...BLOW MOLDING Introduction Blow molding is defined as a plastic process whereby a thermoplastic material is heated to its forming temperature, which is below that of the plastic materials being used; at its melting point it is made to form a hollow tube called a parison or preform. This heated homogeneous plastic material is then placed between two female molds that are cooled through some medium. The two female molds close on the heated parison or preform and a gas, usually air, enters via an open end of the parison via a blow pin or needle; the gas is blown into the closed female mold halves, taking the shape of the internal female closed mold, allow to cool, and is then sent out through an exhaust. The two female molds are then separated and the cooled, shaped hollow part is then ejected or allowed to drop out for the cycle to repeat. In the first attempt over 100 years ago, to blow-mold hollow objects, two sheets of cellulose nitrate were clamped between two female mold halves. Steam injected between the sheets softened the material, sealed the edges, and expanded the heated sheets to form the inside shape of the two female mold halves. The high flammability of cellulose nitrate, however, limited the usefulness of this technique. In the early 1930s, more suitable materials, such as cellulose acetate and polystyrene (PS), were developed; these led to the introduction, by Plax Corp. and Owens-Illinois, of automated equipment based on glass-blowing techniques...
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...Ultrasonics - PLASTICS please click for enlargement Variations of Joint Designs or Energy Directors For the design of plastic parts for assembly with ultrasonic energy, many recommendations exist to save time, energy and tooling modifications. The first step for a designer is to determine the most suitable joining technique. The following variations are possible: Ultrasonic Welding Ultrasonic Swaging, Staking, Spot-Welding Ultrasonic Insertion Ultrasonic Welding The molten material builds at the contact area of the energy director between the to be welded parts. The ultrasonic waves are transferred through the part to the joint area. Common "standard" joint designs include: Basic 90 Degree Energy Director 90 Degree Energy Director Step Joint 90 Degree Energy Director Tongue & Groove Herrmann Ultrasonics Mash Joint Double V-Point Tongue & Groove The recommended process examples listed above can be varied with inserted gaskets or in-molded 2K injection molded gaskets. Ultrasonic Swaging, Staking, Spot-Welding please click for enlargement In addition to conventional types of joint design for bonding injection molded plastic parts, ultrasonic welding can be used in a verity of forms to accomplish a mechanical bond when only one part is of thermoplastic material. Common applications include: Swaging, for deforming or bending an area of a plastic piece to trap the other part (of different plastic or other...
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...Delta Plastics, Inc. (A) Stephanie Baldwin Kesterson Strayer University Discuss how an organization can benefit from a Total Quality Management program. An organization can benefit from a Total Quality Management (TQM) program because TQM is focused on meeting the expectations of the customer. Reid and Sanders (2010) define TQM as an integrated effort designed to improve quality performance at every level of the organization. TQM improves business from top to bottom because everyone is working towards a common goal. TQM is also a focused approach to guarantee customer satisfaction which will increase sales as well as increase profits. Having a TQM program also improves working conditions where discussion between managers and employees is open and where employees are motivated to work better. Companies can benefit from TQM simply because it insists on quality and excellence across the whole operation. Analyzing the case more closely, speculate which definition of quality each of the four main players was adhering to and discuss your rationale for each employee. In response to Delta Plastic’s “super plastic” product, there were several key opinions. Isabelle Harrison, Director of Research and Development, believes that the product created is safe, but she would like to have the opportunity to quality test it further and fine tune the product. Jose De Costa, Director of Manufacturing, agrees with Harrison because he believes it is possible the “super plastic” could...
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...Generally, a plastic with a high degree of toughness is desired in food packaging application. The plastic which is able to resist any breakage under tensile strength is preferred. These can be achieved by exert the plastic films with the characteristics like high tensile strength and high degree of elongation. A packaging material or plastic material which is brittle in natures, and with poor tensile strength and flexibility will have a minimal use in food packaging industry. Basically, tensile strength can be defined as the maximum tensile stress that the plastic can sustain without being fractured. It is calculated by dividing the maximum load exerted on the plastics during the experiment by the initial cross section of the plastics. A high...
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...Delta Plastics, Inc. (A) Assignment #2 Breana Rainge Delta Plastics, is a company that designs and manufactures plastic containers for household and kitchen use. The R&D group working for Delta is constantly thinking of new ways to develop, design and produce new plastic materials for the company. The new containers that the R&D group is currently working on are designed to be able to be removed from the oven and immediately stored in the refrigerator if necessary, with no wait time to cool. The group will be looking to see if the new material can stand up to and pass the standard material now utilized at Delta Plastics, Inc. The group will conduct an investigation into how a total quality management program will help them produce this new super plastic material, why and how utilizing a definition of quality makes a difference in the production process of this new material, how defects in the quality dimensions will affect the new product and then give a recommendation as to what the company should do as far as producing this new material. Here are a few reasons on how the TQM Program can benefit your organization. A higher quality product is one benefit. By stressing the importance of quality products, your company will be able to focus more on creating the highest level of quality possible. Total Quality Management is a great benefit this way, because it helps you to constantly be aware of the quality level that is being produced by your products (www.businessknowledgesource...
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...Plastics in the Oceans We live in an increasing disposable world. Everything from food to electronics ends up in a landfill somewhere. We are always looking for newer and better products to replace what we already have. The consequences of this behavior are resulting in more and larger landfills, toxic water and a myriad of other problems. With our growing population and excessive consumption, the items we use everyday are becoming disposable so the garbage problem continues to expand exponentially. It is a readily accepted fact that plastics has made our lives both easier and safer, but, at the same time, has also left a damaging imprint on our environment and even our health. The waste management industry has done a very clever job of keeping the inner workings of landfill disposal cloaked in secrecy. As a result we give less and less thought to what actually happens to all the trash we throw away every day. Our culture of convenience is so dominant we do not even see the consequences of our actions. Journalist and filmmaker Heather Rogers, in her essay “The Hidden Life of Garbage” takes us on a journey of garbage disposal that most of us never think about once we take the trash to the curb. She explains one particular method that should give us all pause for thought: In new state-of-the-art landfills, the cells that contain the trash are built on top of what is called a “liner.” The liner is a giant underground bladder intended to prevent contamination of groundwater...
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...controls, innovative solutions, a responsive business attitude and reasonable pricing. Our Employees We will maintain an innovative and team oriented working environment. By assuring that our employees are well informed and properly supported, we will provide a climate focused on the long term viability of our company. Our Future We must be focused in achieving and maintaining reasonable profitability to assure that the financial and human capital is available for sustained growth. Riordan Manufacturing Riordan Manufacturing is a global plastics manufacturer employing 550 people with projected annual earnings of $46 million. The company is wholly owned by Riordan Industries, a Fortune 1000 enterprise with revenues in excess of $1 billion. Its products include plastic beverage containers produced at its plant in Albany, Georgia, custom plastic parts produced at its plant in Pontiac, Michigan, and plastic fan parts produced at its facilities in Hangzhou, China. The company's research and development is done at the corporate headquarters in San Jose. Riordan's major customers are automotive parts manufacturers, aircraft manufacturers, the Department of Defense, beverage makers and bottlers, and appliance manufacturers. History The company was founded by Dr. Riordan, a professor of chemistry, who had...
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...Assignment #4 Plastics Ana Peterson Welcome to Assignment 4. Today’s assignment is about plastics, specifically about using plastics to create more environmentally friendly forms of packaging, but first…. Petersons’ Short Takes Don’t be fooled by environmentalist who post videos on YouTube designed to invoke an emotion so you will form an opinion that agrees with their agenda and at the same time offering no solution to the problem. And I quote “40 years later the future is here, and with respect to plastics it’s not so great.” Environmentalist would have you believe that plastic is the great spawn of Satan and the only solution is to completely eradicate it or tax anyone that profits from it until they can no longer afford to use it. “Those who profit from plastics are trying to dispute the harm that plastics cause.” Haven’t we all profited from plastics? Hasn’t the entire human race profited from plastics? Isn’t the button on your shirt plastic? How about the microphone you are speaking into? Isn’t the camera you are using to make your video made out of plastic? I would argue that plastic has helped the environment more than it has harmed it. It would be an easy argument to make because speaking in generalities is pointless. Saying plastic is the problem takes the human factor out of it and invokes a negative emotion in people towards plastic. Have you...
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...As everyone knows the humble plastic bag has become an integral part of our lives. In fact the plastic bag has become so common that we hardly notice their presence. Yet if you look around you will notice that we are all in a swamp of plastic bags! They are everywhere. We use them to pack clothes, shoes, pens, tools, video games and even fruits and vegetables. At the super market they are soft yet strong packing medium. They are light weight, high strength and very flexible and come at a low cost. All of this might sound wonderful. But do you want to be a person who contributes to one of the latest and difficult of the environmental problems. The plastic bag is an agent of air pollution, cancer and skin disease. People who use these bags have made this an environmental menace which has made many of world's clean and glimmering metropolises a pile of garbage! Did you know they are a slow poison in our daily life? When you use plastic bag do you know how they are made? Many of the plastic bags at the super market are made through recycled plastic; this means the old plastic is burnt at high temperatures and melted down. For this process a large number of hazardous chemicals are used which makes them a severe health hazard. When you use a plastic bag you could be responsible for giving people who are close to you cancer, because when plastic bags and other plastic materials are burnt below 7,000 degrees they produce gasses which can lead to skin disease and some forms of cancer...
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...spiked with chemicals that migrated out of the plastic — chemicals that aren’t good for your health. Today I’m going to introduce you to BPA, reasons they are considered dangerous and how to avoid the risks. BPA (Bisphenol-A) is a mass produced chemical used in the manufacture of plastics 2.3 Billion tonnes every year by FDA (Food & Drug Administration of USA). It is found in plastic food and drink packaging, such as baby bottles and sports bottles, and as a liner in canned food and drinks and storage containers (drinking water bottles, polysterene). European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has reported that exposure to the chemical Bisphenol-A (BPA) could damage health, particularly among vulnerable groups such as babies and pregnant women.Bisphenol-A (BPA) is the chemical in plastic which can mimic the action of natural human hormones (Female hormone). These foreign hormones can upset normal hormonal balance, stimulate the growth and development of reproductive tumors (breast, uterine, prostate), impair fertility (in males- lower sperm count), and disrupt pregnancy. Worse, many can cross the placenta to affect the fetus and get into breast milk. REDUCE buying plastic made food container. Switch to a stainless steel or glass refillable water bottle for personal use. Avoid heating food in plastic containers (microvawe). Buy fresh food instead of canned foods. Avoid all clear, hard shell plastic reusable containers. Do not freeze plastic water bottle with water as this can release...
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...Plastics in the Medical Field Plastics are polymers with a high molecular mass and often incorporate other materials to increase strength and function as well as lower production cost. The Greek work “plastikos” is the root word for the word plastic as we know it. The meaning is “capable of being molded or shaped”. The use of plastics in the medical field isn’t as high as it is thought to be. Plastics have several uses in and out of the hospital. One use of plastic is on a MRI machine. A MRI is basically a giant magnet with the ability to attract a metal object within range. Any metal around the MRI machine could become airborne and be potentially dangerous should they fly towards the machine when magnetized. All the equipment placed around the MRI machine is made out of plastic, even the tools used to install the machine are made out of plastic to prevent interaction with the magnet. Because of the high potential of metals becoming attracted to the MRI magnet, any metal placed inside the body for transplant or as plates and screws are non-ferrous metals. ("Plastics In Medicine." ) Plastic has also contributed to the reduction of medical costs, infectious disease and pain management. The United States is the leader in the world on keeping the rate of cross-staph infection own because of the wide use of plastic in the medical industry. Plastic is used as sterile plastic packaging and plastic medical disposables. Plastics are used for so many things in the medical field such...
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...World Environment Day World environment day is also known as the Environment Day, Eco Day or short form WED. It has been one of the great annual events for years which is being celebrated worldwide by the people aiming to protect the unique and life nurturing Nature on every 5th June.World environment day 2016 would be celebrated by the people all across the world on 5th of June, at Sunday. World Environment Day (also called as WED) has been started celebrating as an annual event on every 5th of June since 1973 World environment day annual celebration campaign was started to address the huge environmental issues like wastage and losses of food, deforestation, increasing global warming and so many. Every year celebration is planned according to the particular theme and slogan of the year to bring effectiveness in the campaign all through the world. It is celebrated to successfully get carbon neutrality, focusing on the forest management, reducing greenhouse effects, promoting bio-fuels production by planting on degraded lands, use of hydro-power to enhance electricity production, encourage common public to use solar water heaters, energy production through solar sources, developing new drainage systems, promoting coral reefs and mangroves restoration in order to get prevented from flooding and erosion including other ways of environmental preservation. Some of the objectives of the world environment day campaign are mentioned below: * It is celebrated to make aware the...
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...Unit 142: Plastic Processing Assignment 1: Moulding techniques used for the manufacture of plastic products P1 & P2 Plastic Dustbins The moulding technique used to make plastic dustbins is referred to as injection moulding. Injection moulding is the process where plastic is injected into a mould to form the final product. Both thermoplastics and thermosetting plastic can be used for the process of injection moulding. For this type of product HDPE is used, which is a thermoplastic. The material, usually in the form of pellets or granules, is dropped into the hopper. Heaters are found around the rotating screw; here the plastic is melted to a viscous state. Next, the plastic is injected into the mould and pressure build-up packs and holds the material in place. Cooling...
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... Abstract Crushing the confidence and differences among teens a study completed by the American Society Of Plastic Surgeons, or ASPS, revealed that over 219,000 cosmetic surgeries were performed on teenagers, ages 13-19, in 2012 (Plastic Surgery For Teenagers Briefing Paper). These results showed an astonishing jump, increasing by over 80,000 since 2005. Introduction: The desire to look beautiful, the increase in understanding of changes in ageing and advancements in biotechnology has made plastic surgery popular worldwide regardless of the involved dangers .So in recent years, a great deal of discussion about plastic surgery has taken place, where most statistics studies has shown that plastic surgery are rarely used for a valid medical requirement while cosmetic reasons are making the most out of this surgery which became very common amongst the rich. That’s why nowadays it’s really hard to find a (rich) person with wrinkled face, flabby waist or a misshapen body thanks to the emergence of plastic surgery!! Plastic surgery, whether reconstructive or cosmetic, has come as a boon for people who are displeased with their look and appearance. However, just like almost every other thing in this world, plastic surgery also has its own list of pros and cons. While there are innumerable benefits of getting a plastic surgery, the disadvantages are also great in number as :Medical risks, prolonged healing time and pocket-unfriendliness and many other...
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...the Oceans Hide No one thinks about what happens to their plastic after it’s served its purpose. Most people believe it simply goes somewhere and gets recycled and reused. The truth is not so pretty. Plastics are made out of a variety of natural materials, including an oil called petroleum. To be useful they must be processed so they become easy to mold and shape for many different things. Basically, plastics are designed to suit consumer needs, but this usually means single use products like plastic bags or a Starbucks cup. According to Greenpeace, an environmental organization, “It is the very properties that make plastics so useful, their stability and resistance to degradation, that causes them to be so problematic after they have...
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