...1. Abstract: Man is an ambitious creator. He has conquered the world of science and has reached to this 21ST century. In pre-cuts of perfection, He has cared much for automation and product quality which is directly co related to electronics. In this fact developing society, electronic has come to stay as the most important branch of Engineering. Electronic devices are being used in almost all the industries for quality control and automation. They have become a fast replacement of present workers army which is engaged in processing and assembling of the factory. In this fact developing society, electronic has come to stay as the most important branch of Engineering. Electronic devices are being used in almost all the industries for quality control and automation. They have become a fast replacement of present workers army which is engaged in processing and assembling of the factory. 2. Problem statement: The objective of this project is to make a device with the help of PLC which can control automatically the devices connected with it, the PLC we are using is Siemens LOGO module, we control the street light, home appliances, Lamp Flasher, and star delta starter. The PLC helps us in automatic control of devices with its output signal; we can also provide the time delay using timers. 1 3. Purpose of the Project: An engineer discovers new ideas and identifies opportunities in various sectors of national economy. He explores the possibilities of starting adventures infield...
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...Hackworth and Frederick D. Hackworth, Jr. Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Ladder Diagram Fundamentals Chapter 2 - The Programmable Logic Controller Chapter 3 - Fundamental PLC Programming Chapter 4 - Advanced Programming Techniques Chapter 5 - Mnemonic Programming Code Chapter 6 - Wiring Techniques Chapter 7 - Analog I/O Chapter 8 - Discrete Position Sensors Chapter 9 - Encoders, Transducers, and Advanced Sensors Chapter 10 - Closed Loop and PID Control Chapter 11 - Motor Controls Chapter 12 - System Integrity and Safety Preface Most textbooks related to programmable controllers start with the basics of ladder logic, Boolean algebra, contacts, coils and all the other aspects of learning to program PLCs. However, once they get more deeply into the subject, they generally narrow the field of view to one particular manufacturer's unit (usually one of the more popular brands and models), and concentrate on programming that device with it's capabilities and peculiarities. This is worthwhile if the desire is to learn to program that unit. However, after finishing the PLC course, the student will most likely be employed in a position designing, programming, and maintaining systems using PLCs of another brand or model, or even more likely, many machines with many different brands and models of PLC. It seems to the authors that it would be more advantageous to approach the study of PLCs using a general language that provides a thorough knowledge of programming...
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...Christopher Wilburn Sr. ET2750 Unit 1 Assignment 1 Chapter 1 pp.551-552 1. Programmable logic controller is defined as specialized electronic devices designed for use in the control of a wide variety of manufacturing machines and systems. 3. The PLC business is a 6.5 billion dollar industry that is growing at 20% per year. There are about 110 programmable controller venders, over 1000 vendors offering PLC add-in boards and other peripherals, and over 2000 companies developing PLC solutions. 4. Some similarities between PLC and PC are that they both have a similar architecture, with both having a motherboard, processor, memory, and expansion slots. Some differences between PLC and PC is that a PLC has no removable or fixed storage media such as floppy or hard disk drives and PLCs do not have a monitor, but often use a human machine interface (HMI) flat screen display. 5. 7. The major difference is that the virtual relay used in a PLC ladder logic program is only limited by the size of the PLC memory, while the physical relay used in relay ladder logic is limited to the nuber of poles present on the relay selected. 8. The input contacts in a relay logic diagram represent actual components and contacts present in the control system, while the input instructions in the PLC ladder logiconly represent data values stored in the PLC. 10. The processor is the central processing unit (CPU) that handles all logical operations and performs all the mathematical computations. The power supply...
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...INTERNATIONAL J OURNAL OF M ULTIDISCIPLINARY S CIENCES AND ENGINEERING, VOL . 2, NO. 8, NOVEMBER 2011 PLC and its Applications Sadegh vosough1 and Amir vosough2 Department of Electronics, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran Department of Mechanics, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran vosough.sadegh@yahoo.com, vosoogh_amir@yahoo.com Abstract— In this paper about the important concept of PLC and its application has been discussed. Early PLCs were designed to replace relay logic systems. These PLCs were programmed in "ladder logic", which strongly resembles a schematic diagram of relay logic. The main difference from other computers is that PLCs are armored for severe conditions (such as dust, moisture, heat, cold etc) and have the facility for extensive input/output (I/O) arrangements. PLC applications are typically highly customized systems so the cost of a packaged PLC is low compared to the cost of a specific custom-built controller design. On the other hand, in case of mass-produced goods, customized control systems are economic due to the lower cost of the components, which can be optimally chosen instead of a "generic" solution, and where the non-recurring engineering charges are spread over thousands or millions of units. Keywords– PLC-Feathers, Application of PLC and Ladder Logic I. INTRODUCTION C ontrol engineering has evolved over time. In the past humans were the main methods for controlling a system. More recently...
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...PLC Case Study: Sony Computer Entertaiment Inc. Nestor Herrera October 30, 2015 Sony Computer Entertainment Inc., is a multinational company that serves as a subsidary of Sony Corporation, with main head quarters in North America. Sony is responsible of delivering some of the most innovative and best selling products in the electronics market. For this case study, the main focus will be on one of Sony´s most successful brand, the Playstation, and how the company have manage the product life cycle of its Playstation products, putting an emphasis on the PLC of its first product, the Playstation 1. The case study will also evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies used to mantain the Playstation brand among the leaders of the market share by effectively managing their PLCs. The Playstation 1 - the Introduction process The irruption of Sony into what was then a very primitive video game market came in 1995 when they relased the Playstation 1 (PS1) in North America. The PS1 definatly had a huge impact in the whole video game industy as it was one the pioneers that helped the industry become what is now a multi-billion dolar industry that dominates modern entertaimet. Sony manage to differiante its new console from Nintendo, (who by far were dominaning the market at that time) who marketed themself as a more family-friendly entertaiment console. Nintendo has always provided Sony with some fierce competition, from the PS1's introduction untill the more recent years (2013-)...
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...A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) is an industrial computer control system that continuously monitors the state of input devices and makes decisions based upon a custom program to control the state of output devices. In the late 1960's PLCs were first introduced. The primary reason for designing such a device was eliminating the large cost involved in replacing the complicated relay based machine control systems. Bedford Associates (Bedford, MA) proposed something called a Modular Digital Controller (MODICON) to a major US car manufacturer. Other companies at the time proposed computer based schemes, one of which was based upon the PDP-8. The MODICON 084 brought the world's first PLC into commercial production. When production requirements changed so did the control system. This becomes very expensive when the change is frequent. Since relays are mechanical devices they also have a limited lifetime which required strict adhesion to maintenance schedules. Troubleshooting was also quite tedious when so many relays are involved. Now picture a machine control panel that included many, possibly hundreds or thousands, of individual relays. The size could be mind boggling. How about the complicated initial wiring of so many individual devices! These relays would be individually wired together in a manner that would yield the desired outcome. Were there problems? You bet! These "new controllers" also had to be easily programmed by maintenance and plant engineers. The lifetime...
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...1 Instrumentation Diagram of SWCS C. Equipment and Instrumentation of SWCS 1) Conductivity Measurement: A conductivity meter measures the amount of electrical current are conductance in a solution .Conductivity is useful in determining the overall health of the neutral water body. Within the primary water system the conductivity of the primary water is supervised on Downstream of the ion exchange and Upstream of generator inlet. The meter is equipped with a probe, usually handheld, for field Measurements, after the probe is placed in the liquid to be measured, the meter applies voltage between two electrodes inside the probe. The measuring point downstream of the ion exchanger serves for checking the ion exchange for proper performance. The measuring point on the primary water...
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...London School of Business & Management BTEC Level 4- HND in Business Centre No Unit No & Unit Title Course Title Lecturer’s Name Assignment Title & Type Assignment No Date Set Due Date Semester / Academic Year 90665 Unit 4, Marketing Principles HND in Business Achila Amarasinghe Understanding marketing principles: Unilever PLC Case study 1 w/c 06-10-2015 09-01-2015 1/2014 Unit Outcomes Covered: 1. Understand the concept and process of marketing 2. Be able to use the concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning 3. Understand the individual elements of the extended marketing mix 4. Be able to use the marketing mix in different contexts. GRADING OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABLE Outcomes/ Grade Descriptors P4.1 √ Outcomes/ Grade Descriptors P4.1 2 √ P4.2 √ P4. 13 √ P4.3 √ P4. 14 √ P4.4 √ P4. 15 √ P4.5 P4. 6 √ √ M2 √ M3 √ P4. 7 √ D1 √ P4. 8 √ D2 √ P.4. P4. 9 10 √ √ D3 √ P4. 11 √ M1 √ Assessor: Signature: ______________ Date: ___/___/___ 1|Page Tutor Notes Key Points: Your assignment should be handed in by the deadline. This assignment must be your own work and original. All sources of reference must be included. You will be expected to check spelling mistakes and grammar. Your name, student no and unit no should be in the footer of every page. It should bear an appropriate report structure (such as a Table of Contents,Abstract, Introduction, Discussion, Conclusion, Recommendations, References, and Appendix (if necessary). There should be clarity...
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...Rockstar PLC We had to do something different. The company was doing great according to all the performance indicators we monitored, and our managers were earning nice bonuses, but the shareowners weren`t benefiting. – William Embleton William Embleton, managing director of Rockstar PLC, explained why his company had implemented a new incentive system based on an "economic profit" measure of performance starting in the year 2000. In 2002, however, Rockstar’s managers were questioning whether their new system had had its desired effects. The new economic profit measure did not seem to be any better in reflecting shareowner returns than did the old measure – accounting earnings – on which Rockstar’s managers had previously focused. And the new system was causing some management confusion and a perceived unfairness issue. Mr. Embleton had to decide whether to modify the new system, and if so how, or to replace it with something else. The Company Rockstar PLC was founded in 1852 as a brewery serving local pubs. Over the years it had grown, both internally and by acquisition. In 2002, Rockstar PLC was a medium-sized, publicly held corporation focused on the beverages and snack foods industry. It had annual turnover of about £500 million and it employed nearly 3,500 people in six countries. Rockstar PLC was listed on the London Stock Exchange. The company headquarters were still located in Manchester, England, where the company was founded. Rockstar PLC had four operating divisions:...
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... | |Assignment front sheet | |Qualification |Unit number and title | |BTEC Level 3 National in Business (QCF) |Unit 10 Market Research in Business | |Learner name | Assessor name | | |Duncan Llewelyn | |Date issued | Hand in deadline |Submitted on | |23rd April 2015 |19th June 2015 | | | | | |Assignment title |Unit 10 Market Research | |In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria. | |Indicate the...
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...sales quantity. 1. Formula Sales Volume Variance (where absorption costing is used): = (Actual Unit Sold - Budgeted Unit Sales) x Standard Profit Per Unit Sales Volume Variance (where marginal costing is used): = (Actual Unit Sold - Budgeted Unit Sales) x Standard Contribution Per Unit 2. Explanation Sales Volume Variance quantifies the effect of a change in the level of sales on the profit or contribution over the period. Sales volume variance differs from other volume based variances such as material usage variance and labor efficiency variance in that it calculates not just the variance in sales revenue as a result of the change in activity but it quantifies the overall change in the profit or contribution. The nature of the sales volume variance helps in forming a more meaningful analysis of other variances in the preparation of the operating statement. For example, the material usage variance needs to take into account only the difference between the actual consumption of material and the standard consumption of material for the actual number of units sold since the sales volume variance already takes into account the variation in material cost caused by the difference between budgeted and actual sales volume. Sales volume variance should be calculated using the standard profit per unit in case of absorption costing whereas in case of marginal costing system, standard contribution per unit is to be applied 3. Example Wrangler Plc is a manufacturer of...
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...1. Task 1 1. Different parties involved in the decision making process |Parties |Information required | |Parties in relation to financial Management |Different investment appraisal techniques | |Board of directors |Different sources of investment opportunities | |Financial Managers |Advantages and disadvantages of different source of finance | |Accountant |Historical financial information to forecast cash flows | |Investment Advisors | | |Marketing managers and responsible parties in Marketing department |Effective advertising methods to convince consumers about | | |the quality of the service to position the brand in | | |consumers’ mind | | |Competitors strategies and their success of attracting | | |consumers...
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...Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the study Living in this modern society, technology is very much involved. Every person is recognized with the device or gadget, he carries; that is the result of a technologically inclined society. Eventually, living without technology is like a soldier without gun; that is how people are so much dependent with technology today. Nowadays, some customers such as hospitals, manufacturing, industries, commercial establishments, schools, buildings and homes are dependent on electrical devices and equipment. These devices are controlled by modern technology for their operations, controls and processes. This includes remote sensing, SCADA, HMI, micro controller sensors and PLC. They are used for automatic control of lights and switches, and for remotely controlled operation of equipment or machine. These modern technologies save time, costs, and labor. The researcher conceptualized this study about the modern technology using HMI in the school specifically the laboratory room. Laboratory should be conducive to learning so that students are encouraged to study. It is a room where the students have the basic knowledge in theoretical aspects before they ought to gain knowledge outside. So, the study is focus on the development of a modernized laboratory equipped with automatic controls. Before laboratory is just a room with equipment, many lights, and switches. They are using manual switching of the facilities inside a laboratory room which is done...
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...towards the completion of the project. We are extremely happy to acknowledge and express our sincere gratitude to our parents for their constant support and encouragement and last but not the least friends and well-wishers for their help and cooperation and solutions to problems during the course of the project. Prepared By: Kothiya Jaydeep A. Bhamani Karim M. Patel Animesh H. Merchant Sarthi J. Abstract Now a day there is a huge rush in the toll plazas in order to pay the toll tax. Therefore in order to reduce the traffic jam and to save time & also to reduce the money loss of 300 cores / year. We have designed project for the automation in toll tax payment using RFID. We have made the automation of toll plaza using combination of PLC and RFID. This project explains the implantation of automation in toll plaza which is a step towards improving the monitoring of vehicles, travelling in predetermine routes. In this project we focuses on an electronic toll collection (ETC) system using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. This proposed RFID...
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...DIAMOND BANK PLC AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 DECEMBER 2011 DIAMOND BANK PLC Table of Content Page Directors' report 1 Compliance with Code of Corporate Governance 7 Directors' responsibility and approval 25 Auditors' report 26 Statement of significant accounting policies 28 Profit and loss accounts 36 Balance sheets 37 Cash flow statements 38 Notes to the financial statements 39 Statement of value added 73 Five-year financial summary 74 Financial risk analysis 78 DIAMOND BANK PLC Directors' Report For period ended 31 December 2011 The directors present their annual report on the affairs of Diamond Bank Plc (“the Bank”) and its subsidiaries ("the Group"), together with the financial statements and auditors' report for the period ended 31 December 2011. a. Legal Form The Bank was incorporated in Nigeria under the Companies and Allied Matters Act 1990 as a private limited liability company on 20 December 1990. It was granted license on the 15 March 1991 to carry on the business of commercial banking and commenced business on 21 March 1991. The Bank converted into a Public Limited Liability Company on 28 February 2005. The Bank’s shares were listed on the 27 May 2005 on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange by way of introduction. b. Principal Activity and Business Review The principal activity of the Group continues to be the provision of banking and other financial services to corporate and individual customers. Such services include granting...
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