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Pioneer Petroleum Corporation

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ADMINISTRACION BANCARIA
Antes de hablar sobre lo que es la administración bancaria debemos saber, los que son los bancos y de que se encargan. Las actividades de los bancos dan origen a las operaciones bancarias, que estas se clasifican en fundamentales y accesorias. La actividad bancaria es doble: intermedia y directa, de la cual la mas importante es la intermediaria.
Decimos que la actividad intermediaria, aquella actividad o acción que realizan los bancos para captar recursos disponibles en el mercado para dedicarlos con fines de inversión o de consumo. Estos recursos captados en el mercado para dedicarlos con fines de inversión o de consumo. Estos recursos captados en el mercado pueden ser internos o externos, dependiendo de la procedencia de los mismos.
Los principales recursos internos son los depósitos bancarios, y los principales recursos externos son aquellos provenientes de los mercados de capitales exteriores.
Mediante la actividad directa los bancos intervienen los fondos provenientes de su capital y reservas.
Propósitos Y Problemas De La Administración Bancaria,
Los bancos comerciales son instituciones de créditos que tratan de obtener un beneficio para sus accionistas, y, al mismo tiempo, organismos dotados del poder de crear dinero, porque las partidas de sus pasivos consistentes en depósitos son dineros (depósitos a la vista) o cuasi-dinero (depósitos de ahorros y a plazo).
Con respecto a la capacitación de recursos a través de los depósitos bancarios, los bancos comerciales han de hacer frente a un problema de liquidez más agudo que el que se le plantea a las restantes instituciones privadas de crédito.
La primera tarea de la dirección de un banco es cumplir los requisitos de la reserva legal y estar preparado para hacer frente a los retiros de depósitos. Los bancos tienen que estar preparados para satisfacer las peticiones de dinero de sus clientes sin discusión alguna y por lo tanto tener monedas y billetes en sus bóvedas de seguridad.
Naturalmente, algunos clientes están depositando dinero mientras que otros lo están retirando, de modo que la mayoría de las extracciones pueden ser atendidas con el dinero depositado el mismo día. Pero los depósitos y las extracciones jamas se equilibran exactamente. Cuando las extracciones de dinero se sobre pasan los depósitos, el banco hace los pagos con su reserva en efectivo en bóveda.
Las operaciones de los bancos dan origen a las operaciones bancarias, que operaciones se clasifican en fundamentales y accesorias. La operación bancaria es doble intermediaria y directa de la cual la más importante es la operación intermedia.
Desde tres punto de vista podemos considerar los bancos y sus operaciones en lo económico en su primer aspecto es materia de la ciencia bancaria, en el segundo del derecho bancario y en el tercero de la operaciones bancaria.
Los bancos tienden a satisfacer operaciones reales y positivas a las exigencias sociales y políticas, no solo del presente sino también del porvenir.
La técnica bancaria contribuye a la solución de los múltiples problemas que surgen de las operaciones de los bancos y presta importante servicio al desarrollo del derecho bancario, porque: suministra el elemento practico indispensable para las operaciones de la norma jurídica aplicable a la materia bancaria.
Los bancos comerciales son operaciones que conceden crédito con cargo a fondo propios o a fondos que han tomado en préstamo o han creado.
Los bancos comerciales son operaciones de crédito que tratan de obtener un beneficio para sus accionistas y al mismo tiempo organismos dotados del poder de crear dinero porque las partidas de su pasivo consistente en depósitos de dinero, depósitos a la cuasi-dinero, de ahorros y a largo plazo.
Los bancos comerciales tienen una doble operación:
Intermediaria cuando obtienen recursos disponibles en el mercado para utilizarlo en sus operaciones crediticias.
Directa cuando intervienen los dos que provienen de los aportes de capital de sus accionistas.
Las operaciones fundamentales se clasifican en activas y pasivas:
Operaciones activas son aquellas por medio de las cuales la banca comercial invierte el dinero que obtiene en el mercado y por medio de estas se constituyen en acreedores de sus clientes.
Operaciones pasivas son aquellas mediante el cual la banca comercial obtiene los recursos disponibles en el mercado y por medio de estas se constituyen en deudores de sus clientes.
Administración de los bancos
Banco es toda sociedad anónima especial autorizada en forma prescrita por la ley general de bancos.
La ley en su Art.43 dice: La dirección y administración de las empresas bancaria se ejercitaran en conformidad a las disposiciones legales que rijan la materia, a los estatutos de cada banco y con sujeción a las normas impartidas por el superintendente.
La ley contempla diversas normas relativas al sistema de administración de los bancos, la mayoría de las cuales se han incorporado a las normas e instrucciones que ha impartido la superintendencia de bancos e instituciones financieras.
En la primera junta de accionistas se elegirá el directorio que deberán comunicarse y reducirse a escrita publica los nombramientos de gerente general y subgerente general, publicada en un periódico del domicilio de la empresa y en conocimiento de la superintendencia.
El directorio celebrara sesión ordinaria por lo menos una vez al mes y sesión extraordinaria cuando lo necesiten, todos los acuerdos que adopte se consignaran en el acta respectiva.
Los directorios de los bancos estarán compuestos por un mínimo de cinco y un máximo de once directores titulares y, en todo caso, por un numero impar además podrán tener hasta dos directores suplentes. Los directores duraran tres años en su cargo y podrán ser reelegidos. Para rebajar el numero de directores deberán obtener autorización de la superintendencia.
No podrá una persona desempeñar, a la vez, el cargo de director y de empleado del mismo banco. Esta disposición no obsta para que un director desempeñe en forma transitoria y por no mas de noventa días el cargo de gerente.
El miembro del directorio que, sin permiso de éste, dejare de concurrir a sesiones durante un lapso de tres meses cesara en su cargo por esa sola circunstancia.
La junta de accionistas son todos los accionistas o dueños del banco , que se reúnen cuando cita el directorio para conocer el estado del balance o rentabilidad que ha obtenido el banco.
El gerente es el responsable de administrar el banco en el sentido de acatar, elaborar al interior de la institución, las estrategias que lleven a maximizar la rentabilidad del banco que le exige el directorio.
El gerente del directorio, en cada sesión ordinaria que celebre, deberá dar a conocer todos los créditos concedidos desde la reunión anterior, con los antecedentes que los justifiquen y demás informaciones que solicite el directorio. Se agrega que, en la misma oportunidad deberá dar cuenta de toda adquisicisión o enajenación de bienes muebles o inmuebles, acciones valores mobiliarios.
Los bancos tienen un firme compromiso con la transparencia y por tomar las debidas precauciones para salvaguardar los intereses de accionistas, clientes y empleados. Por esta razón, existen numerosas instancias para velar por el buen gobierno corporativo, fomentar un clima de control interno y asegurar el cumplimiento de la normativa vigente. Siguiendo la misma línea, la Institución cuenta con un Directorio compuesto por profesionales de probada idoneidad e independencia y que en su mayoría son altos ejecutivos con una gran formación. Junto con participar activamente en el Directorio, también forman parte de diversos comités que les permiten involucrarse y conocer en detalle la gestión del Banco.

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