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Physician Assisted Suicide

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Kader Lochina
EN 102
Exploratory essay

“Physician assisted suicide”

Physician assisted suicide (PAS) is the voluntary termination of one's life by

administration of a lethal substance with the direct or indirect assistance of a physician.

It is legal in a few countries like the Netherlands. In the United States it is legal in only

the state of Oregon. It is a very controversial topic with 3 different opinions groups. The

group of people who are for it, those who are opposed to it and there is a third neutral

group which is composed of medical associations.

The first group is composed of the pro PAS .They argue that there are some

patients who experience terrible suffering that can't be relieved by any other of the

therapeutic techniques nursing has to offer, and some of those patients desperately seek

deliverance. For pro PAS, PAS is not about doctors killing patients , but it is about

patients whose pain cannot be relieved. Physicians who consider it merciful to help a

patient to die by writing a prescription are not criminals.

Supporters of PAS feel It is cruel to leave patients who need such help to find for

themselves solutions to end their own lives, solutions that can be traumatic when human

assistance can be available. The physicians have obligations, but when a cure is

impossible and palliation has failed to achieve its objectives, there is always a

remaining obligation to relieve suffering. If the physician has used all available cure

measures, it is the patient, and only the patient who can judge whether death is harmful or good to be sought.

Another reason of pro PAS is that doctors' ethics should be to provide care in

whatever ever way best serves patients' interests, in accord with each patient's wishes

not the commitment to preserve life no matter what the cost in suffering is. According to

them, the greatest harm doctors can do is to consign a desperate patient to unbearable

suffering.

The arguments of the opponents of PAS are plenty. First of all the Hippocratic

injunction, do not harm. It is also argued that requests for physician assisted suicide

come from patients who haven't received adequate pain control or who are clinically

depressed and haven't been properly diagnosed or treated.

Another argument of con PAS is that Permitting PAS will undermine the sense of

trust patients have in their doctors. Patients don't need help to commit suicide, they can

manage that themselves. Patients can find solutions to end their own lives without a

doctor's help because it is not the duty of doctors to end patients’ lives , but to make

them feel better and live longer. Another reason of con PAS is that societal tolerance of

PAS can lead to serious abuse. The data can be subject to varying interpretation

depending on which analysis one believes. Those who are against PAS also mention

that requests for PAS are so rare that there is no way of changing the law to permit it.

Furthermore,it is also argued that a society that doesn't assure all its citizens

the right to basic health care and protect them against catastrophic health costs has no

business considering physician assisted suicide. This is a goal for any decent society.

If it is not attained, PAS shouldn't be considered .

The last argument against PAS is religious. Religions point of view is :God gives life

and only he should take it, no one else should be almighty to do it. Allowing doctors to

do so will be like allowing them to play the role of God.

The medical associations took a position of neutrality on PAS. Doctors are called

by medical associations to adopt a position of neutrality on the issue. Neutrality is

appropriate because the medical profession itself is divided. Doctors feel like a change

of position will send a wrong message. The neutrality of medical associations is an

attempt to neutralize oppositions over PAS. There was not a clearly defined position of

medical associations, so their positions in the debate were “empty” until they choose

neither to be for PAS nor against it. This position is a precaution position to not

be labeled pro or con PAS .

From my point of view if a patient suffers from a terminal illness and there is not

even a little hope that he can be healed, if and only if the patient requests it, he should be

helped with a merciful death. PAS shortens the dying process that can long, expensive

and painful into a merciful death. Patients are allowed to refuse medication what will

lead them to death. Disconnecting a ventilator at a patient’s request is accepted by the

society , this requires a more definitive act by a physician by prescribing a

medication that a patient has requested and is free to take it or not, as he or she sees fit.

Why should the latter be perceived of doing harm when the former is not? Rather than

labeling this as a killing, we should see it as bringing the dying process to a merciful

end.

In conclusion, PAS is a sensitive topic. The opinions about it are split. A lot of

countries have not yet sorted out the debate whether it should be legalized or not. All

doctors are bound by the injunction do not harm, but we must recognize that harm

may result not only from the commission of a wrongful act but also from the omission of

an act of mercy. It is a big debate that is not about to end.

“Physician Assisted Suicide”

EN 102

08/18/2013

Prof. Landrus

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