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Planet Earth

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Submitted By miki119
Words 1435
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9/18/12

Oct 2nd first exam!

Continental crust: felsic (has most silica), less dense
Oceanic crust: mafic, more dense

Deep in earth crust you’ll find Diorite.
Closer to the surface of the continental crust you’ll find Granite.

In earth Mantle: Peridotite, Garnet Peridotite, both are iron rich.

Seismic Waves:
P Wave: can travel through molten iron (outer core) S wave: cant travel through outer core

Outer Core: liquid, iron and nickel
Inner Core: solid, iron and nickel

-Increase in P-wave velocity and increase in density

-Keep in mind: Moho

Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas

Plate Tectonics: Unifying theory of geology developed in 1960’s, outer layer of Earth’s crust (lithosphere, lito = rock)consists of separate plates that move around. Explains locations of: earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain belts

Antonio Snider-Pelleginer: says its all together (the plate)

Alfred Wegener(1880-1930): first proposed the Hypothesis of Continetal drift: The Origin of the Continents and Oceans (1915)

**What evidence supported Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis?** 1. Obvious fit of continents 2. Evidence for the distribution of glaciers a. Glaciation (260-280 Ma) Striations: direction, till deposits: perimeter. If continents were connected, one large ice cap explains these observations.
Climate belts from ancient environments seem to match across continents. 3. Distribution of fossils a. Each continent has unique assemblage of terrestrial species b. “Isolated” by large ocean basins
-Mesosaurus, freshwater reptile lived ~286 Ma, lived in South America and Africa at the same time.
c. Otherwise, fossil distribution must be explained by migrations across land bridges

4. Alignment of ancient mountain belts and rock type

Evidences support Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis: 1. Fit of

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