...JFS R: Concise Reviews/Hypotheses in Food Science Food Packaging—Roles, Materials, and Environmental Issues KENNETH MARSH, PH.D., AND BETTY BUGUSU, PH.D. The Institute of Food Technologists has issued this Scientific Status Summary to update readers on food packaging and its impact on the environment. Keywords: food packaging, food processing dvances in food processing and food packaging play a primary role in keeping the U.S. food supply among the safest in the world. Simply stated, packaging maintains the benefits of food processing after the process is complete, enabling foods to travel safely for long distances from their point of origin and still be wholesome at the time of consumption. However, packaging technology must balance food protection with other issues, including energy and material costs, heightened social and environmental consciousness, and strict regulations on pollutants and disposal of municipal solid waste. Municipal solid waste (MSW) consists of items commonly thrown away, including packages, food scraps, yard trimmings, and durable items such as refrigerators and computers. Legislative and regulatory efforts to control packaging are based on the mistaken perception that packaging is the major burden of MSW. Instead, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found that approximately only 31% of the MSW generated in 2005 was from packaging-related materials, including glass, metal, plastic, paper, and paperboard—a percentage that has remained relatively...
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...greatest, most extraordinary, plastic waste tide ever faced. Washed out on the coasts in obvious and clearly visible form, the plastic pollution display obviously seen on the beaches is only the preface of the greater story that unfolded further away in the world’s oceans, yet mostly originating from where people stand: the land. In 2008, our global plastic consumption worldwide has been estimated at 260 million tons, and, according to a 2012 report by Global Industry Analysts, plastic consumption is to reach 297.5 million tons by 2015. Plastic is versatile, lightweight, flexible, moisture resistant, strong, and relatively inexpensive. Those are the attractive qualities that lead us, around the world, to such a voracious appetite and over-consumption of plastic goods. However, durable and very slow to degrade, plastic materials that are used in the production of so many products all, ultimately, become waste with staying power. Our tremendous attraction to plastic, coupled with an undeniable behavioral propensity of increasingly over-consuming, discarding, littering and thus polluting, has become a combination of lethal nature. Plastic bags are in use by consumers worldwide since the 1960’s, (Mc Kinley, 2010). These bags are sometimes called single-use bags, referring to carrying items from a store to a home. Open bags with carrying handles are used in large numbers worldwide. Stores often provide them as a convenience to shoppers. The number of plastic bags used worldwide has been...
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...a CarbonNeutral® printer registered to EMAS and with ISO14001 environmental management system accreditation. find out more online Our website www.rexam.com contains a full interactive version of the 2011 annual report. It also contains annual reports from previous years (back to 1999) as well as investor presentations, publications and other material on Rexam, its markets and business. 1 4 6 7 8 9 chairman’s statement who we are what we make where we operate how we performed in 2011 business review 16 market review 20 operating review 26 financial review 34 key risks sustainability This section provides a review of our sustainability performance in 2011. It explains our approach to and progress in this area, and details our commitments, measures and targets going forward. 44 products 47 operations 49 people governance 54 directors and officers 56 corporate governance 69 remuneration report 81 other disclosures governance We introduce our board and explain why a strong sense of governance and compliance is imperative in every area of our operations. We give details of the Company’s remuneration principles and policy which complement the Group’s strategic vision. business review 12 chief executive’s review (including KPIs) 86 Rexam PLC consolidated financial statements 2011 financial statements directors’ report Our chief executive outlines how we performed against...
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...CONTENTS * INTRODUCTION * HISTORY * TYPES * APPLICATIONS * ADVANTAGES * DIS-ADVANTAGES * TOP PCBs MANUFACTURERS IN INDIA * MATERIALS USED IN MANUFACTURING PCBs * MANUFACTURING PROCESS * SOLDER RESIST * TEST * PROTECTION AND PACKAGING * Case Based Assignment TOPIC:- Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Submitted To:- Submitted By:- Harneek sani Group members Suraj kumar sahni (A 36) Sumeet jha (B 21) Aaditya baidwan (A 11) Section – JE101 Introduction A printed circuit board, or PCB, is used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks or signal traces etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. It is also referred to as printed wiring board(PWB) or etched wiring board. Printed circuit boards are used in virtually all but the simplest commercially produced electronic devices. A PCB populated with electronic...
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...Table of Contents I. II. III. History of the Envelope An Overview of Envelope Beginnings Introduction to the Envelope Envelope Construction and Types Standard Sizes and How They Originated The Beginning of Size Standardization Envelope Construction, Seams and Flaps 1. Seam Construction 2. Glues and Flaps V. Selecting the Right Materials 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. VI. VII. VIII. IX. Paper & Other Substrates Window Film Gums/Adhesives Inks Envelope Storage Envelope Materials and the Environment The Paper Industry and the Environment IV. Talking with an Envelope Manufacturer How to Get the Best Finished Product Working with the Postal Service Finding the Information You Need Final Thoughts Glossary of Terms 1 Forward – The EMA Guide to Envelopes & Mailing The envelope is only a folded piece of paper yet it is an important part of our national communications system. The power of the envelope is the power to touch someone else in a very personal way. The envelope has been used to convey important messages of national interest or just to say “hello.” It may contain a greeting card sent to a friend or relative, a bill or other important notice. The envelope never bothers you during the dinner hour nor does it shout at you in the middle of a television program. The envelope is a silent messenger – a very personal way to tell someone you care or get them interested in your product or service. Many people purchase envelopes over the counter and have never stopped to think about...
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...An Analysis of Small Business Patents by Industry and Firm Size by Anthony Breitzman, Ph.D. and Diana Hicks, Ph.D. Haddonfield, NJ 08033 for Under contract no. SBAHQ-07-Q-0010 Release Date: November 2008 This report was developed under a contract with the Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, and contains information and analysis that was reviewed and edited by officials of the Office of Advocacy. However, the final conclusions of the report do not necessarily reflect the views of the Office of Advocacy. Office of Advocacy ww w.sba.gov/advo Small Business Research Summary Advocacy: the voice of small business in government No. 335 November 2008 An Analysis of Small Business Patents by Industry and Firm Size Anthony Breitzman and Diana Hicks., Haddonfield, NJ 08033 2008 [60] pages. Under contract no. SBAHQ-07-Q-0010 Background This study is the third in a series that examines small business patent activity. The authors created a database of 1,293 technology firms with 15 or more patents issued between 2002 and 2006. These firms are designated as innovative firms because of their high level of patent activity. Using this database, the authors analyze the relative strengths of small and large technology businesses, including information such as the industry and technology within which the firm patents and the importance of the patent. The results demonstrate that small businesses that innovate are indeed special and that the technology...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS FOOTWEAR AND LEATHERGOODS SECTOR FOOTWEAR MAKING NC II | |Page No. | | | | |PREFACE | | |FOREWORD | | | | | |SECTION 1 FOOTWEAR MAKING NC II QUALIFICATION |1 - 2 | | | | | | | |SECTION 2 COMPETENCY STANDARDS |3 - 103 | | | | |Basic Competencies ...
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... SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT ON ANALYSIS OF PACKAGING STRATEGIES OF ITC Submitted for partial fulfillment of award of Master of Business Administration (MBA) From Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF SUBMITTED BY ABHISHEK KUMAR SAXENA ROLL NO.1380170008 Session: 2013-15 DECLARATION I ABHISHEK KUMAR SAXENA (ROLL NO.: 1380170008) student of MBA IIIrd semester , Year 2013-15, hereby declare that the Research Project Report titled “ANALYSIS OF PACKAGING STRATEGIES OF ITC” being submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of MBA degree by UPTU is my original work of Research and it has not...
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...2009 Corporate Responsibility Report IBM Corporate Responsibility Report 2009 letter from the chairman Samuel J. Palmisano Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer our company IBM basics The role of the ibmer A world of global citizens employees Investing in the IBMer ibmers in service Corporate Service Corps enters its third year communities Engagement, expertise and sustainable service environment Environmental sustainability, inside and out supply chain A holistic approach Governance Managing risk, maintaining trust public engagement Collaborating for societal progress 2009 performance Data summary 1 4 6 10 14 18 24 32 36 40 44 Samuel J. Palmisano Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer It was at the height of the economic crisis in 2008 that IBM introduced the idea of a smarter planet. To some, this might not have seemed the most propitious moment to launch such an ambitious strategic initiative. However, we strongly believed there was an opportunity to address exactly the problems and challenges that were then gripping the world. Now it is nearly two years later and events have, if anything, strengthened this belief. The idea of a smarter planet is speaking powerfully to forward-thinking leaders and citizens around the world. It is opening up a growing global dialogue and generating thousands of innovative ideas. Hundreds of our clients have seized upon new capabilities to build smarter systems, and are achieving measurable benefits for their...
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...Implementation Guide for the Use of Bar Code Technology in Healthcare Sponsored by Implementation Guide for the Use of Bar Code Technology in Healthcare © 2003 HIMSS 230 E. Ohio St., Suite 500 Chicago, IL 60611 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, adapted, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. HIBCC ® and HIN® System are trademarks of the Health Industry Business Communications Council. ISBN: 0-9725371-2-0 Table of Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi Chapter 1: The Basics What is a bar code? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 How can you benefit from bar coding? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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...called the Value Added Tax Act, 1991 (2) In this Act,(a) sections 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22 and 72 shall be deemed to have come into force on the 2nd June, 1991 corresponding to the 18 Jaistha, 1398 (BS); and (b) except the sections mentioned above, all other sections shall come into force on the 1st July 1991 corresponding to the 16 Ashar, 1398 (BS). 2. Definitions.In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context,(a) 'exempted' means goods and services exempt from payment of value added tax under this Act; (b) 'output tax' means value added tax imposed under this Act; (c) 'input' means (i) except labour, land, building, office equipment and transport, all raw materials (any gas and any material used as fuels), packaging materials, service, machinery and spare parts; (ii) in the case of trading, goods imported, purchased, acquired or otherwise procured in any way for sale, exchange or transfer in any other manner; (d) 'input tax' means value added tax paid on inputs imported by registered person or purchased by him from any other registered person; (e) 'tax period' means a period of one month or such period as the government by notification in the official Gazette, fix in this behalf; 1 (f) 'taxable goods' means goods not included in the First Schedule; (g) 'taxable service' means any service not included in the Second Schedule; (h) 'Commissioner' means a Commissioner of Value Added Tax appointed under section 20; (i) 'account...
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...GUIDELINES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION AND CODING OF INDUSTRIAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTES TEXAS COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY WASTE PERMITS DIVISION RG-022 Revised 2/05 GUIDELINES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION AND CODING OF INDUSTRIAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTES THIS IS A GUIDANCE DOCUMENT AND SHOULD NOT BE INTERPRETED AS A REPLACEMENT TO THE RULES. The rules for classifying and coding industrial wastes and hazardous wastes may be found in 30 Texas Administrative Code (TAC) Sections (§§) 335.501-.521 (Subchapter R). Prepared by: I&HW Permits Section, MC 130 Waste Permits Division Texas Commission on Environmental Quality P.O. Box 13087 Austin, Texas 78711-3087 RG-022 Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Revised February 2005 i Kathleen Hartnett White, Chairman R. B. “Ralph” Marquez, Commissioner Larry R. Soward, Commissioner Glenn Shankle, Executive Director Authorization for use or reproduction of any original material contained in this publication—that is, not obtained from other sources—is freely granted. The commission would appreciate acknowledgment. Copies of this publication are available for public use through the Texas State Library, other state depository libraries, and the TCEQ Library, in compliance with state depository law. For more information on TCEQ publications call 512/239-0028 or visit our Web site at: http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/publications Published and distributed by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality PO Box...
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...GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & COOPERATION) DIRECTORATE OF MARKETING & INSPECTION BRANCH HEAD OFFICE NAGPUR MRPC-70 1 POST-HARVEST PROFILE OF SUNFLOWER CONTENTS Page No. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 2.0 Origin Importance 4-5 4 5 6-9 6 7 9 10-36 10 10 11 14 14 25 25 26 27 29 31 32 33 PRODUCTION 2.1 2.2 2.3 Major producing countries in the world Major producing states in India Zone-wise major commercial varieties 3.0 POST-HARVEST MANAGENENT 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Post-harvest losses Harvesting care Post-harvest equipments Grading 3.4.1 Grade specifications 3.4.2 Adulterants and toxins 3.4.3 Grading at producers’ level and under Agmark 3.5 3.6 3.7 Packaging Transportation Storage 3.7.1 Major storage pests and their control measures 3.7.2 Storage structures 3.7.3 Storage facilities i) Producers’ storage ii) Rural godowns iii) Mandi godowns iv) Central Warehousing Corporation v) State Warehousing Corporations vi) Co-operatives 3.7.4 Pledge finance system 36 Page No. 2 4.0 MARKETING PRACTICES AND CONSTRAINTS 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Assembling (Major assembling markets) 4.1.1 Arrivals 4.1.2 Despatches Distribution 4.2.1 Inter-state movement Export and import 4.3.1 Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary requirements 4.3.2 Export procedures Marketing constraints 37-45 37 38 39 39 39 40 43 44 45 46-48 46 48 50-53 54-56 54 55 55 56 58-63 58 61 63 66-68 66 68 70-71 72-73 5.0 MARKETING CHANNELS, COSTS AND MARGINS 5.1 5.2 Marketing channels...
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...Management Report 2008 © 2009, Nestlé S.A., Cham and Vevey (Switzerland) The Management Report contains forward looking statements which reflect Management’s current views and estimates. The forward looking statements involve certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in the forward looking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include such factors as general economic conditions, foreign exchange fluctuations, competitive product and pricing pressures and regulatory developments. The World’s leading Nutrition, Health and Wellness Company Photography Nicole Bachmann, Gaëtan Bally/Keystone, Nathan Beck, Patrick Brown/Panos Pictures, Markus Bühler-Rasom, Goh Seng Chong/Keystone, Douglas Engle/Panos Pictures, Sam Faulkner/NB Pictures, Jonathan Fong, Peter Ginter, Georgina Goodwin, Marcel Grubenmann, Alain Herzog/EPFL, Harmen Hoogland/Nestec, Wollodja Jentsch, Marc Latzel, George Osodi/Panos Pictures, Philippe Prêtre/APG Image, Sergio Santorio, Qilai Shen/Panos Pictures, Christian Vogt, Cédric Widmer Printing Entreprise d’arts graphiques Jean Genoud SA (Switzerland) Paper This report is printed on Consort Royal, a paper produced from well-managed forests and other controlled sources certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Management Report 2008 Letter to our shareholders Board of Directors of Nestlé S.A. Executive Board of Nestlé S.A. Corporate Governance and...
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...Starbucks Shared Planet - Our Responsibility MY CUSTOMIZED REPORT CREATED AT WWW.STARBUCKS.COM/SHAREDPLANET ©2009 Starbucks Coffee Company. All rights reserved. https://test.starbucks.com/SHAREDPLANET/customGRPage.aspx (1 of 108)6/1/2010 2:23:02 PM Starbucks Shared Planet - Our Responsibility Mission Statement Our Starbucks Mission To inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time. Here are the principles of how we live that every day Our Coffee It has always been, and will always be, about quality. We’re passionate about ethically sourcing the finest coffee beans, roasting them with great care, and improving the lives of people who grow them. We care deeply about all of this; our work is never done. Our Partners We’re called partners, because it’s not just a job, it’s our passion. Together, we embrace diversity to create a place where each of us can be ourselves. We always treat each other with respect and dignity. And we hold each other to that standard. Our Customers When we are fully engaged, we connect with, laugh with, and uplift the lives of our customers— even if just for a few moments. Sure, it starts with the promise of a perfectly made beverage, but our work goes far beyond that. It’s really about human connection. Our Stores When our customers feel this sense of belonging, our stores become a haven, a break from the worries outside, a place where you can meet with friends. It’s about enjoyment...
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