...HSC Physics Assessment Task 1 – Part B Hermann Oberth Hermann Oberth was a German Physicist who made large contributions to the field of rocketry in both the basic theory and the design of rockets. In 1922, he submitted a physics dissertation while studying at the University of Heidelberg on this subject. This paper examined mathematically the possibility for a rocket to reach escape velocity and leave the Earth’s orbit. He also supported and explained the notion that rockets could be propelled in a vacuum, an idea which was contrary to most scientific opinion at the time. These pioneering ideas have formed the basis of our modern space program. His work mentioned the possible effect on an astronaut’s body of experiencing the g-forces required to escape the Earth’s gravitational pull. Finally, he discussed the further possibility of launching spacecraft into orbit, which has led to our modern widespread use of communication satellites. His original paper on rocket design, entitled “Die Rakete zu den Planetenräumen”, was controversial and was widely rejected by the scientific community at the time. His work received greater support later, and he received the “Rep-Hirsch” prize in 1929, giving him $10,000, which he used to...
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...but unfortunately, due to the power of the Catholic church in his native Italy, his work in astronomy was widely rejected by his countrymen. His contributions to physics also place him in the ranks of the greatest scientists of all time. Without Galileo’s contributions to astronomy, mathematics, and physics, we would lack many basic understandings of the universe and our world. Body Galileo Galilei was the son of a musician born in Pisa, Italy in 1564. He studied medicine, but his interests laid in mathematics and physics. At age twenty-five, he became a professor of mathematics at Pisa. In 1591, he moved to Padua and lived there for many years. During his time in Padua, he had a twelve-year long relationship with a Venetian woman named Marina Gamba. The couple never married, but they had three children, two daughters and one son. Later, he moved to Florence where he lived for the remainder of his life. He died in 1642, coincidentally, the year of Sir Isaac Newton’s birth (“Galileo, Galilei (1564 - 1642)”). Galileo’s discoveries contributing to the fields of astronomy are what he is most famous for though this was not his only field of study (picture of his telescope invention on page 6, picture 2 from Rosen). Less notable, though no less important than his astronomical work, are Galileo’s contributions to physics, in particular to the areas of optics and motion, and mathematics. He employed his knowledge of mathematics both as a professor and as means to provide proof to...
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...Exercise 5A, Case 1 I can see I will need the following equations to help me solve the next few cases involving the power plant. V=IR P=IV P=I2R Where V represents Voltage drop, I represents Current, R represents Resistance, & P represents Power lost. This intro tells me that I will be using a plant voltage of 120V to solve the first cases. I can see that I’ll be predicting various voltage drops across a completed circuit, from a power plant to a house. Exercise 5A, Case 2 If nothing is hooked up in the house: 1.) What is the current through the supply wire? To solve this I go back to my equation, deciding to use I=V/R , but thinking back on the intro I see there is nothing hooked up in the house; therefore, there is no current. The answer is 0. 2.) What is the voltage drop along the supply wire? To solve you would use the equation V=IR, I is 0; therefore, the voltage drop will also be 0. 3.) What is the amount of power converted to thermal energy (Power loss)? To solve this one, P=IV, I and V are both 0; therefore no power is lost in this Case. My predicted answers were correct in this case. If there is nothing in the house, then no current is flowing through the wires. Exercise 5A, Case 3 Now I’m asked that if I’m using super conducting wires with 0 electrical resistance and we plug in a 100 Watt lamp inside the house: 1.) What is the current through the circuit? I=P/V (100 watts)/(120 volts)= 0.83 Amps 2.) What is the resistance of the...
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...Name 2) Which color vector (arrow) represents velocity and which one represents acceleration? How can you tell? The green arrow represents velocity and the blue arrow represents acceleration. This is apparent because the velocity is reliant on speed and direction, while acceleration is reliant on the change in velocity. 3) Try dragging the ball around and around in a circular path. What do you notice about the lengths and directions of the blue and green vectors? Describe their behavior in detail below. I noticed that the green arrow points the direction I am dragging and stays relatively the same while the blue arrow fluctuates rather rapidly at a perpendicular angle of the green arrow. The velocity or green arrow is always pointing in the direction I am moving and since I am going a constant speed it stays the same length. The blue arrow is showing the acceleration due to the rotation and it fluctuates rapidly due to me being unable to create a perfect speed and circle around a focal point. 4) Now move the ball at a slow constant speed across the screen. What do you notice now about the vectors? Explain why this happens. When I move them in the same direction they are even/on top of each other. This happens because the velocity or direction and speed are constant making the acceleration constant. 5) What happens to the vectors when you jerk the ball rapidly back and forth across the screen? Explain why this happens. The blue arrow goes with the green the shoots in the...
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...1. What is the theory of evolution? How is it a unifying theme in biology? The evolution theory explains the unity and diversity of life by explaining how random changes in genetic material and competition for scarce resources cause species to change gradually. 2. What is biogeography? How is it a unifying theme in ecology? The distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. 3. What is genetics? How is it a unifying theme in biology? Genetics is the scientific study of heredity. 4. What is plate tectonics? How is it a unifying theme in earth science? Plate tectonics is the theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. 5. What is the Big Bang theory? How is it a unifying theme in astronomy? The theory that the universe originated 20 billion years ago from the cataclysmic explosion of a small mass of matter at extremely high density and temperature 6. How are the following branches of science integrated, connected, and related? • Chemistry and biology- any living thing has a chemical makeup, so the study of any living thing involves studying its chemistry. • Physics and chemistry- one explains why an object has certain properties and the other explains how the objects move and use those properties. One is the world at a distance and the other is the world up close. You cannot have one without the other • Physics and astronomy- physics grew from the study of our...
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...Assignment in Physics... 1. Definition of Science, Major branches of science 2. Scientific Method 3. Definition of Physics and its major branches 4. Notable Physicist and their contribution 5. Importance of Physics in our everyday life and in our society. (Write the references) Short bond paper, written or computerized (font: Times New Roman/font size: 12) Reading assign. Measurement Diff. system of measurement fundamentals and derive quantities scientific notation rules in significant figures conversion of units http://www.hep.man.ac.uk/babarph/babarphysics/physicists.html ) I.1 Science The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment. I.2 The Branches of Science The Physical Sciences * Physics: The study of matter and energy and the interactions between them. Physicists study such subjects as gravity, light, and time. Albert Einstein, a famous physicist, developed the Theory of Relativity. * Chemistry: The science that deals with the composition, properties, reactions, and the structure of matter. The chemist Louis Pasteur, for example, discovered pasteurization, which is the process of heating liquids such as milk and orange juice to kill harmful germs. * Astronomy: The study of the universe beyond the Earth's atmosphere. The Earth Sciences * Geology: The science of the origin, history, and structure...
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...Research Paper Part I: Physics strives to identify fundamental principles governing the build and deportment of matter, the engenderment and movement of energy, and the interaction of matter and energy. Some physicists use those principles in theoretical areas, such as the nature of time and the beginnings of our universe, while some work in practical areas such as the development of advanced materials, optical and electrical devices, and medical equipment (BLS, para. 2). I chose physics for my career research paper because I have an intellectual curiosity for the world, the universe, and everything in between. I want to understand how matter moves through spacetime, and how the universe behaves. Understanding physics also means understanding many other scientific areas of study, thus providing an intimate knowledge for reality as we know it. Many physicists work in laboratories, where they design and perform experiments with sophisticated equipment. Some of that equipment includes lasers, particle accelerators, electron microscopes, and mass spectrometers. Although much research may be conducted through experiments in the lab, physicists still spend much time in offices planning, recording, analyzing, and reporting on research. Many who are deeply involved in research way also work very long or irregular hours. For basic research positions, independent research in industry, faculty positions, and advancement to managerial positions, a Ph.D in physics or related field is...
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...Cosmological constant 1 INTRODUCTION In cosmology, the cosmological constant (usually denoted by the Greek capital letter lambda: Λ) is the value of the energy density of the vacuum of space. It was originally introduced by Albert Einstein in 1917 as an addition to his theory of general relativity to "hold back gravity" and achieve a static universe, which was the accepted view at the time. Einstein abandoned the concept after Hubble's 1929 discovery that all galaxies outside the Local Group (the group that contains the Milky Way Galaxy) are moving away from each other, implying an overall expanding universe. From 1929 until the early 1990s, most cosmology researchers assumed the cosmological constant to be zero. The cosmological constant appears in Einstein's field equationin the form of where R and g describe the structure of spacetime, T pertains to matter and energy affecting that structure, and G and c are conversion factors that arise from using traditional units of measurement. When Λ is zero, this reduces to the original field equation of general relativity. When T is zero, the field equation describes empty space (the vacuum). 2 VACUUM ENERGY PROBLEM The...
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...rewrite the procedures. More than that is wasting your time and the lab instructor’s time☺. A brief explanation of the physics principle used in the experiment and later explains how the result demonstrated a physics principle. Use the important data and results (Table) to demonstrate the physic principle. Do not include all the list of each and every number on the data sheet. Note that final numerical values include an estimate of uncertainty (example: The average spring constant is XXX±XX Nm-1). Explain how the independent variables affected the dependent variables, you may use equations provided and show the dependent/independent variables. Analysis of graph: shape of curve, for a straight line, the meaning of slope and intercept for your graph. You do not have to explain how they agree if you show the numbers or refer to a Table; but do not write that values agree without some reference. Sources of error are offered that are consistent with the experimental results. You may offer a suggestion for improving the experiment, but it must focus on the most prominent error and be consistent with the sources of errors. This is not a place to “trash” the experiment. If there’s a part 2 in the experiment A brief introduction to part 2 and some simple explanations of the physics principle used in the experiment and how the result demonstrated a physics principle. Basically similar to the format above, but no need to repeat what you have already discussed. A brief...
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...rewrite the procedures. More than that is wasting your time and the lab instructor’s time☺. A brief explanation of the physics principle used in the experiment and later explains how the result demonstrated a physics principle. Use the important data and results (Table) to demonstrate the physic principle. Do not include all the list of each and every number on the data sheet. Note that final numerical values include an estimate of uncertainty (example: The average spring constant is XXX±XX Nm-1). Explain how the independent variables affected the dependent variables, you may use equations provided and show the dependent/independent variables. Analysis of graph: shape of curve, for a straight line, the meaning of slope and intercept for your graph. You do not have to explain how they agree if you show the numbers or refer to a Table; but do not write that values agree without some reference. Sources of error are offered that are consistent with the experimental results. You may offer a suggestion for improving the experiment, but it must focus on the most prominent error and be consistent with the sources of errors. This is not a place to “trash” the experiment. If there’s a part 2 in the experiment A brief introduction to part 2 and some simple explanations of the physics principle used in the experiment and how the result demonstrated a physics principle. Basically similar to the format above, but no need to repeat what you have already discussed. A brief...
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...Introduction: E=mc2(squared) is the most famous formula that is known by almost everyone. This famous formula, of course, belongs to the most famous scientist Albert Einstein. I am pretty sure many of you, if not all, has heard of this formula at one point of your lives. Because I have a passion for both science and physics, I have been studying Einstein’s theories and his life for the last couple of years. Today, I am going to talk about early years of Einstein’s life and some of his discoveries which changed the way we look at the world. Body: 1) Einstein was born in Germany and his passion for science started at a young age. A. Einstein was born in Ulm, in the Kingdom of Wurttemberg in the German Empire on March 14th 1879. B. In Einstein’s early ages, his father showed him a pocket compass; Einstein realized that there must be something causing the needle to move. This event sparked the passion inside Einstein for science and later on he began to build mechanical devices for fun. C. Unlike a general thought, he never struggled to pass the exams or talk. It was just his family who thought he had a learning disability. D. Even though being remarkably good at physics and mathematics, he was not as successful in other subjects such as foreign language and social sciences. This is due to fact that he always had a passion to follow what he liked, not for what school wanted to teach him. He kept criticizing the disciplinary system of the schools and said that school were destroying...
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...Summary of Module 2 Tasks and Deadlines Tasks with Deadlines for Module 2 Week 1 (Week 3) 1) Read – pencil in hand for jotting down important concepts as well as your questions- the following: Chapter 3 in the textbook. Sections 4.1 through 4.3 the textbook. Due: by the last day of Week 3. 2) Follow the link for “Module Notes - Scalars, Vectors, Two-Dimensional Motion, & Newton’s Laws”: https://mycourses.excelsior.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_group=courses&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2FdisplayLearningUnit%3Fcourse_id%3D_21506_1%26content_id%3D_769754_1%26framesetWrapped%3Dtrue and carefully study all the materials provided. Due: by the last day of Week 3. 3) Problem #1 : Chapter 3, end of chapter problem 82 from the from “Essential College Physics” by Andrew Rex & Richard. Submit your solution in the drop box “M2A1: Problem submission 1” https://mycourses.excelsior.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_group=courses&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2FdisplayLearningUnit%3Fcourse_id%3D_21506_1%26content_id%3D_769755_1%26framesetWrapped%3Dtrue Due by the fourth day of Week 3. 4) Perform the tasks assigned for Module 2 Week 1 on the discussion board for Module 1 at the link: https://mycourses.excelsior.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_group=courses&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2FdisplayLearningUnit%3Fcourse_id%3D_21506_1%26content_id%3D_769755_1%26framesetWrapped%3Dtrue Post your response...
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...issues. It developed during the insight from the areas of Medicine and Natural Antiquity. Quantitative reasoning is vital to the understanding of environmental processes. As mentioned earlier Environmental Science is an integration of different branches of science and in the area of Physics, Chemistry and even Biology. Mathematics is essential and plays a very important role in this discipline. In the biological and ecological aspect of environmental science, there is a subtopic known as the Carrying Capacity in an Ecosystem. Carrying capacity of a biological specie in an ecosystem is the maximum population size such specie can reach in that ecosystem and survive indefinitely with the necessities available. This is calculated by rationalizing the specie per square meter in a hectare of the ecosystem land. Mathematics is also used in environmental science in the aspect of solar and wind energy conversion, where the direct current is converted to alternating current. Also there are energy conversion rates which are as follows: The solar energy conversion rate is 1,800,000 (kcal/ m2/year). Ecosystem Efficiency = 0.012%, Energy conversion to mass - 2,500 kcal/m2/yr = 3,900 kg/ha/yr. a factor of 1.56. 1 hectare = 10,000 sq. m. It is used to convert and find the numerical value for the solar energy which is transferred from the producers to the decomposers at every stage. Mathematics is also used to determine the emigration, immigration, natality and mortality rate of the population...
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...The British Society for the Philosophy of Science The Nature of Philosophical Problems and Their Roots in Science Author(s): K. R. Popper Source: The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 3, No. 10 (Aug., 1952), pp. 124-156 Published by: Oxford University Press on behalf of The British Society for the Philosophy of Science Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/685553 . Accessed: 13/09/2013 04:37 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Oxford University Press and The British Society for the Philosophy of Science are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 58.27.243.214 on Fri, 13 Sep 2013 04:37:15 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions THE NATURE OF PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS AND THEIR ROOTS IN SCIENCE * K. R. POPPER I IT was after some hesitation that I decided to take as my point of departurethe present position of English philosophy. For I believe...
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...German-born American theoretical physicist, Albert Einstein, often regarded as the father of modern physics, had exceptional intellectual ability and unprecedented insight. Many believed him to be one of the most influential people in both science and mathematics, and quite possibly the most famous scientist of the 20th century (Severance, 1999). As cited by Fingon and Fingon, Einstein was well known for being a brilliant physicist and abstract thinker, applying his creativity and imagination in his scientific thought process (Parker, 2003). He received the 1921 Nobel Prize for his contribution to the study of physics, namely his special (1905) and general (1916) theories of relativity. The name “Einstein” is often thought of as being synonymous with the word genius. Einstein was not always thought of as a genius, however. His unique intellectual abilities as a young boy created challenges for him in his everyday home and school life, but his sense of wonder paired with persistence and determination led him to be the successful prodigy people know him as today. Abraham Maslow’s humanistic approach of self-actualization provides significant explanation for Einstein’s behaviors and achievements throughout his life. Heredity and environment played vital roles in Einstein’s psychological development. Einstein’s parents and teachers observed his early childhood developmental delays and had doubts regarding his intelligence. His parents worried about his intellectual development...
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