...begin to diverge because of the genetic drift and natural selection, then after that overtime divergence may eventually become sufficient to cause reproduction isolation. (M.U.S.E). • Results/Outcome o As a result, Natural selection will cause different selective and adaptive pressures to occur between the two divided populations and they will evolve forever. Over time this will result in speciation which is the creation of two new species. (M.U.S.E). • Discussion/Analysis o I did obtain the results that I got it is common since that if you divide two things and put them in different environments that the behaviors would change dramatically. I learned how the existence of the polar bear came about always wandered about brown bears versus polar bears now I know. References: Audesik, T., Audesirk, G., & Byers, B.E (2008) Biology....
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...In this essay, I am going to be looking for how animals differ depending on where they live in the world. Animals can be grouped in many different categories. Some categories could be things like where they live. For instance animals could be categorized, such as safari, jungle, and arctic. In the arctic, some animals that could be found there include narwhals, polar bear, arctic fox, snowy owl, and artic hare. Most animals from the artic have a warm coat of fur, which helps them survive in these harsh conditions. Narwhals are wale like creatures that have horns on their head, which are actually two teeth that form a tusk. Narwhals have a hide that keeps them warm when in the artic water. Polar bears dig out large caves out of snow to have their cubs in. Polar bears usually have only two cubs, and only come out in the spring. Polar bears usually eat seals, waiting under the ice breathing from holes in the ice. Baby polar bears usually starve before their third birthday; other polar bears often die from oil spills and melting ice. In the safari, some animals that could be found are, zebras, crocodiles, African elephants, and rhinos. These animals live in some warmer climates and have adapted for survival. Zebras have any natural predators such as loins, spotted hyenas, leopards, and cheetahs. Zebras prefer to eat short grass, but will eat tall grass if needed. Zebras are more likely to have a chance to escape predators if in a herd, rather than if alone...
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...reproductive success than individuals without these traits (Larry L Mai, 2005, 371). Natural selection can only occur for those adaptive traits that possess heritability. This means that if a population does not possess these genetic variations, evolution in response to environmental changes brought on by humans will not occur in the species. For example, climate changes i.e. global warming has had and is still having quite an adverse effect on the Arctic, causing the sea ice to decline drastically and thus having a negative impact on the ecosystem. Polar bears, whose main source of diet are seals, depend on the sea ice for their hunting methods, which is stalk seals at their breathing holes in the ice. Another animal negatively impacted by the disappearing sea ice are the Walrus. Walrus depend on floating pieces of sea ice to haul themselves out of the water. However, as the sea ice disappears some Walruses and walrus pups drown at sea. If the Polar Bear’s and Walrus’s lack the necessary genetic variation that would allow them to cope with these changes in their ecosystem it is likely their species will die out and go extinct. References: Larry L. Mai (2005), The Cambridge Dictionary of Human Biology and Evolution;...
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...We did the gummy bear experiment to strengthen our knowledges of diffusion. We started the experiment by getting two same-colored gummy bears. Measurements were taken of each gummy bear. The gummy bear in the bag was 10 mm thick, 8 mm wide, 20 mm tall, and had a mass of 2,575 grams. The approximate volume was 1600 mm3. As for the gummy bear in water, it was 10 mm thick, 9 mm wide, 19 mm tall, and had a mass of 2.545. The approximate volume was 1710 mm3. After measuring, we put one gummy in a plastic bag, and the other in a cup with 150 ml of water. When we first put the gummy bear in the water, equilibrium had not been reached, because the concentration of water inside and outside the gummy bear were not balanced. Because of that, osmosis started, and the movement of water molecules began from outside the gummy bear, where there was a high water concentration, to inside the gummy bear, where there was a low water concentration. The water went into the gummy bear because the gummy bear acts as a semi-permeable membrane. Therefore, the water became diffused into the gummy bear, and the gummy bear grew and became more translucent....
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...I will be explaining the difference between the Inuit, Iroquois, and Haida. Similarity: The Inuit and the Haida hunted (sea animals), but the Iroquois didn’t hunt. The Iroquois and the Haida both lived in a green grasslands , but the Inuit lived in a icy terrain with mounds of ice and snow. All of the tribes made clothing. The Haida and the Inuit made shirts and coats while the Iroquois made shoes out of leather. All the tribes used art to show tradition throughout their land. Inuit made tiny sculptures and masks. Haida made baskets and totem poles. And the Iroquois made clay pipes and masks. Inuit: Inuit people were very good at hunting. They used bows and arrows and knives made out of bones which they used to kill the tough ones like seals. The Inuit liked to fish a lot, but instead of real fishing, they went ice fishing. There was no open water with fish, so they needed to dig a hole and put a net through the hole to catch fish. War and conflict between Inuit groups was rare. The Inuit lived a peaceful existence, and self-restraint and sharing (Nasittuq) were valued traits in their culture. Haida: The groups of the Northwest Coast had been trading with each other for 10,000 years, long before the arrival of Europeans. Before making a deal, a trade meeting between clans was set up, where they would negotiate a price.The value of the trade goods was always measured in terms of 'blankets'. Eulachon oil was a major trade item for the Northwest Coast people. There were often...
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...It is well known that the Arctic and Antarctic regions have harsh, cold winds, low temperatures and heavy snow fall, however, these environments are home to many species of birds and mammals which successfully survive and reproduce in spite of these extreme, seemingly uninhabitable conditions. They need special adaptations to help them survive and have many difficult obstacles to overcome including regulating and maintaining body temperature, coping with predation and with scarcity in food. The arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is native to the Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and inhabits the arctic tundra environments of Eurasia, North America and the alpine tundra of Fennoscandia. Within the worldwide population there are several hundred thousand individuals (The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2013). Populations vary in response to numbers in small mammals. They hunt lemmings, which are their main prey (Strand et. al., 1997), small birds and their eggs and also scavenge carcases in times where food is scarce (Hiruki and Stirling, 1989). Arctic foxes are relatively small mammals at around 3-8 kg. They have small ears, short noses, fur covering the pads on its feet. Its brush like tail aids in keeping its balance but is mostly used for insulation. During the winter arctic foxes have a thick white fur which provides camouflage against the white snowy expanse of the tundra and protection against the harsh environments, in the summer its coat becomes thinner and changes...
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...Polar Bears, the largest members of the Ursidae family, are bears that have transparent fur, which keeps them warm in icy and cold environments. They have large bodies, where male polar bears can weigh anywhere from 700 to 1,000 pounds, and female polar bears weighing anywhere from 300 to 700 pounds. While standing upright, they typically measure around 10 feet tall. Lengthwise, they measure around 7 to 8 feet long. The average lifespan of most polar bears ranges from 20 to 25 years. While they do appear as harmless majestic creatures, they are actually some of the most vicious hunters and carnivores out there. Furthermore, Polar bears have strong large legs with some webbing on their feet, making it easier to walk on ice as well as swim. Their...
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...Imagine you are a polar bear, and you want to get to shore, but you can't because it's too long of a swim, because the ice caps at the shore have melted and the ice caps you are on our floating further and further away becauses of greenhouse gas effects on the environment. Therefore you can't get home, you can't get food, and you can't survive. The polar bear was added to the endangered animal list in 2008 because of multiple causes, most are from impacts caused by greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases in Alaska and Northern Canada have three major Impacts on polar bears and their ecosystem: Greenhouse gases cause pollution in the ecosystem. They cause climate change in the ecosystem, melting the ice caps the polar bears live on, and lastly the greenhouse gases cause shorter hunting seasons, less food for the polar bears, and bad body conditions for polar bears, causing the polar bear population to go down....
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...endangered species project is a polar bear. These beautiful mammals have a pigment-free, transparent coat that is about 2.5 to 5 cm think. It is composed of a dense, protective undercoat that is covered with different lengths of guard hairs. The polar bear’s fur appears to be white, yellow, and sometimes brown, because each of the hair shafts, which cover its coat are un-pigment, transparent, and have a hollow core that reflects and scatters visible light. Also, underneath all of the fur they have black skin, however it only visible on it’s nose and footpads. The black skin enables the bear to absorb sunlight, so that it can stay warm. Unlike many of its relatives, polar bears have lengthier heads and necks, and their body shaped is more slender. These bears are the largest carnivores that live on land. An adult male can weigh about 775 to 1,200 pounds, and a full-grown female can typically weigh around 330 to 650 pounds. Polar bears have many characteristics that help them to survive in such a cold environment. Their paws are thickly coated with fur, for warmth, and the pads on the bottom of their feet are rough, and provide them with more traction, when they are...
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...Management Intervention For Polar Bears The affect climate change has on polar bears has been a hot topic for the past 10-15 years, and for good reason. Global warming has been causing ice to melt at an alarming rate, from 1979 to 2009 the amount of perennial sea ice in the artic has declined at an average rate of 11.3% per a decade (Hunter). In 2008, Polar bears were even listed as a threatened species in the U.S. Endangered Species Act. This decrease in ice has caused a substantial decrease in population growth for Polar Bears. In 2001 when there were only 90 days where the mean ice concentration was less than a threshold of 50% and the growth rate (lambda) was 1.059 but in 2005 when there were 134 days with less than 50% ice the growth rate was .799, which is a declining population (Hunter). As days with less ice go up, the growth rate of polar bears is going down....
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...in the Artic region. Global warming has produced rising temperatures causing the melting of the ice caps. The Artic animals, primarily the polar bear and the emperor penguin are left with less hunting grounds and a natural environment in which to thrive. Global warming should be of great concern worldwide, as it not only affects our environment physically, but it is detrimental to the animals as well. We must live sustainably to preserve our natural resources in order to cease global warming, ultimately helping these Artic animals as well as ourselves. However, the fact that many people and politicians refuse...
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...Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes. Tundra comes from the Finnish word tunturi, meaning treeless plain. It is noted for its frost-molded landscapes, extremely low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons. Dead organic material functions as nutrient pool. The two major nutrients are nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen is created by biological fixation, and phosphorus is created by precipitation. Characteristics of tundra include: 1. Extremely cold climate 2. Low biotic diversity 3. Simple vegetation structure 4. Limitation of drainage 5. Short season of growth and reproduction 6. Energy and nutrients in the form of dead organic material 7. Large population oscillations Tundra is separated into two types: Arctic tundra Alpine tundra Tundra along the Colville River, Alaska. Arctic tundra From left: tundra near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada; tundra in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. Arctic tundra is located in the northern hemisphere, encircling the north pole and extending south to the coniferous forests of the taiga. The arctic is known for its cold, desert-like conditions. The growing season ranges from 50 to 60 days. The average winter temperature is -34° C (-30° F), but the average summer temperature is 3-12° C (37-54° F) which enables this biome to sustain life. Rainfall may vary in different regions of the arctic. Yearly precipitation, including melting snow, is 15 to 25 cm (6 to...
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...Arctic Home Campaign Coca- Cola Presented to Mutar Kent CEO and Chairman of the Coca-Cola Company March 8th 2012 March 8th, 2012 Muhtar Kent CEO and Chairman of the Coca-Cola Company Dear Mr. Kent, Although raising awareness for the polar bears habitat is critical, study has shown that the company’s campaign to save the polar bears by the changing the colour of the Coca-Cola cans has been ineffective. Many consumers were mislead by the change of colour of the cans. The new white Coca-Cola cans are too similar to the Diet Coke cans. In today’s society, consumers have been accustomed to brand recognition and do not take time to read labels. Many consumers accidently bought regular Coca-Cola thinking they were purchasing Diet Coke. The purpose of changing the cans to white is to promote awareness to the polar bears habitat and raise money for the cause. Many do not know how to donate to the campaign. It was unclear to many consumers the reason for changing the colour of the cans. The change brought more confusion than it did awareness to the polar bears. I am thankful for the 25 participants who gave me their time in order to complete the questionnaire survey, as well as Maria-Jose Errunza and my classmates of Comm 212 who have helped me with this report. Their contribution is greatly appreciated. Thank you for the attention given to this report. You may contact me at 438-886-8012 should you need further clarification in regards to...
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...lives in some of the coldest places on earth. In Canada they live in the Northwest Territories. Most foxes dig burrows under the ground or in dens. Some of the dens are over 300 years old. Each new generation of foxes will live there. Most of these dens have over a hundred doorways to get in them. If a fox doesn’t have a den they will burrow deep in the snow for shelter or find a cliff ledge. The Arctic Fox will eat rodents, birds, seal pups, fish, and bird eggs. They will eat vegetables, berries and seaweed if they find them. The fox will follow a polar bear and eat its scraps, left over from supper. The Arctic...
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...Only a few stars dot the night. Polar bears do not hibernate in the colder months, but I thoroughly enjoyed sinking into the deep sleep. It let me get into my head. Things aren’t nearly as quiet and lonely inside my head than it is in North Pole. My grumbling tummy forces me out of my cave and into the cold. It’s time to hunt. To my surprise, treading through the dark lifts my spirits quite a bit. It is a lovely evening – the air is clear, the snow is hard… it’s perfect. It has been a long time since I last felt at peace. Ever since she left, things just haven’t been the same. I am not a fan of jumping into the water to catch fish. Therefore, I dig a hole through softer ice, spread my net, and wait for them to come to me. I have a lot of time to kill, anyway. An explosion of noise jolts me awake just as I was about to drift off to sleep. I stand on all fours and stare at the hole, anticipating a catch. When a shadow passes, I drop my paw in and quickly pull out my meal. What I manage to grab ahold of throws me off guard, and I throw it to the side almost immediately, startled by its screaming. “A penguin?” I mutter under my breath as soon as my heart slows to a regular pace. The penguin gets up, takes a deep breath, and then kneels before me. “Prince Jay,” she begins. “I am here to ask you to come back to your kingdom and claim your rightful throne as Prince.” lead the forthcoming war between the penguins and the polar bears.” I gawk at her in disbelief. “I...
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