...03-Klassen-4641.qxd 4/1/2005 6:06 PM Page 135 3 PLANNING AND CONTROL O ffering desirable customer service at a reasonable cost requires an efficient flow of materials and services while simultaneously managing the organization’s resources that direct and transform these flows. Effective planning and coordination ensures that all resources required to deliver services or produce goods are available in the right quantity and quality at the right time. Such planning and coordination, however, is often very complex. For example, a typical manufacturer is required to track hundreds or thousands of raw materials, components, and subassemblies for effective production. In a similar way, a service provider must ensure the appropriate employees and range of necessary materials are available to fill the needs of multiple market segments, often on very short notice. Effective internal planning and control represents the fundamental “block and tackling” underlying an organization’s efficient and effective operations. Operations planning and control is the second of the foundational blocks that contribute to the management of broader operational systems (see Figure 3.1). Forecasting customer demand based on a wide range of business factors is one critical input. Planning for operations then must cover both the long-term planning horizon for overall capacity and process-related resources, such as facilities, equipment, and personnel, as well as detailed schedules to match...
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...Air traffic control: a world-class juggling act case exercise Air traffic controllers have one of the most stressful jobs in the world. They are responsible for the lives of thousands of passengers who fly every day in and out of the worlds airports. Over the last 15 years, the number of planes in the sky has doubled, leading to congestion at many airports and putting air traffic controllers under increasing pressure. The controllers battle to maintain separation standards that set the distance between planes as they land and take off. Sheer volume pushes the air traffic controllers skills to limit. Jim Courtney, an air traffic controller at LaGuardia Airport in New York, says: there are half a dozen moments of sheer terror in each year when you did something else for a living. New York – the worlds busiest airspace The busiest airspace in the world is above New York. Around 7500 planes arrive and depart each day at new yorks three airports, John F. Kennedy , LaGuardia and Newark. The three airports form a triangle around Newyork and are just 15 miles from each other. This requires careful coordination of traffic patterns, approach and take-off routes, using predetermined corridors in the sky to keep the planes away from each others. If the wind changes, all three airports work together to change the flight paths. Sophisticated technology fitted to most of the bigger planes creates a safety zone around the aircaraft so that when two aircrafts...
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...PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL Assignment A Marks 10 Answer all questions. 1. a) Explain the forecasting process? What are the techniques for monitoring forecasts? b) Explain various forecasting models. a) A planning tool that helps management in its attempts to cope with the uncertainty of the future, relying mainly on data from the past and present and analysis of trends. Forecasting starts with certain assumptions based on the management's experience, knowledge, and judgment. Qualitative & Quantitative techniques are the two techniques used for monitoring forecasts. b) There are two types of forecasting models which are : Time Series Models Causal Models or Associative Models 2. a) What is aggregate production plan? What are the pure strategies for APP? a) Aggregate production planning refers to the process of deciding the overall quantities of products to be manufactured or produced in a plant or other manufacturing facility during a medium term planning period such as a month, or a quarter. The aggregate plan output consist of the total quantities of each product or a group of product to be manufactured in the plan period of going into details of scheduling of different manufacturing activities required to achieve the planned production levels. The aggregate production will also not specify details such as the dates when material ordered against individual customer...
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...1.0 Introduction The manufacturing planning and control (MPC) system is concerned with arranging and controlling all parts of assembling, including overseeing materials, booking machines and individuals, and planning suppliers and customers. Since these activities change after some time and react contrastingly to various markets and organization strategies, this assignment provides a model to assessing reactions to changes in the competitive environment Bower, (2006). We believe that the advancement of an effective manufacturing planning and control system is vital to the accomplishment of any merchandise producing company. In addition, truly effective MPC system coordinate supply chains, joint efforts across company limits. Manufacturing planning and control (MPC) system have existed subsequent to the earliest days of the industrial revolution. To look on historical point of view, it is useful to look at the development of these systems. Five major stages were included: 1. Reorder Point System (ROP) 2. Materials Requirement Planning System (MRP) 3. Manufacturing Resource Planning System (MRP) 4. Manufacturing Execution System (MES) 5. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) At the point when examined in detail, every stage represents the next logical step in manufacturing philosophy and technological innovation over the preceding stage. Maybe more than some other single factor, information technology has changed the basis of production economics by automating...
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...Budget For Planning and Control An integral part of the modern business enterprise, budgeting not only aids in the planning process, but it also provides an array of accounting measures that can be used to hold managers accountable for the firm's performance. By Richard Sansing A budget is a projected set of consequences of carrying out planned activity. Firms use budgets to facilitate the communication of specialized information from throughout the firm so that an internally consistent production plan can be devised. The budgeted numbers are then used to record certain transactions. Differences between budgeted and actual performance then appear in the accounting records, and can be analyzed so as to evaluate the performance of the firm. The budgeting process interacts with the operations research process in two ways. First, the budget process facilitates the transfer of both accounting and non-accounting information to those involved in operations. This information provides a basis for the formulation of the firm's production plan. Second, the budget reflects the production plan, and becomes a benchmark for subsequent performance evaluation. An analysis of deviations from the budget provides additional information that can be used when formulating the next period's production plan. The Planning Stage Feldman Toy Company makes two types of toys, regular and deluxe. Each toy requires the use of machine time in the production process. To illustrate the way the budget...
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...Jessica Ganyuma Audit Planning and Control Professor: August 23, 2015 Ernst & Young is an accounting firm founded by Arthur Young (1863-1948) and Alwin C Earnest ((1881- 1948). Alwin started Ernst and Ernst with his brother Theodore in 1903. Arthur formed his accounting firm with his brother Stanley named Arthur Young and Company in 1906. Both companies were a success and quickly emerge into the global marketplace. Around 1924 both firms “ allied with prominent British firms”( ). Ernst and Young never met one anther and died days of each other. Their firms combined in 1989 forming Ernst &Young. Ernst & Young provides audit, tax, business risk, technology and security risk services and human capital services worldwide. Ernst & Young is one of the “Big Four” accounting firms. The company has over 190,000 employees and operates in over 150 companies. There are steps in planning an audit and designing an effective audit program. When it comes to planning the auditor must first decide whether or not to accept a new client. The audior must identify “ whey the client wants or needs and audit” (p 209). The auditor must obtain an understanding with the firm about the terms of engagement to avoid any misunderstanding and the auditor must develop “an overall strategy for the audit, including engagemetnet staffing and any required audit specialists” (209). When it comes to designing an effective audit program the auditor...
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...Production planning control function The main functions of PPC are the coordination of all the activities, which exist during production or manufacturing. Materials : This function is concerned with ensuring that the Raw material, standard finished parts, finished parts of products must be available while starting the operation within the time. Methods : This function is concerned with the analysis of all methods of manufacturing and selecting the best appropriate method according to the given set of circumstances and facilities. Machines and Equipments: It is important that methods of manufacturing should to be related to the available production facilities coupled with a detail study of equipment replacement policy. This function is concerned with the detailed analysis of the production facilities, maintenance procedures and equipment policy. Routing: It refers to the flow of sequence of operation and processes to be followed in producing a particular finish product. It determines manufacturing operation and their sequence. Estimating: This function is concerned with estimation of operations time. The operation time can be worked Out once the overall method and sequence of operation is fixed and process sheet for each operation is available. Loading & Scheduling: It is important that machine should be loaded according to their capabilities performance the given and according to the capacity. It is concerned with preparation of machine loads and fixation...
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...Name: Professor’s name: Dr. Wright Course: AF 211 Accounting for Planning and Control Managers in making investment decisions are faced with the problem of limited resources. This, therefore, necessitates an understanding of the topic of capital budgeting. Capital budgeting is the process of determining and pursuing investments which cash flows are expected in the future period usually more than a year. It entails the decision on the acquisition of new assets or equipment that is to be utilized by the business to increase its future cash flows and profitability. Managers are, therefore, faced with the challenge of determining which project to invest in order to avert the adverse effect on the financial performance. In making investment decisions, various factors must be considered. Managers have to know that the success of the business entirely depends on how best the investments are analyzed before they are undertaken. First, capital budgeting requires large capital outlay (Dugdale 16). Most of the capital budgeting decisions require a large proportion of business funds. It, thus, implies that failure to make proper investment decisions will lead to losses for the organization. Secondly, investment decisions are irreversible. After deciding on what projects to invest in, managers will lack the ability to reverse their decisions, i.e., equipment once acquired cannot be easily disposed of. The managers must therefore be careful before settling on a particular investment...
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...Budget Planning and Control Anita Wright Professor Mohamed Gurey ACC556 – Financial Accounting for Managers December 11, 2015 Introduction A company I started working for a couple of months ago as a Finance manager is Home Depot. Since I own a home, I know how expensive it is to maintain. I do a lot of shopping there for various items and appreciate the reasonable prices as well as the valuable advice from my associates. The store has everything one could possibly need to help turn a house into a home. Also, during the holiday season you can find items that will make your home festive and cheerful. Home Depot was founded in 1978 by Bernie Marcus and Arthur Blank. Investment banker Ken Langone and merchandising guru Pat Farrah soon joined the founders in 1979 and that year, the first two Home Depot stores opened in Atlanta, GA (Our History, 2015). They were 60,000 square feet and stocked 25,000 items, much more than the average hardware store at that time. The vision for these stores was to have a place where the do-it-yourselfers could experience one-stop shopping for all of their home project needs (Our History, 2015). From the start, associates offer the best customer service in the industry. Not only do they go through rigorous product knowledge training, but they offer clinics to customers that want to learn to do it themselves (Our History, 2015). Today, with over 2200 stores, Home Depot has revolutionized the home improvement industry by bringing the...
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...Submission Date: 25-03-2014 Submission Time: 5:00PM Operations Planning & Control A Project On Operations at Nadikattu Cotton Industries [pic] Submitted to Mr.Syed Habeeb, School of Management, NIT Warangal. Submitted By Arjun S – 138906 Heeralal B - 138907 Asha Latha Balivada-138908 Suresh Bandaru-138909 Himaja-138910 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project report “Operations at Nadikattu Cotton Industries” submitted by Arjun S, Heeralal B, Asha Latha B, Suresh B and Himaja B students of “NIT WARANGAL” MBA 1st year, batch 2013-2015, bonafide work carried out by them. During their tenure at the project, they were found to be sincere and meticulous in their work. I appreciate their enthusiasm and dedication towards the work assigned to them. I am hopeful that they will prove to be a good professional and wish them grand success for the future. DATE: 25.03.2014 COURSE INSTRUCTOR: Syed Habeeb Faculty, NIT Warangal. INDEX ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION 6 1.1 PRODUCTION PROCESS 1.2 INVENTORY MANAGEMENT 2. ABOUT NADIKATTU COTTON INDUSTRIES 7 3. INFRASTRUCTURE 7 3.1 INFRASTRUCTURE AND QUALITY 3.2 FACT SHEET 3.3 NEWS 4. ENUMAMULA VILLAGE, WARANGAL 10 4.1 ABOUT ENUMAMULA 4.2 DEMOGRAPHICS OF ENUMAMULA 5. OPERATIONS AT NADIKATTU COTTON INDUSTRIES...
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...The rapid economical development and civilization progress, as well as technological innovation and globalization have encouraged the need for mgt control arising to give companies the opportunity of greater growth and expansion than what have been possible earlier. Since Weber's golden age, the strong belief in bureaucracies has been torn down. Burns & Stalker (1961) suggested that bureaucracies limited effectiveness and flexibility of post-industrial and fast-pace businesses. This reform in organizational structures has also exerted significant influence on the evolution of management control system (henceforth MCS). The development of the modern capitalism economy provides a rich experience base for discussing the concept of MCS and the methods of enabling the firm succeed in future. Management control can be understood as the complete package which steers the organization to its objectives while MCS can be described as a device which is employed to achieve the control. It is increasingly acknowledged that in order to be successful in the long-term, a company is required not only to achieve alignment in its current operations but also to adapt effectively to the changing environmental demands (Gibson & Birkinshaw, 2004; Raisch & Birkinshaw, 2008). In other words, future’s successful organisations are ambidextrous (Tushman & O’Reilly, 1996). It can offer some comprehensive understanding of MCS by studying how a company like Taiwan Moongod Lamp Co., Ltd.(henceforth TML), which...
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...TUGAS PERENCANAAN DAN PENGENDALIAN PRODUKSI ASSIGNMENT 2 A. Kalender Perusahaan Untuk Satu Tahun Kedepan |Januari 2013 | |21 | | | | |PRODUK A |PRODUK B |PRODUK C |PRODUK D | |1 |I |105 |113 |270 |405 | | |II |210 |225 |270 |405 | | |III |245 |263 |225 |338 | | |IV |140 |150 |135 |202.5 | |2 |I |113 |116 |279 |419 | | |II |225 |232 |279 |419 | | |III |263 |270 |233 |349 | | |IV |150 |155 |140 |209 | |3 |I |116 |124 |288 |431 | | |II |231 |249 |288 |431 | | |III |270 |290 |240 |359 | | ...
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...Introduction Action planning and performance control systems regulate the outputs of the organization unit and relate to the concept of coordination by standardization of outputs. Planning specifies the standard of desired outputs and control systems assess whether or not that standard has been achieved. Budgets, schedules, specifications are all plans. Budgets are plans that specify the costs of outputs, and schedules are plans that establish time frames for outputs. Specifications are plans that establish the quality of materials, workmanship and execution standards. Control systems, which are highly dependent on the use of effective information systems, regulate and measure the overall results. The planning and control systems provide further means of coordination through. (a) Performance control imposing general performance standards (b) Action planning, defining specific decisions, actions and schedules Action planning Planning is a process of determining the vision, mission, and goals of an organization and the strategies for achieving those goals. Moreover, this action plan should clearly spell out which employees will do what to help reach those goals in a timely manner. Having an action plan in place ensures that each employee in a company understands where their energy should be focused each day, regardless if that employee is a mail room worker, administrative assistant or the CEO of the company. It involves choosing a course...
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...The planning, organisation and control of a project is lengthy because of the many stages from inception to completion and handover. There are various stages and temporary infrastructure in construction which take the project from design to completion. Inception is the very first stage of a construction process, as this is where the client has a general outline/idea of the requirements and a plan for future action. It is at this stage that an architect is appointed and the client is given a briefing. The next stage is feasibility, where the client’s representative, architects and engineers will discuss the form in which the project is to proceed and whether it is feasible both functionally and financially. At this stage the architect will carry out studies of user requirements, planning and design costs in order to reach decisions to base the design. An outline proposal is developed by the architect in order to determine the general layout and design of the project. The purpose of this is to obtain approval by the client and develop the brief further in accordance with user requirements, planning, design and cost. The scheme design is the final design that is agreed with the client and the architect. The brief is fully developed and there is a full design drawn up by the architect. This is the design that is submitted to Building Regulations for approval. Engineers may also produce preliminary designs. After this point the brief should not be modified. The next stage...
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...The School of the Built Environment SUBMISSION OF COURSEWORK COVER SHEET Session 2011/12 This sheet should be TYPEWRITTEN or completed in BLOCK CAPITALS and submitted with each course assignment. PLEASE TICK UG PGT Surname Lammy Forename Student ID Programme e.g. BSc Quantity Surveying Year of study Course code (available on timetable) e.g. D17AA Lecturer Prince Arthur H00112430 Construction Project Management 2011 to2012 D39CC Andrew Jackson Coursework title Design Cost Planning and Control Coursework hand-in deadline (date specified for hand- in) June 22 2012 All students are advised to keep a duplicate copy of all work submitted for reference. DECLARATION I certify that this assignment is my original work expressed in my own words. Any reference made to the work of other authors in any form (eg ideas, figures, text, tables) are acknowledged at their point of use. Signature/s of student ……………………………… Date of submission: ……………………… Below this line for office use only ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… School of the Built Environment Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS Scotland UK Tel: 0131 449 5111 Fax: 0131 451 3161 Date Stamp Assignment: A high –level report, advising the client on the viability of the proposed project, a three storey Health Center, 4500 m2 Gross Floor Area (GFA). 1 Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3 BCIS Analysis Data………………………………………………………………………………………………………4...
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