...he/she was. 5. He had 9 principles you had to go by here they are. The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder. The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police actions. Police must secure the willing co-operation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public. The degree of co-operation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionately to the necessity of the use of physical force. Police seek and preserve public favour not by catering to public opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law. Police use physical force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when the exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be insufficient. Police, at all times, should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and the public are the police; the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence. Police should always direct their action strictly towards their functions and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary. The test of police efficiency is the...
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...Understanding Immigration Federalism Jorge L. Velez POL201: American National Government 08/26/2014 According to elected officials and policy advocates we the United States are going through a period of demographic change, with the flooding of immigrants, that is causing major concerns culturally and economically throughout the states. A lot of these states and localities are unaccustomed to these types of changes, so they along with the federal government are being responsible on implementing immigration-related demands in the United States and the emergence of what’s being called “immigration federalism”. But as you will soon see, the immigration is felt differently in different parts of the country, and these immigration laws are not always needed or used the right way. The enforcement of our immigration laws were federally controlled at one point, with the local law enforcement supporting us upon request, but with time this has changed. The federal government started to delegate enforcement power to the local level in 1996 with the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA). The IIRIRA included the clause known as section 287(g) inviting county, state, and city law agencies to partner up with the federal government to enforce violations of federal immigration law, by offering to train officers in the local law agencies, police departments and others to screen and arrest whoever they suspected to be an unauthorized immigrant. Before the...
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...Immigration in the United States Kristin Stewart Macroeconomics Dr. Sam Miller Immigration in the United States This week we have discussed full employment, which is having all able and willing citizens to be gainfully employed. One topic covered if the US should aim for a lower unemployment rate and how to achieve it. Also, we discussed the effect unemployment has on the economy. A conclusion is the more working and taxpaying citizens there are in the US, the better the economy is and the faster it can grow. Immigration in the United States has always been a controversial subject due to many conflicting issues. The main issue has always been about the effects is has on the economy. Many people think that immigrants...
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...Carmen Corbett Mr. Martin Adv. 100 June 23, 2013 Illegal Immigration in America One of the most controversial political issues today is illegal immigrants. Illegal immigrants is a serious problem that has to stop, because it is unfair to the people here in America. Illegal immigration is also unfair for the country that the immigrant left. It is public knowledge that the majority of the illegal immigrants in America come from Mexico. This is a problem that must me stopped as it hurts America’s economy and tax paying citizens. Illegal immigrants live off tax payers, take jobs and housing of hard working citizens, and leave there country of birth without skilled workers and help leave their own country into poverty. Legal American citizens pay taxes that help support welfare, health care, public schools and many other social services, many of which are taken advantage of by illegal immigrants. Illegal immigrants do not have to pay as many taxes as citizens do, illegal immigrants don’t have to pay social security. This isn’t fair to Americans. I personally don’t care if people migrate here I just want them to have to pay taxes just like everyone else. Illegal immigrants need to abide by the same laws as Americans. If a child is born in America, even if the parents are illegal, the child is a American citizen, making this child a burden to the state to make sure the...
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...Immigration Reform Is Imperative John Doe University of Good Times Almost 350,000 immigrants sneak into the United States illegally each year. Typically these people immigrate to the United States in hopes of finding employment to support their families. Once here, about 70% of them will obtain employment. The jobs that illegal immigrants occupy are the lower end jobs, which hurt unemployment rates especially for the lower class. Illegal Immigrants costs the United States about 113 billion each year. These costs are spread out over our education system, medical care, judicial system, and more. The information presented in this research paper will address the seriousness of this issue. Illegal immigration has a negative impact on the United States in many ways. Immigrants have entered our country illegally and stolen millions of jobs, crippled a struggling education system, manipulated welfare programs, and drastically raised crime rates. Without immigration reform, the crippling effects of illegal immigrants will break this country. With illegal immigrants willing to work for less pay and in poor work conditions, they negatively impact employment rates. Illegal-immigration has a negative impact on the available jobs for U.S. citizens. People often protest that the illegal immigrants do the jobs that Americans don’t want to do. However, that is not the case. They are able to work for low wages and in poor conditions, where citizens must follow minimum wage...
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...Name Gov 2306 -23006 2014 Fall Semester Professor Griggs Word Count: 1,322 Immigration in Texas Immigration policy in the United States, namely in Texas, is a great source of controversy amongst lawmakers and the public. An immigrant is a “person who leaves one country to settle permanently in another” (ProQuest). America currently has about 11.5 million illegal immigrants living within its borders (Passel). With this large of a population, immigrants do have an impact on the population and the laws for how to deal with them must be updated. There is a large number of the illegal immigrants working for cash, sharing houses, avoiding taxes, and still sending their children to public schools, and driving on the roads that citizen’s tax money pays for. Currently the law on illegal immigrants is mostly black and white stating that it is a crime to be in the country illegally. However, if the government updates the system to help naturalize them lawfully, states and the immigrants both have a potential to benefit. There are many factors contributing to the immigration of illegal immigrants into Texas. The majority of these immigrants are from Central America through the border shared with Mexico. There are push and pull factors causing them to move here. “The report from the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops identifies poverty, paucity of educational opportunities, the urge to join family already in the U.S., and the fear of growing crime as powerful factors propelling immigrants...
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...Immigration and Healthcare Cost Angela Mporampora Metropolitan State College of Denver Healthcare Finance HCM 4030 Professor kelvin D. Zeller March 25, 2012 Immigration and healthcare cost Abstract. The rise in healthcare cost has been one of the most troubling economic events in recent years. Healthcare cost rises about 7.5 percent every year. The United States is known to be the nation with the highest amount spent on healthcare. Some research links immigrants to the fast paste in healthcare cost increase. Immigration became a top issue after the event of September 11th. Many believes immigration is the root cause of most of the economic problems taking place in the country today, they linked immigration to increase in healthcare cost, increase in crime rate, reason for low productivity, reason for loss of job opportunity for native- born and many more. But on the other hand, are these groups of individuals who believe immigrants are being used as “scapegoats” just because they don’t have a voice or stand in the society. They stressed the believe that even before immigration became a hot topic, the economy already had this problem in place, they denoted most research findings stating data were manipulated to support their mission; for immigrant do not visit medical establishment as often as indigenes and wonder how researchers came to the conclusion that immigrants spiked up healthcare cost. This subject is distinctly two sides and it’s difficult to find...
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...Racial & Ethnic Short-Answer Questions (15) Should reparations be paid to the descendants of victims of slavery? • Some reject the decision made in the Bakke case that providing a remedy for the effects of racial discrimination is unconstitutional. They argue that the idea of reparations is rooted in international law. • Affirmative Action is inadequate, the ‘Maafa’ (meaning disaster, i.e., slavery) is a crime against humanity, and therefore compensation is required. • In the past 50 years apologies and financial compensation has been given to a wide range of groups, including survivors of the Jewish holocaust (as well as descendants of the victims), Japanese-Americans who were imprisoned during the Second World War and native Americans who had their land illegally seized in the USA. • African Americans have been demanding compensation for slavery since the end of the American Civil War. Immediately after the abolition of slavery, the demand was for 40 acres and a mule to ensure they would not be dependent on their former slave-owners. Then, between 1890 and 1917, there was a movement to lobby the government for pensions to compensate for their unpaid labour under slavery. Since 1989, Congressman John Conyers Jnr (Michigan) has introduced a bill every year to study the case for reparations. Each of these initiatives has been largely ignored by the political establishment. • Reparations would ensure full recognition of the scale of the Maafa and, at the same time...
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...Senate Bill 1070 into law in order to resolve immigration problems in her state (McFayden, 2011). It is one of the toughest pieces of legislation in the nation. SB 1070 allows Arizona law enforcement to stop, detain, and arrest any undocumented immigrants if the officers have a “reasonable suspicion.” This law not only makes it a crime to be in the Arizona illegally, but also a crime to transport or hire someone for employment as well (McFayden, 2011). Judicial Watch (2011) pointed out that Arizona has a right to defend itself under the Constitution if the federal government fails to stop illegal immigrants from crossing its border. In addition, this article confirmed that the creating of SB 1070 complied with the relevant federal, state and local laws, the Arizona Constitution, and the U.S. Constitution. The SB 1070 complements the immigration law rather than usurping the federal jurisdiction. It protects the American citizens and the legal immigrants in Arizona through a legislation that is enforceable against the illegal immigrants, the employers who engage in hiring the illegal immigrants, and those who are involved in transporting the illegal immigrants. Arizona Senate Bill 1070 Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act Introduction On April 23, 2010 Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer signed Senate Bill 1070 into law (McFayden, 2011). The key part of the Arizona law is Section 2(B) that states if a police officer has a reasonable suspicion that an individual...
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...as well as flooding the court systems and backlogging cases. Mandatory prison sentences take the discretion away from prosecutors, as well as judges. An Inmate who is sentenced under a mandatory sentence does not qualify for early release, good time while in prison, and in most cases, the offender is not required to complete any supervision after release, due to the fact that he or she has fulfilled the obligations of his or her sentence. Several states, including the State of Oregon, have introduced legislation to reform their mandatory minimum sentences. With budgetary constraints in the volatile economy, the government cannot afford to continue to incarcerate individuals without the ability to modify sentences, supervision, etc. How courts are affected by mandatory minimum sentences Congress, as well as some of the state legislations introduced mandatory sentences in the 1970s and 1980s. These mandatory sentences forced the court system to hand down fixed prison sentences to those convicted of certain criminal acts. The lawmakers felt by enacting these sentences then it would help in the battle against the drug trade and hopefully prevent individuals from entering. However, while it did assist the courts in certain areas it has also been detrimental to the court system. According to "Prisonpolicy.org" (n.d.), the mandatory sentencing laws did six things they are: “1. Judges can’t consider the facts of each case. 2. The type and weight of a drug primarily determines...
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...Name Tutor Course Date Immigration Policy In this paper, I will be basing my thoughts on Dream Act. First of all, Dream Act is said to be a bipartisan legislation that will enable a high achieving young people. These are the people or immigrants who have been raised in America, worked hard in school and are pursuing higher education. They are highly straining to achieve America Dream (Olivas, Michael page50). Actually, the Dream Act is important for the US Armed Forces. It will increase the pool of highly qualified recruits who have completed high school. In a statistical analysis, it is estimated that approximately 800, 000 young people will benefit from the Dream Act (Olivas,...
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...Immigration | The Impact of Legal and Illegal Immigration in The United States | Sandra Jakobsen | The United States is a combination of people from the whole world. Every year millions of immigrants enter the borders in hope of a better life living the ‘’American Dream’’. The opportunities and freedom the nation can provide motivates these people to leave everything they have and do all it takes to start a new life. The majority of ethnicities that are highest of the country’s immigration status are Europeans, Asians and Latin’s, but the people behind the border to Mexico dominate these statistics. Legal or illegal these people have a huge impact on the American society and many reforms have been proposed and experimented to solve the problem of illegal immigration, unfortunately not many seems to work. As John O'Sullivan once said; “More people want to come to America, and if we don’t allow them to do so legally, they will do so illegally.” Today there are approximately 11.1 million illegal immigrants in the country and this controversial issue has become a great burden for the American people and American society. There are however solutions to this problem. New immigration laws must be implemented in order to establish equality, justice and opportunities in which American citizens and immigrants both benefit. Legal Immigration 12.5 percent (2010) of the US population is considered legal immigrants (US Census). The people that are considered legal are divided into...
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...After Arizona passed a series of tough anti-immigration laws, Rob Knorr couldn’t find enough Mexican field hands to pick his jalapeño peppers. He sharply reduced his acreage and invested $2 million developing a machine to remove pepper stems. His goal was to cut the number of laborers he needed by 90% and to hire higher-paid U.S. machinists instead. “We used to have many migrant families. They aren’t coming back,” says Mr. Knorr, who owns RK Farms LLC, an hour’s drive from Phoenix. Few issues in the presidential campaign are more explosive than whether and how much to crack down on illegal immigration, which some Republican candidates in particular blame for America’s economic woes. Arizona is a test case of what happens to an economy when such migrants leave, and it illustrates the economic tensions fueling the immigration debate. Immigrants Push Down Wages for Low-Income Workers—But How Much? Economists of opposing political views agree the state’s economy took a hit when large numbers of illegal immigrants left for Mexico and other border states, following a broad crackdown. But they also say the reduced competition for low-skilled jobs was a boon for some native-born construction and agricultural workers who got jobs or raises, and that the departures also saved the state money on education and health care. Whether those gains are worth the economic pain is the crux of the debate. Gordon Hanson, a University of California at San Diego economist who has studied...
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...Case Study: Pomodoro, Inc.: Food and Beverage industry. USA employment related Laws and Regulations which includes Anti- sexual harassment and a comprehensive interpretation of the laws as they apply to Pomodoro, Inc. Introduction: Pomodoro, Inc. will need to become familiarized with the employment laws and regulations that are governed by the United States Department of Labor and the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. This paper will give a summary of each law or regulation. This position paper is going to brief the audience globally on the USA employment laws and regulations but not limited to Sexual harassment, Wage and Salary Legislation, Recruitment, Interviewing, Affirmative Action, Equal Employment and the ADA. This paper will go over the history of a few of the important acts that have been passed over the years to protect employees in the United States. It will also discuss the major protections that these acts provide and who are eligible for that protection. Now that the Pomodoro, Inc. is now a global business environment, the working individual overseas are relying on paid work, to make a living, and for the social and economic wellbeing of the community where they live, and encouraging more and more people, organizations, even nations to concern about the employment relationship. ('UK'). What is Employment Law and why is it important? Employment laws are put into place to protect employees from any mistreatment by their employers...
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...Unlawful Burden: Cost of Illegal Immigration on Local Government Abstract What is the cost of illegal immigration today on state and local governments? This has become a hot topic at the federal, state and local levels with a wide variety of opinions. This paper will explore both sides of the issue with a closer look at the state and local impact on taxpayers. Cost of Illegal Immigration Today it is estimated that the annual costs of illegal immigration at the federal, state and local level to be nearly $113 billion dollars, with approximately $84 billion dollars being spent on the state and local levels alone. Recent studies have also estimates that taxes collected from illegal alien workers, both in the above-ground economy and in the underground economy do not come close to the amount of current expenditures. The impact of illegal immigrants on the federal budget differs from their effect on state and local budgets primarily because of the types of services provided by each level of government. The federal government while providing some services requires state and local governments to provide certain services to individuals regardless of their immigration status or ability to pay in order for them to participate in federal programs. This has made most states and local governments bear much of the burden to providing education, health care and law enforcement to individuals living in their jurisdiction. Budgetary Effect of Illegal Immigration The Congressional Budget...
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