...MUD08243876 Differences in cultural capital mark the differences between the classes” Pierre Bourdieu How do class, gender, sexuality or race work in relation to taste today? Using at least two key theorists discussed on the course, explain how ideas of taste are presented in any two media texts. The concept of good taste and class has always been a sensitive subject for those perceived as lacking enough taste or class to fit in the higher echelons of society. Historically, taste. class and it’s symbols have always been defined by the social elite. It was been incredibly difficult for outsiders to gain access to the knowledge that ensured the ruling class were in a position to define taste for the rest of the population. There has however always been a drive in the lower classes to earn acceptance and even entry to the higher class of society. This drive has been a major factor to the success of capitalism, giving birth to mass production and economic well fare. Renowned french sociologist Pierre Bourdieu theorised on cultural, social and symbolic values in order to analyze what constituted taste and class. (Swartz, David. 1997) Bourdieu believed that if one possessed a great deal of cultural capital (knowledge of the arts, language or artistic flair) one would be perceived as a higher class than someone without the same knowledge. Bourdieu argues that all members of society exist in a multidimensional social space:...
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...The Count of Monte Cristo is set just before the Hundred Days War and during the reign of King Louis. Dumas’ found inspiration for the novel from his acquaintance with Jerome Bonaparte’s son, whom Dumas’ took on educational trips, during one of those trips he saw the deserted island of Monte Cristo, and quickly resolved to write a novel about it. A huge inspiration for Dumas’ was the true story of Pierre Picaud, who lived in Paris in 1807. He was engaged to a woman, was soon to be married, when four of his jealous friends made false accusations against him as being a spy for England. He was imprisoned for seven years and befriended, who left him a great treasure in Milan. In 1814, upon Picaud’s release, he spent ten years plotting revenge against his former. At his death, Picaud had related his life story to Jacques Peuchet, which was published in a newspaper. The fact that Picaud stayed in seven years is not really too shocking – many political prisoners were forgotten about, though they normally stayed for only a year. The Count of Monte Cristo is an adventure novel about a young man name Edmond Dantes, who is betrayed for many reasons of jealousy and in the end receives his vengeance. The story begins in 1815; Dantes is promoted to captain of the ship, Pharaon, and is engaged to Merecedes. One of his fellow shipmates becomes jealous of his promotion and Mercedes cousin is jealous for her love for Dantes. Both the men get together to frame Dantes as one of Napoleon’s agents...
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...Chanel ------------------------------------------------- World War II In 1939, at the beginning of World War II, Chanel closed her shops, maintaining her apartment situated above the couture house at 31 rue Cambon. She claimed that it was not a time for fashion.[18] Three thousand female employees lost their jobs.[39] The advent of war had given Chanel the opportunity to retaliate against those workers who, lobbying for fair wages and work hours, had closed down her business operation during the general labor strike in France in 1936. In closing her couture house, Chanel made a definitive statement of her political views. Her violent loathing of Jews, inculcated by her convent years and sharpened by her association with society elites had solidified her beliefs. She shared with most of her circle the conviction that Jews were a Bolshevik threat to Europe.[39] During the German occupation Chanel resided at the Hotel Ritz, which was also noteworthy for being the preferred place of residence for upper echelon German military staff. Her romantic liaison with Hans Günther von Dincklage, a German officer who had been an operative in military intelligence since 1920,[40] facilitated her arrangement to reside at the Ritz.[41] World War II, specifically the Nazi seizure of all Jewish-owned property and business enterprises, provided Chanel with the opportunity to gain the full monetary fortune generated by "Parfums Chanel" and its most profitable product, Chanel No. 5. The directors...
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...Sociology November 15th 56 Up Throughout a lifetime, one may not realize all the changes that take place; however, Michael Apted managed to record the many changes an individual goes through and turn it in to his documentary, 56 Up. This documentary is about the lives of the same group of people over the course of 56 years. The interviews started when they were 7, and then they continued every seven years. The final interview takes place when they are all 56 years old. 56 Up contains many sociological terms, such as the various types of social mobility. To begin, one sociological term used in this documentary is social mobility. 56 Up represents many of the types of mobility with the subjects. First, Sue shows intragenerational mobility. Sue is a woman who at 56 works in the administration department of a big university in London, despite never going to college. Typically, women with no education are in a lower class; however, Sue moved up within her lifetime, which demonstrates intragenerational mobility. Along with this, Sue experienced vertical mobility. Sue experienced vertical mobility within her job changes. Her part time jobs were viewed as lower than her administrative job now. Paul, on the other hand, started in a lower class. He lived in a children’s home and never went to college. His daughter, Katie, was the first in the family to ever attend a university. This shows intergenerational mobility because going to college and getting a good education could lead...
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...COMMUNITY INTERVENTION FOR DENTAL CARIES Community Intervention for Dental Caries Avril James-Hurt MPH 607: Community Health Analysis Benedictine University Professor Uche S. Onwuta Background Rural Healthcare Disparities The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (2010) defines rural as a twofold concept: “micropolitan statistical area” of 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants and “noncore statistical area”, which is smaller than a micropolitan area. Despite 25 percent of Americans live in rural communities, they have unique healthcare concerns; “Compared with urban Americans, rural residents have higher poverty rates… tend to be in poorer health, have fewer doctors, hospitals, and other health resources, and face more difficulty getting to health services” (AHRQ, 2010, p. H-10). The AHRQ (2010) explains further, “Residents of micropolitan areas had worse access to care for 50% of access measures. Residents of noncore areas had worse access to care for about 40% of access measures” (p. H-11). Rural children suffer health the aforementioned disparities; more than 30 percent of young children in the rural southern United States are poor. Due to their developing bodies; younger children are especially vulnerable to negative health outcomes. Childhood health problems can persist into adulthood. McKenzie, Pinger, & Kotecki (2008) explain it is difficult for unhealthy children to learn. Early childhood poverty is correlated with fewer years of completed matriculation...
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...In our selection from Bourdieu’s The Economy of Practices we are presented with an extremely insightful analysis of social classification. We are also afforded with a more explicit rendering of the mysterious habitus. Bourdieu explains that the habitus is both structured and structuring. We internalize the divisions inherent in the social order and then reproduce them through our acts of perceiving, thinking, and acting in the world. Bourdieu emphasizes both that we cannot really become conscious of the habitus and that it operates on a symbolic plane. Habitus is that which connects bodily inputs and bodily outputs. According to Bourdieu taste is a product of the habitus. Taste functions as a system of classificatory schemes. Taste, and not money, is the mechanism by which symbolically significant distinctions are made, although the amount of money one has will to a large extent determine his/her tastes. Bourdieu notes that our tastes are formed as a direct result of what is available to us. We come to desire that which we can have. If more is available to you, you will come to like only what is within your grasp but is beyond the reach of others. Oppositions in taste coincide with oppositions in class. Bourdieu supports this point by offering data on the variance of taste among different social classes. He focuses on food, culture, self-presentation, and sports. In all of these arenas symbolic classification is being carried out, and all of these arenas are explicitly tied...
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...Bourdieus theory of taste According to Bour- dieu, different social classes distinguish themselves from each other through displays of cultural capital or taste. For Bourdieu, the social world consists of various, semi-autonomous fields (such as the field of politics, arts, education or religion) in which actors draw on a range of resources as a way of competing for status (symbolic capital). These resources may be economic, social or cultural. Habitus is defined as: . . . systems of durable, transposable dispositions, structured structures predisposed to function as structuring structures, that is, as principles which generate and organise practices and representations that can be objectively adapted to their outcomes without presupposing a conscious aiming at ends or an express mastery of the operations necessary in order to attain them. (Bourdieu, 1990a: 53) Moreover, he uses the concept of ‘practice’ as a way of injecting notions of accomplishment, strategy and skill into objective structural assumptions about power and class. In his discussion of cultural lifestyle and taste, Bourdieu set out implicitly to repudiate the Kantian approach to aesthetics which suggested that high cultural objects had some kind of intrinsic quality and worth and that aesthetic judgement was somehow ‘disinterested’. Rather, he wanted to show that cultural taste was socially structured and reflected an individual’s position in the social hierarchy. Cultural capital may be...
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...rather than be educated in secret. She then devised a plan to continue her education. Because her older sister, Bronia, aspired to be a doctor, Marie suggested that if she pay for Bronia’s education, then Bronia could in turn pay for hers after getting the required degree to be a doctor. Bronia agreed. After years of working as a governess to pay off her sister’s tuition, Marie made it into school herself, and the prejudice halted when she became one of the first women to obtain a degree in both physical and mathematical sciences. Marie’s greatest tragedy yet was about to occur. She married French scientist and professor Pierre Curie in 1895, only one year after meeting him. Their bond had become increasingly strong between the year they met and the year they married, and continued to do so for years after. Unfortunately, however, all things must end. Pierre passed away in 1906 after being struck by a horse-drawn truck. Marie, already in a melancholy state of mind, was left in a deep state of depression, which she combated by throwing herself into her work. It is obvious that, just as any regular person, Marie Curie had faults and fumbles along her way to greatness. These terrible events and circumstances, however, helped mold her into the independent woman of science and discovery that she became. ...
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...her research. Yet another setback faced by Curie was her rejection from France’s Academie des Sciences; moreover, it is believed she was rejected for being a woman. Marie Curie is credited with the discovery of two natural elements: polonium and radium. Along with her husband, Pierre, she began examining minerals with uranium, and minerals with pitchblende. They discovered that the minerals containing pitchblende had up to four times as much radioactivity as pure uranium. They decided this must mean there were other radioactive elements in the mineral; consequently, they announced their discovery of a new radioactive element named for Marie’s home country of Poland: polonium. Just five months after this announcement, the Curies announced the discovery of another element which they called radium. She concluded that, if her earlier results relating the quantity of uranium to its activity were correct, then these two minerals must contain small quantities of some other substance that was far more active than uranium itself.(Skwarzec) These events led to Marie’s partial win of the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics; in fact, Marie was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize. Just three years later, however, Pierre Curie was killed in a carriage accident. Marie continued her research, filling Pierre’s position to become the first female professor at the Sorbonne. In 1911, Curie went on to receive her second Nobel Prize, this time for Chemistry, for her work with polonium and radium. Curie...
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...Marie Curie has had so many successes and struggles in her life. She has made some amazing discoveries and has not been afraid to express her opinions and change the world. Marie along with her husband Pierre have discovered polonium, radium, and the possibilities of uranium. “Have no fear of perfection; you’ll never reach it.”- Marie Curie (Google). Marie curie never worried about how good the experiment was Marie Curie discovered polonium, radium, discovered possibilities of uranium and took responsible risks to innovate crating new things and helping people in need, and illuminated the war by her willingness and discoveries. Marie Curie had a huge impact on the field of science. Marie Curie (along with her husband Pierre...
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...John A Macdonald was the architect of Confederation and had a vision of what Canada should look like and wouldn’t stop until he made it a reality. He showed this throughout his actions such as the 1867 Confederation, building the Canadian Pacific Railway as well as expanding Canada by buying Rupert’s Land. John A Macdonald spent over half of his lifetime dedicated to being a politician. Because of this it made him immensely skilled and is the reason he was better than other Politicians such as Cartier and Brown. Throughout Canadian History John A Macdonald proved that he made the greatest impact on the Confederation. John A Macdonald was a key figure in making the 1867 Confederation possible, which to many modern day Canadians consider the founding date of Canada. He set up Charlottetown Conference to meet with the Maritime colonies to convince them to join Canada. John A Macdonald’s emphasized the importance of having one government overlook Canada as whole. At this time, there was an American Civil War going on and many Canadians feared that the US military would try to take over Canada. John A Macdonald used this to his advantage, he argued that if Canada was joined as one the United States would not try go after them. These actions by John A Macdonald showed how skilled of a politician he was. He was very experienced and was always involved with the government; he was elected at the age of 29 years old to the Legislative Assembly and was part of the government until he...
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...Marie has prided herself in an outpatient facility that she started years prior. She has built her client base by taking extended hours and taking on clients that other colleagues weren’t able to take due to their work load. Marie’s hard work is appreciated by her colleagues and their careers are thriving due to the effort Marie has put into the outpatient facility. Currently, Marie has been exposing behaviors of seeming “not present” and “disengaged”. Marie’s colleagues have noticed the behaviors as they have progressively become worse. Ultimately, her colleagues are worried but do not discuss the matter with Marie due to her status as a supervisor. Marie’s Colleagues Marie’s colleagues have witnessed a change in Marie that they possibly feel could be affecting her clients. The issue is that Marie’s fellow colleagues feel that they can’t approach the situation with her because she is the boss. Marie’s colleagues are not doing the right thing by being quiet about the situation. Marie and her clients should be of the utmost importance for the fellow employees in that it is ethical to ensure services are being conducted appropriately. Marie is possibly experiencing impairment that could affect her clients. According to the American Counseling Association Code of Ethics C.2.g; “Counselors monitor themselves for signs of impairment from their own physical, mental, or emotional problems and refrain from providing professional services when impaired.” (2014, p.9). The harm it would...
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...of your own government had the power to arrest you without reason or evidence. The War Measures Act did just that. The WMA was put in place on November 5, 1970 during the October Crisis. It was first created in 1914 during WWI. During this period two people were kidnapped, James Cross and Pierre Laporte by the terrorist group, the Front de Libération du Québec (FLQ). Pierre Trudeau’s controversial response of installing the WMA caused chaos across Canada, specifically Quebec. It caused a state of apprehended insurrection where people were arrested without evidence. Implementing the act was out of fear for the unknown. It is compared as a “sledgehammer opening a peanut.” Approximately 500 people were arrested in the WMA. By examining...
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... Lester B. Pearson was a true Canadian leader through his leadership as Prime Minster and also through serving Canada during wartime. Pearson was the Prime Minster of Canada beginning in April 2nd. 1963, and resigned in 1968. Throughout his role of Prime Minster, Pearson was first hand involved with establishing a sense of Canadian nationalism and internationalism that made Canada stronger and helped distinguish Canada separately from other countries. With Pearson as prime minster Canada at this time was seen as a strong bicultural country. A country that was moving toward as one great nation and other countries were taking notice. Lester Pearson was the son of Annie and Methodist minister, Edwin Pearson. The Pearson’s resided in Aurora Ontario. Lester attended the University of Toronto after graduating public school. In 1914, as World War one began, Pearson enlisted with the University of Toronto as a volunteer medical orderly. After two years Pearson decided to transfer to the Royal Flying Corps, which is known today as, the Royal Canadian Air Force. When Pearson returned home from World War One, he attended the University of Toronto and accomplished his bachelor of arts; he then won a fellowship from Oxford University for business and law. By the end of the 1920’s Pearson had established his career in politics, with the department of External affairs, which is now known as Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development. This led Pearson to move, to the United States of America...
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...From the surface, when we think of Canadian culture compared to United States culture; we perceive them to be one in the same. However, there are very distinct differences in their culture and business. Canada’s communication patterns are low key. Reserve, understatement, diplomacy and tact are key attributes and contrast sharply with the more direct approach of many Americans (Business Structures in Canada and Doing Business in Canada, n.d.). According to Global Road Warrior (n.d.), Canadians prefer a direct approach and value building long-term business relationships. They may discuss and negotiate the terms of a contract, but they prefer to receive direct information pertaining to their costs and other conditions. In a Canadian organization team members have the power to make decisions, and management is more of a collaborative effort than a hierarchy. In management style, Canadian managers are not expected to manage in an authoritarian or paternalistic manner but are, nonetheless, expected to be decisive. Management style could be characterized as informal and friendly with managers preferring to be seen as one of the guys, rather than as an aloof figure who stands apart from everybody else (Business Structures in Canada and Doing Business in Canada, n.d.). Canadians also value time and efficiency. Once a contract is agreed upon they prefer not to change the terms. Canadians generally believe that authority can be challenged. This could be a potential issue especially...
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