...LESSON 8 PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL Abha Kumar STRUCTURE 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Introduction Objectives Production management Product design Design of production system 8.4.1 Types of production system 8.5 Manufacturing process 8.5.1 Types of manufacturing process 8.5.2 Factors affecting the choice of manufacturing process 8.6 Production planning and control 8.6.1 Benefits to small entrepreneur 8.6.2 Steps of production planning and control 8.7 Summary 8.8 Glossary 8.9 Self-Assessment Questions 8.10 Further Readings 8.0 INTRODUCTION After taking decisions about the type of business, its location, layout etc. the entrepreneur steps into the shoe of production manager and attempts to apply managerial principles to the production function in an enterprise. Production is a process whereby raw material is converted into semi finished products and thereby adds to the value of utility of products, which can be measured as the difference between the value of inputs and value of outputs. Production function encompasses the activities of procurement, allocation and utilization of resources. The main objective of production function is to produce the goods and services demanded by the customers in the most efficient and economical way. Therefore efficient management of the production function is of utmost importance in order to achieve this objective. 114 8.1 OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you should be able to • • • • • • • Describe the production function and...
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...marketing only with respect to the objectives of the marketer and his or her organization. Social marketing seeks to influence social behaviors not to benefit the marketer, but to benefit the target audience and the general society." This technique has been used extensively in international health programs, especially for contraceptives and oral rehydration therapy (ORT), and is being used with more frequency in the United States for such diverse topics as drug abuse, heart disease and organ donation. Like commercial marketing, the primary focus is on the consumer--on learning what people want and need rather than trying to persuade them to buy what we happen to be producing. Marketing talks to the consumer, not about the product. The planning process takes this...
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...Bellagio Casino and Resort 1. Briefly describe the objective(s), strategy and control problems faced in the organization. Bellagio Casino and Resort has its own challenges within the establishment of gaming, entertainment, conference, dining and accommodation products. One of its main objectives is to capture the high-end luxury clients who are looking for a holiday outing and features. These clients are out to spend, and this poses a great opportunity for Bellagio's strategy. Bellagio strategy focuses on diversification of the corporate business investing in a wide range of luxury products. The business unit competitive strategy design allows for low-cost pricing of the products and prices, presenting a competitive edge over the rest of the similar organizations. Some of the control problems that affect Bellagio are the pace of technological advancements in the entertainment and gaming industry. (Askew, 2011) The control challenges that face the organization include the political and economical climate within the local and international industry. Similar companies are venturing into the business posing the risk of completion within the market for suppliers, customers, and regulators. Bellagio faces the risk of high uncertainty in the casino business, and it is quite difficult to predict the optimal targets. [pic] Figure: Bellagio Casino and Resort Corporate Diversification Strategy 2. Describe contingent factors (as discussed in seminar 12) that are relevant in the...
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...RICKY WOOLF 1 Any Road, Anytown AN1 1CV Telephone: 01632 960 898 (Home); 07700 900 138 (Mobile) Email: rickywoolf@example.com PROFESSIONAL PROFILE A committed and proactive professional who specialises in the use of embedded design and programming techniques to develop creative and innovative robotic systems tailored towards specific project requirements. Quick to assimilate new ideas, concepts and cutting-edge technologies whilst demonstrating a logical and analytical approach to solving complex problems and issues. Able to work well on own initiative while demonstrating the organisation and prioritisation required to achieve tight deadlines and deliverables. A motivational and inspirational leader who enjoys being part of a successful and productive team, and thrives in highly pressurised and challenging working environments. OBJECTIVE Currently looking for a new and challenging position, one which will make best use of existing skills and experience while enabling further personal and professional development. EDUCATION AND QUALIFICATIONS MSc Embedded Systems and Robotics – Distinction (2003) Thesis: Compact Motion Tracking System for Human Rehabilitation BSc Computer Science with Robotics & Intelligent Machines – 2.1 (2002) Thesis: 2D Mapping Mobile Robots in Unstructured Environments College Courses Mathematics, Mechatronic Systems, Applied Dynamics and Electrical Control Theory KEY TECHNICAL SKILLS • Assembler, Embedded C, C++, Visual MFC...
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...Learning Legacy’s ‘goldmine of knowledge’ 知识的金矿kept by Cabinet Office内阁办公室 The future of an innovative industry resource designed to ensure that the lessons from the successful London 2012 construction programme are retained for other projects has been guaranteed. ODA的作用 The Olympic Delivery Authority’s (ODA) Learning Legacy website is packed with case studies and reports based around ten themes, promoting successes in areas including health and safety, sustainability, procurement, transport and project management. It comprises more than 300 papers put together by the ODA and its supply chain of companies from all over the UK, along with contributions from independent industry bodies and academics. When launched late last year, it marked the first time that a construction project in the UK had sought to capture knowledge on this scale. So far the website has been used by almost 43,000 people – with 35 per cent of visits coming from overseas. 网站赞助 Now the website will continue under the auspices of the Major Projects Authority (MPA), a partnership of the Cabinet Office, HM Treasury and other Departments with the aim of improving the delivery success rate of significant projects across central Government. 网站搬家 The relocation of the Learning Legacy website to a new permanent home from November fulfils a recommendation made by ODA Chairman Sir John Armitt in his report on London 2012’s business benefits, published before the Games began. 网站目的－保留经验 ODA director of venues...
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...practices of planning, leading, organizing, staffing, and controlling are implemented into the workplace. It will analyze the application of these management concepts to the workplace. Including specifics of how five functions are practiced in the workplace. Applying the five functions can only improve any business that is willing to accept changes. At the time it was not known that the Boutique was using the five functions. The course made it clear that the owner was utilizing the five functions and the contribution it will offer to the business when practiced during operation. MANAGEMENT PRACTICE Effective Management Practices in the Workplace A good, effective management practice to use in any workplace is the five functions: planning, leading, organizing, staffing, and controlling (Reilly, 2011). A successful workplace has to have a great staff working to help it move forward. A great leader (owner) will ensure that employees are organized, informed of the planning, leading, staffing, and controlling to reach the goals of the organization. Working in the clothing industry is tough so applying the five-functions in the workplace will work when it is applied properly. To be successful managers and owners need to know the five functions, and how to implement them into the workplace. Success will be reachable and achievable when all five functions are taken seriously and applied into the business as a team effort. The first function is planning; Owners and...
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...objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. But if we try to look from closer, Mothers are the best managers if one wants to learn from. Here I am taking example of my own mother. She is a doctor so she handles her hospital work and daily routine activities of my house. I have divided the activities performed by my mother on daily routine basis (weekdays) and tried to put them into management functionalities comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading /directing, and controlling our organization (in this case my house). All this is done by resourcing, encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources. |My Mother “The Best Manager” | |Time |Activity |Functionality |Learning | |0500-0530 Hrs |Waking up on time despite of |Planning |Time management | | |working late last night |Organising |Organisational commitment | | | |Leading |Consistency | | | | |Work dedication ...
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...Functions of Management Paper In my personal opinion Management plays a strong rule in Company’s performance. The most important responsibilities of management are to plan, organize, lead and control despite of their level or status. Below are the four most important functions of management. Planning Planning is the basic function of management. A manager must know their department goal in order to plan properly. A goal cannot be achieved if there is not any proper plan. Planning is deciding in advance how to do, when to do and what to do. A plan is a future action which tells you where we are and where we want to be. Proper planning helps management achieve their goals. It also, helps employees understand their rule and their manager’s expectations. A future goal cannot be accomplished if there is no plan. Planning plays a strong rule in management as it provides a solid goal to the rest of the team and it helps utilize of human and non-human resources. It is an excellent tool as it improves efficiency, reduce cost and reduce confusion. Based on my personal experience Company without proper plan cannot compete with other companies as it does not know what the company goal is, where the company stands and what needs to be done in order to achieve the goal and compete with other successful companies. Organizing In order to achieve organizational goals Management must bring financial and...
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...Currently, for enhancing the effectiveness of the management control supplemented by controlling system. Controlling is a collection of methods of strategic management, planning, accounting, analysis and control, aimed at the achievement of the goals. The controlling system of economic governance is widely used in developed countries. The need for the use of controlling one of the following reasons: 1) Increasing external instability Wednesday, causing increased requirements in the management of the Organization; 2) The need to increase the Organization's responsiveness to the changing external Wednesday; 3) The need for the Organization of the framework of action to ensure the survival of the Organization and to the avoidance of crises. The...
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...a very important part in the function of an organization. The management process operates within four functions. These four functions are critical for the management process to operate consistently. The following will explain the four functions of management and how they affect the industry that I am in. Planning The first function of the management process is planning. “Planning is specifying the goals to be achieved and deciding in advance the appropriate actions needed to achieve those goals.” (Bateman, 2009) One of the activities involved in planning is analyzing current and future situations. Planning also involves determining what objective the organization wants within these situations and what resources to allocate into completing these goals. Planning also provides strategic value by contributing to meeting the organizations goals. Strategic value is critical in planning the future of an organization. How planning affects my current organization Planning is a very important part in my current organization. Deciding which projects to bid and how many resources to put into acquiring projects requires planning. Once one of our projects is attained, planning is required in order to assess the manpower and resources needed to complete the objective. Strategizing our next move is critical in moving our business forward to the future. Organizing Organizing is the second function used in the management process. “Organizing is assembling and coordinating the human...
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...The Four Principal Functions of Management: Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling Matthew Daley 24 September 2011 MAN 3353 Tristan L. Davison Abstract All new or old organizations whether small or big need to run smoothly and achieve the goals and objectives. Organizations can develop and implement their own management concepts. Basically, there are only four management principles that would allow any organization to control the tactically planned and set decisions. The four principles of management are used, just to have a controlled plan over the preventive measure. These four principal functions of management are: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. What is normatively held as good management practice for a non-diversified firm? * Process of organizing * Functional organization * More centralized decision-making * Specialist viewpoint at the top * Less formalization of structure required * Less coordination and committee management * Process of planning * Simple long range planning, * High involvement of top management in planning * Less participative, * Heavily linked with the control function * Process of controlling * Concentrated at the top * More detailed at the top * Less use of exception principles * Organization of control centralized What is normatively held as good management practice for a diversified firm? * Process of organizing ...
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...According to L. A. Allen --- ‘’ Management is what a manager does’’. Manager: A manager is he who does various kinds of task and he has the power of supervise the employee to achieve the organizational goals & objectives. Various Managerial skills: Robert L Katz identifies three skills of managers:- (1) Technical skill. (2) Human skill. (3) Conceptual skill. Technical skill: Technical skill is the knowledge or ability of managers to use a process, technique, procedure or any specialized activities. Accounts engineers, surgeons all have their technical skills necessary for their respective professions. Most managers especially at the lower level and mid-level need technical skills for effective task performance. Technical skills are important especially for first line managers, who spend much of their time training subordinates &supervising their related problems. Human skill: Knowledge and ability to work with other people effectively to understand other people, to motivate other people both has individuals and groups. Managers spend much of their time interacting with people both inside and outside their organizations. We may recall here Mint berg’s explanation of how top (And middle) managers spend their time: 59 percent in meetings, 6 percent on the phone, and 3 percent no tours. All of these managerial activities involve other...
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...organizations continue to grow and develop, the fundamentals of management remain the same. The four functions of management include, 1. Planning 2. Organizing 3. Leading 4. Controlling. 1. Planning The first function in management is planning. According to McNamara (2008), examples of planning include: “strategic planning, business planning, project planning, staffing planning, advertising and promotions planning.” During the planning stage, management must first develop specific goals for the organization to achieve. Having set goals will ultimately keep an organization focused on mission accomplishment by knowing what they are working for. In addition to setting the goals for an organization, management must also consider in advance the necessary steps and resources required to achieve these goals. In order to properly plan out and take steps in the execution of organizational goals, one must consider the current and future objectives of the organization while developing strategies to overcome any obstacles that may arise. With a solid foundation built from proper planning, the next step is to start putting the plan into action. 2. Organizing The next function of management is organizing. This function in the management process involves assembling the resources needed in order to achieve the set goals from the planning process. When organizing, one must take into account the “human, financial, physical, informational,...
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...place? A manager as defined by course reading material ‘Meeting the Challenge: The Supervisor’s Job, Roles, Functions and Authority in Today’s Health Care Workplace’ is anyone in an organization who supports and is responsible for the work performance of one or more persons. Managers can have a variety of titles including supervisor, team leader, division head, administrator, vice president and more. The major functions that a manager completes can be categorized into four different functions known as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. For some of us, we only see the final two - leading and controlling - but you should know that for every managerial behavior you do see, there is an equal amount that you do not. Behind the manager's closed door, he or she spends a good deal of his or her time planning and organizing so that he or she can effectively carry out the functions of leading and controlling. Planning The first of the managerial functions is planning. In this step the manager will create a detailed action plan aimed at some organizational goal. Organizing The second of the managerial functions is organizing. This step requires the manager to determine how he/she will distribute resources and organize employees according to the plan. The manager will need to identify different roles and ensure that they assign the right amount of employees to carry out the plan. They will also need to delegate authority, assign work, and...
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...different types of business will dictate different job functions for a manager, all managers will have the same fundamental roles, planning, organizing, leading and controlling, in whatever functional area of business they are working. The most important role that a manager plays in any functional area of business is that of planning. Planning in a business involves setting goals and formulating strategies to meet those goals. Planning is necessary at any level of management and provides a roadmap for the organization to follow to meet the organizations goals in the most efficient manner. A manager is responsible for taking the goals of the organization and providing direction to the employees to meet the goals in the most efficient manner. Anticipating areas in the business that may hinder the organization from meeting its goals is a vital activity for managers and key to keeping employees productive. Proper planning will help to keep the business running efficiently and effectively and give purpose to the organization. (Thorn, 2012) Planning will reduce uncertainty as external forces that may affect the business have been taken into account during planning. Proper planning by management also clarifies what everyone does within the organization, and will help prevent overlapping activities to reach the goals that have been set. Planning for management is an ongoing role. As external factors affect the business, someitmes the plans that have been established need tobe...
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