 Datacenter Edition Supersedes 2003 Web edition 2003 R2 Standard and Standard x64 editions 2003 R2 Enterprise and Enterprise x64 editions 2003 R2 Datacenter and Datacenter x64 Editions Hyper-V-virtualization technology Not included Included Included Included OS instances permitted per server license One instance (physical or virtual) One physical and one virtual instance One physical and up to 4 virtual instances Unlimited number of OS instances Maximum server RAM supported 32-bit: 4GB 64-bit: 32GB 32-bit: 4GB 64-bit:32GB 32-bit: 64GB 64-bit: 2TB 32-bit:64GB ...
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...PFCH DC Unification Project UNIX and Linux Advantages UNIX has been the cornerstone for infrastructure for the past decade with popular flavors such as Solaris (Craig, 2012). UNIX is a proprietary brand typically run in large organizational infrastructure. However, many of the UNIX variants are open source that allow users to customize their distribution as they see fit and making copies to install in an unlimited number of machines. UNIX offers a highly stable operating system (OS) that is ideal for full multitasking capabilities while protecting memory to prevent interference with other users. The stability provides greater uptime for increased productivity and less downtime for crash recovery and troubleshooting (Montpelier Open Source, n.d.). UNIX has been the baseline for Internet services and growth where machines on network can operate as clients and servers. Linux is a variant of UNIX and has established itself in the desktop, workstation, and increasingly in the server environments. A key benefit for Linux is the scope of freedom of distributions (distros) that provide many applications, freeware, and add-ons (Stanford University, 2004). Linux is extremely portability to a wide range of new and old machines. The majority of Linux variants are available free or at an economical price compared to Microsoft Windows. Linux is a very secure operating system and although it still can be prone to attacks, it inherently is more secure than Windows. Another huge benefit...
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...Strayer University Assignment 3: Virtualization Across the Board Dennis R. Roque CIS512: Advanced Computer Architecture Professor Amir Afzal 4 March 2013 Table of Contents 1. Compare & contrast the AMP & SMP architectures 3 2. Determine if hardware virtualization helps businesses and organizations in terms of: 3 Cost management 3 Systems performance and scalability 4 Systems management and administration 4 3. Determine if software virtualization helps businesses and organizations in terms of: 4 Cost management 4 Systems performance and scalability 4 Systems management and administration 5 4. Compare and contrast VMware, Microsoft, and Citrix in terms of:…………………………………….5 Market adoption 5 Technical architecture 6 Technical support 8 5. Determine which vendor you would recommend for a virtualization strategy and explain why: 8 References:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9 1. Compare & contrast the AMP & SMP architectures While symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) plays an important role in multi-core systems, the packet processing performance curve in an SMP configuration can flatten after only a few cores, yielding diminishing returns as more system resources are allocated to networking tasks. Wind River’s asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP) technologies provide a clean separation of control plane and data plane functions, which enable greater efficiency of multiple processing cores. The data...
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...Running Head: Virtualization How will virtualization change the way government agencies do business in the future? Virtualization Abstract: Server and application virtualization is a hot topic among many government information technology program managers. Today’s government agencies are focusing on reducing expenses while improving the capabilities that information technology provides its customers. This is a difficult task to accomplish with shrinking budgets. A key technology that can help reduce costs in multiple ways is virtualization. Virtualization is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as an operating system, a server, a storage device or network resources. There are many advantages and disadvantages associated with virtualization. Each government agency that is considering virtualization needs to investigate both aspects and make the informed decision according to their business needs and their customers. Depending on the environment that some agencies operate in, virtualization may not be a logical or realistic choice for many of its information technology needs due to security policies that may be in effect. This is especially true within the intelligence community (IC) and Department of Defense (DoD) where they are required to keep different security classifications of data physically separated. Even though system security classification and policy effect government IT environments, the emergence...
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...and Future of Virtualization | | 9/30/2013 | Introduction to Programming 23 September 2013 Unit 1 Assignment 1 Exploring Programming Languages Platform virtualization vs. application virtualization Virtual machines (VMs), in their first incarnation, were created by IBM 60 years ago as a way to share large and expensive mainframe systems. And although the concept is still applied in current IBM systems, the popular concept of a VM has broadened and been applied to a number of areas outside of virtualization. Virtual machine origins The first operating system to support full virtualization for VMs was the Conversational Monitor System (CMS). CMS supported both full virtualization and paravirtualization. In the early 1970s, IBM introduced the VM family of systems, which ran multiple single-user operating systems on top of their VM Control Program—an early type-1 hypervisor. The area of virtualization that IBM popularized in the 1960s is known asplatform (or system) virtualization. In this form of virtualization, the underlying hardware platform is virtualized to share it with a number of different operating systems and users. Another application of the VM is to provide the property of machine independence. This form, called application (or process) virtualization, creates an abstracted environment (for an application), making it independent of its physical environment. Aspects of application virtual machines In the application virtualization space, VMs are...
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...RAM, (measured in throughput) o DDR2 - Double Data Rate 2 (measured in throughput) o DDR3 - Double Data Rate 3 (measured in throughput) o SDRAM – Synchronous Dynamic RAM - synchronous with the system clock (bus) for example 133Mhz clock = PC133 (Measured in clock speed) o SODIMM – Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module – used in laptops only o RAMBUS (RD RAM) – more expensive compared to SD RAM o DIMM – Dual Inline Memory Module – term used to classify Desktop memory o Parity vs. non-parity – Parity is used to detect errors but won’t always find an error, has an extra parity bit o ECC vs. non-ECC – Error Correction Code is used to detect and correct errors in RAM o RAM configurations § Single channel vs. dual channel vs. triple channel – Installed in pairs for maximum throughput, memory frequencies should match, slots are often coloured the same o Single sided vs. double sided – the groups of memory on a module that can be accessed and not the physical layout of the memory package · RAM compatibility and speed – DDR 3 RAM will not be compatible with any other version of RAM due to the pin assignments and slot at the bottom of the RAM. Speed is measured in MHz and is calculated by dividing the PC value by 8 example: PC-3200 = 3200/8 = 400 thus PC-3200 is in fact DDR-400Mhz * Chipset * Northbridge The Northbridge typically handles communications among the CPU, in some cases RAM, and PCI Express (or AGP) video cards, and the...
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...Planning and Developing an IT Hardware Strategy utilizing virtualized hardware. MIS535 Management Applications of Information Technology Table of Contents Abstract 3 Brief Company Background 4 Discussion of Business Problem 5 High Level Solution 6 Benefits 8 Conclusions and Overall Recommendations 11 Summary 13 Abstract Corporate users of technology use a variety of technologies to get their work done. Over the last three decades, companies that create and manage data have implemented a wide variety of disparate computers systems, each slightly different. This makes maintaining these environments expensive and troublesome to expand and maintain. A potential solution to this multi-platform server sprawl is to consolidate from many to a few computing platforms. Once the application software is ported to these new platforms, we can begin to virtualize hardware. These are the prerequisites for cloud computing. This plan addresses these concerns in my current place of employment which has been experiencing this problem for over a decade. Based on industry publications and communications with my peers, it appears that many companies are experiencing these types of issues. The recession of 2007-2008 has been very difficult for IT firms. We’re doing more with less and it appears that the budgets won’t be significantly increasing for some time. ...
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...About VDI VDI (Virtual Desktop Infrastructure), also refereed to as desktop virtualization, is a system that moves the user’s desktops to the What is VDI? VDI stands for Virtual Desktop Infrastructure, using software to virtualize desktops, then deliver that user experience centrally. Instead of users storing their OS, desktop personality and data on individual laptops or desktops, VDI enables desktop data to run centrally on servers maintained by IT admins, and just accessed locally via a traditional PC or a thin client (a network-connected device designed to access VDI images remotely). Other Benefits of VDI •Desktops can be set up in minutes, not hours •Client PCs are more energy efficient and longer lasting than traditional desktop computers •IT costs are reduced due to a fewer tech support issues •Compatibility issues, especially with single-user software, are lessened •Data security is increased http://www.purestorage.com/applications/vdi/what-is-vdi/ What is VDI? Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) Definition - What does Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) mean? Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) is a virtualization technique enabling access to a virtualized desktop, which is hosted on a remote service over the Internet. It refers to the software, hardware and other resources required for the virtualization of a standard desktop system. VDI is also known as a virtual desktop interface. Techopedia explains Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) ...
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...Architecture changes in Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2008 comes in different versions to provide key functionality to support any sized business and IT challenge. Foundation is a cost-effective, entry-level technology foundation targeted at small business owners and IT generalists supporting small businesses. Standard has with built-in, enhanced Web and virtualization capabilities, it is designed to increase the reliability and flexibility of your server infrastructure while helping save time and reduce costs. Enterprise is the advanced server that provides cost-effective and reliable support for mission-critical workloads. Datacenter delivers an enterprise-class platform for deploying business-critical applications and large-scale virtualization on small and large servers. Web Server is a powerful Web application and services platform. Featuring Internet Information Services (IIS) 7.5 and designed exclusively as an Internet-facing server. (Microsoft, 2010) Top 10 New Features in Windows Server 2008 #10: The self-healing NTFS file system: Ever since the days of DOS, an error in the file system meant that a volume had to be taken offline for it to be remedied. In WS2K8, a new system service works in the background that can detect a file system error, and perform a healing process without anyone taking the server down. #9: Parallel session creation: "Prior to Server 2008, session creation was a serial operation," Russinovich reminded us. "If you've got a Terminal Server...
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...Week 9 Chapter 13 and 14 Assignment #3 Eddie L. Rhoden Instructor: Dr. Janet Durgin CIS 512 May 31, 2012 Kerberos security model: Kerberos is a security protocol invented by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for computer networks. Using key encryption, Kerberos allows both client and server to mutually verify each other's identity in order to safely transfer data over an otherwise unsecured connection. Since its inception, Kerberos has gained the acceptance of numerous major entities and continues to grow. When a user logs in, an authentication service verifies the user's identity and grants an encrypted ticket, which contains identification credentials (such as a randomly-created session key) and only works for a limited time of eight hours. A user decrypts the ticket with his password and the credentials are stored in the user's cache to gain access to the intended service. Once the time is up, the user will have to log in once again and request a new ticket. The ticket is destroyed when a user logs out. Compared to a firewall, which offers protection from outside attacks but limits the actions a user can perform, Kerberos allows a user to continue to safely operate over an unsecured connection by encrypting the data transfer without limiting a user's abilities. Because Kerberos requires mutual client and server verification, it prevents phishing by keeping malicious entities from posing as the server and...
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... What is Virtualization? What is Virtualization? Physical World Virtualized World Hardware Traditional x86 Architecture • Single OS image per machine • Software and hardware tightly coupled • Multiple applications often conflict • Underutilized resources Virtualization: • Separation of OS and hardware • OS and application contained in single file • Applications are isolated from one another • Hardware independence & flexibility Typical Consolidation: 15:1 Key Properties of Virtual Machines •Partitioning Run multiple operating systems on one physical machine system resources between virtual machines Divide Key Properties of Virtual Machines •Partitioning Run multiple operating systems on one physical machine Divide system resources between virtual machines •Isolation Fault and security isolation at the hardware level resource controls preserve performance Advanced Key Properties of Virtual Machines •Partitioning Run multiple operating systems on one physical machine Divide system resources between virtual machines •Isolation Fault and security isolation at the hardware level Advanced resource controls preserve performance •Encapsulation Entire state of the virtual machine can be saved to files and copy virtual machines as easily as moving and copying files Move Key Properties of Virtual Machines •Partitioning Run multiple operating systems on one physical machine...
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...infrastructure that is robust enough to support our customers and employees. It must also be reliable, providing “always on” access. The challenge is being able to accomplish this using new technology at a cost that will not have a big impact to our capital spend. Per other Partners requests, the following report has been created to address identify a piece of technology that can be used at XYZ Company. The requirements of this tool is that is must be relevant within the last five years, widely accepted in the IT industry, and implemented and supported at a low cost. The tool must show the ability to make a positive impact to our business areas (Marketing, Accounting, Sales, and Quality Assurance). After extensive research, Virtualization has been recommended as the technology that meets the requirements stated above. In reviewing potential vendors, VMware is the recommended choice due to their market share and offerings. VMware provides significant savings in cost, increased application availability, and desktop management. By moving to VMware, we reduce cost by not having to spend money on additional server hardware. Multiple applications can be installed to one machine, saving hardware costs. This in turn reduces our server footprint, reducing cost with space, power, cooling, and additional IT Staff to support the hardware. Research shows that these costs are reduced by 20-30%. By increasing application availability, we provide a stronger online presence...
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...what they use and can share internally or with other customers as well. The majority of cloud computing infrastructure currently consists of reliable services delivered through data centers that are built on computer and storage virtualization technologies. The goal of a cloud-based architecture is to provide some form of elasticity, the ability to expand and contract capacity on-demand. The implication is that at some point additional instances of an application will be needed in order for the architecture to scale and meet demand. That means there needs to be some mechanism in place to balance requests between two or more instances of that application. The mechanism most likely to be successful in performing such a task is a load balancer. The aim of this paper is to discuss the existing techniques of load balancing and elaborate the main points of the techniques that are helpful in reduction of power consumption leading a step towards green clouds. Green Cloud is an Internet Data Center architecture which aims to reduce data center power consumption, and at the same time guarantee the performance from users’ perspective, leveraging live virtual machine migration technology. Index Terms — Cloud computing, load balancing, green clouds, virtualization. Introduction Load Balancing is the technique that distributes workload across one or more servers, network links and connections through intelligent switches using various services such as DNS, FTP, and HTTP etc. There...
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...VMware’s vSphere and Microsoft's Hyper-V are the two heading stages for server virtualization. Despite the fact that they give comparative gimmicks and usefulness, the way they oversee capacity for virtual machines is altogether different. VMware’s VSphere is a type 1 hypervisor and is based on a microkernel used to run features that are need to support the virtualization. Type 1 hypervisors run straightforwardly on server fittings and go about as the deliberation layer between the physical assets of the server and the virtual assets relegated to the virtual machine. Hyper-V is conveyed in two structures, either as a standalone Type 1 hypervisor (known as Hyper-V Server 2012 R2 in the most recent discharge) or as a component of the Windows Server working framework, where the Hyper-V gimmick is actualized as a "part". On both stages, the hypervisor oversees physical capacity assets and the presentation of capacity to the virtual machines. A virtual machine is embodied in various documents that speak to both the arrangement and substance of the virtual server. Hyper-V and the vsphere stage utilize the idea of a virtual hard plate, which is similar to the physical hard drive in a standard server. VSphere utilizes the VMDK (virtual machine circles) design, though Hyper-V uses VHD and VHDX (virtual hard circle and virtual hard plate amplified). Both stages additionally utilize various extra documents to track virtual machine design and to handle things when virtual machines are suspended...
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...NUMBER: 220-901 About the Exam Candidates are encouraged to use this document to help prepare for CompTIA A+ 220-901. In order to receive the CompTIA A+ certification, you must pass two exams: 220-901 and 220-902. CompTIA A+ 220-901 measures the necessary skills for an entry-level IT professional. Successful candidates will have the knowledge required to: • Assemble components based on customer requirements • Install, configure and maintain devices, PCs and software for end users • Understand the basics of networking and security/forensics • Properly and safely diagnose, resolve and document common hardware and software issues • Apply troubleshooting skills • Provide appropriate customer support • Understand the basics of virtualization, desktop imaging and deployment These content examples are meant to clarify the test objectives and should not be construed as a comprehensive listing of all the content of this examination. EXAM ACCREDITATION CompTIA A+ is accredited by ANSI to show compliance with the ISO 17024 Standard and, as such, undergoes regular reviews and updates to the exam objectives. EXAM DEVELOPMENT CompTIA exams result from subject matter expert workshops and industry-wide survey results regarding the skills and knowledge required of an entry-level IT professional. CompTIA AUTHORIZED MATERIALS USE POLICY CompTIA Certifications, LLC is not affiliated with and does not authorize, endorse or condone utilizing any content provided by unauthorized...
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