...bpsjournals.co.uk The truth about lies: What works in detecting high-stakes deception? Stephen Porter* and Leanne ten Brinke University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada In this paper, we provide our view of the current understanding of high-stakes lies often occurring in forensic contexts. We underscore the importance of avoiding widespread pitfalls of deception detection and challenging prevailing assumptions concerning strategies for catching liars. The promise and limitations of each of non-verbal/body language, facial, verbal/linguistic, and physiological channels in detecting deception are discussed. In observing the absence of a single cue or behavioural channel that consistently reveals deception, a holistic approach with concurrent attention to multiple channels of a target’s behaviour (ideally videotaped for review) and changes from baseline behaviour is recommended whenever possible. Among the best-validated cues to be considered together include: illustrators, blink and pause rate, speech rate, vague descriptions, repeated details, contextual embedding, reproduction of conversations, and emotional ‘leakage’ in the face. While advocating a reliance on empirical evidence, we observe that few studies of high-stakes deception yet have been conducted. Further, some manifestations of lying are highly idiosyncratic and difficult to address in quantitative research, pointing to the need for keen observation skills, and psychological ...
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...Tabatha K. Davis Undercover Stress AIU-CRJS Date: April 10th, 2012 Instructor: David Makin Undercover Stress When working in law enforcement and undercover policing there may be a wide variety of issues that come up and have to be dealt with. To gather information about ongoing and future criminal activity as well as disrupt these activities and arrest those involved, law enforcement agencies often use undercover employees. Over the years UCEs have worked to combat organized prostitution rings, the manufacture and distribution of drugs, street gangs, outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMGs) and extremist groups on both the political left and right including the Ku Klux Klan, neo-Nazis, skinheads, and militant separatist groups. Undercover assignments include short-term drug "buy and bust" stings that last for no more than a few hours to deep cover, long-term investigations that keep UCEs in the field for months or years. (Fitzgerald, P. n.d.) There are massive amounts of stress to overcome during undercover work. As the UCE forms relationships with those he or she is investigating, feelings of ambivalence and guilt may ensue. UCEs may find themselves witnessing offenses committed by members of criminal organizations, a scenario that can trigger a serious moral dilemma. Should they attempt to intervene and stop the crime, or remain passive and protect their undercover identity? Another sensitive moral issue is that of UCEs having sexual relations (to gain information) with...
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...Is the Fraud Act a Useful Tool in E-Crime Prosecution? Executive summary This paper sought to examine whether the Fraud Act 2006 could be a useful tool in the prosecution of e-Crimes. It turns out that crimes on the computer net works and other electronic forms have been prevalent for more than two decades without being successfully prosecuted in majority of cases. The Thefts Acts 1968 and 1978 had inadequacies to deal with the kind of offences possible on the electronic forms. Hence, to avoid continual amendments to Theft Acts which could not have retrospective effect, Fraud Act 2006 has been enacted with sweeping changes to enable prosecutions of e-Crimes. Fraud Act 2006 has removed the shortcomings of the Theft Acts within the context of e-Crimes. Although the Act is portrayed to be a little harsh on the one hand, in comparison with the Theft Acts, the Act is certainly equipped as a better prosecution tool to deal with e-Crimes, on the other.. Table of Contents Chapter No | Particulars | Page No | | Executive Summary | 1 | 1.0 | Introduction | 3 | 1.1 | Background | 3 | 1.2 | Aims and Objectives | 14 | 1.2.1 | Aim | 16 | 1.2.2 | Objectives | 16 | 1.3 | Conclusion | 16 | 2.0 | Literature Review | | 2.1 | History behind Fraud Act 2006 | 17 | 2.2 | Fraud Act compared to earlier law | 20 | 2.2.1 | Fraud by false representation | 22 | 2.2.2 | Section11 Obtaining Services Dishonestly | 28 | 2.2.3 | Fraud as a conduct crime...
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...Research Paper Kaleb Argentieri Mrs. Detoma 5/8/18 Research Paper Many people believe that slavery in the United States was abolished in the early 1900’s with the 13th Constitutional Amendment and no longer occurs today. Slavery occurs today and it shocks most people in many ways. Modern day slavery is extremely prevalent in the United States especially in Florida and most likely occurring close to your homes and neighborhoods. There are various types of modern day slavery. Modern day slavery consists of human trafficking, forced labor, and domestic servitude. Human trafficking is the action or practice of illegally transporting people from one country or area to another, typically for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation....
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...Your Name Professors Name Class Name Date the Assignment is Due American History Book Review Research Paper Blood, Money, and Power: How LBJ killed JFK, is an interesting non-fiction novel written by Barr McClellan. Barr McClellan was a lawyer who worked in President LBJ’s administration as an attorney clerk for National Labor Relations Board, and later on as a Commissioner lawyer of the Federal Power Commission. The novel uncovers the secret of a conspiracy that led to the death of President John F. Kennedy (JFK) and the progression of Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) as the President. In his novel, through his qualifications and use of evidence from the warren commission, court papers, and documents, Barr McClellan uses corruption, fraud, and assassination as the main themes that disclose the murder plot of President JFK. The author of the book provides clear evidence and details that connect several people especially LBJ to the assassination of JFK, and further enlighten people on the JFK’s murder case. Barr McClellan started working as a licensed lawyer after finishing his studies, whereby he started working for Lyndon B. Johnson. He first worked with the United States Labor Relations and later moved to the United States Federal Power Commission department. In 1966, Barr McClellan joined the Texas law firm of Clark, Thomas, and winters, where he worked for about eight years and resigned. McClellan resigned after discovering the illegal activities that the firm was engaged...
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...Research Proposal Part 1 Team A Week 3 CJA/334 Law enforcement officers are both respected and suspected, They wield tremendous power and are capable of depriving persons of their freedom, reputation, and life. The majority of law enforcement officers are competent, honest, professional, and psychologically stable, but there are some who may use their shields as a license to steal and or kill. Law enforcement leaders are in a quandary as to how much corruption exists in their agencies. While most law enforcement departments try to employ the best individuals possible, the hard question is what happens when they become corrupt. The public is expected to put its faith and trust in law enforcement officers. These men and women are called on to protect the lives and rights of others. The Oath of Honor places on them a high code of ethics for their public and private lives. When a police officer takes bribes it could make the whole department look bad not just the single individual. The corruptive process and occupational deviance in law enforcement have their counterparts in other professions. Corruption occurs in all professions and occupations. In law enforcement there are obviously more opportunities for corruption than in the other professions. History and documented facts have shown us, many of them show great control and responsibility, but it is the small percentage of those officers who...
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...property crime- America Media portray criminals and victims as older and more middle class Felson (1998) calls this the ‘age fallacy’ Media exaggerate police success Partly due to media covering violent crime a lot, which has a higher clean up rate than property crime Media exaggerate risk of vctimisation Especially to women, white people and higher status people Crime is reported as a series of separate events Without examining underlying causes or structure The media overplay extraordinary crime Felson- ‘dramatic fallacy’ and ‘ingenuity fallacy’; media portray crime as hard to commit and you need intelligence to commit crime There is evidence to show that media coverage of crime in the media is changing. Schlesinger and Tumber (1994) found that in the 1960s the focus had been on murders and petty crime, but by 1990 murder and petty crime were of less crime to the media. Change had occurred due to the abolition of the death penalty, and rising crime rates had meant crime had to be special to attract media coverage. By the 1990’s reporting had widened to include: drugs, child abuse, terrorism football hooliganism and mugging. There is evidence that there has been an increase in sex crime coverage. Soothill and (Sylvia) Walby (1991) found newspaper reporting of all cases rose from ¼ in 1951 to 1/3 in 1985. Papers often offer a distorted image of...
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...Unit 1 IP CRJS 105 Abstract After reading this paper you will be able to explain the differences between Criminologists, Criminalists, and Forensic psychologists and the differences in their discipline of expertise. Additionally, this paper will briefly discuss blue collar crimes vs. white collar crimes, the way in which the FBI reports and measures these crimes in their Uniformed Crime Reporting (UCR) system. The author further elucidates blue collar crimes and how their culture is more populated by the media. This paper also includes the variations of Index I and Index II crimes and the manner in which they are reported either as violent or property crimes under the UCR system, as well as, the sentence that accompany such crimes. The author concludes this paper with a basic understanding of these three fields and the importance of their role within our criminal justice system that together create a unified force to battle crime. Introduction To get a better understanding of how our criminal justice system operates, society needs to know the involvement and the many specialists that are needed to keep our communities safe as well as, get the criminals off the streets to prevent them from committing future crime. One should look at it like baking a cake and each ingredient is an important part of the recipe. 1st ingredient is the investigation, 2nd ingredient is solving the crime...
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... | 6 | | 7 | | TOTAL | | General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Examination January 2013 Psychology (Specification A) PSYA1 Unit 1 Cognitive Psychology, Developmental Psychology and Research Methods Thursday 10 January 2013 1.30 pm to 3.00 pm You will need no other materials. Time allowed 1 hour 30 minutes Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 72. Question 7 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use the space provided to plan your answer. In Question 7, you will be assessed on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. (JAn13psyA101) G/T87042 6/6/6/ PSYA1 Section A Cognitive Psychology and Research Methods Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Total for this question: 4 marks 1 Research has suggested that the encoding and capacity of short-term memory are different from the encoding and capacity of long-term memory. 1 (a) Explain what is meant by encoding. The way in which information is stored...
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...International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering Volume 1, Issue 9, May-2014 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718 DATA MINING TECHNIQUES TO ANALYZE CRIME DATA R. G. Uthra, M. Tech (CS) Bharathidasan University, Trichy, India. Abstract: In data mining, Crime management is an interesting application where it plays an important role in handling of crime data. Crime investigation has very significant role of police system in any country. There had been an enormous increase in the crime in recent years. With rapid popularity of the internet, crime information maintained in web is becoming increasingly rampant. In this paper the data mining techniques are used to analyze the web data. This paper presents detailed study on classification and clustering. Classification is the process of classifying the crime type Clustering is the process of combining data object into groups. The construct of scenario is to extract the attributes and relations in the web page and reconstruct the scenario for crime mining. Key words: Crime data analysis, classification, clustering. I. INTRODUCTION Crime is one of the dangerous factors for any country. Crime analysis is the activity in which analysis is done on crime activities. Today criminals have maximum use of all modern technologies and hi-tech methods in committing crimes. The law enforcers have to effectively meet out challenges of crime control and maintenance of public order. One challenge to law enforcement...
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...business world as we know today. You have to ask yourself without them would the economic be safe? Current Mission Let’s take a look at the current mission of the Federal Trade Commission as we know today. As a consumer or business person, you may be more familiar with the work of the Federal Trade Commission than you think. The FTC deals with issues that touch the economic life of every American. It is the only federal agency with both consumer protection and competition jurisdiction in broad sectors of the economy. The FTC pursues vigorous and effective law enforcement; advances consumers’ interests by sharing its expertise with federal and state legislatures and U.S. and international government agencies; develops policy and research tools through hearings, workshops, and conferences; and creates practical and plain-language educational programs for consumers and businesses in a global marketplace with constantly changing technologies. When the FTC was created in 1914, its purpose was to prevent unfair methods of competition in commerce as part of the battle to “bust the trusts.” Over the years,...
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...Best Practices To Support Asian Women Who Have Been Trafficked Into Australia for the Sex Trade: a research proposal It has become evident that our service, Women’s Community Centre, is experiencing a growth in the number of Asian women using our facility. A review of the case notes has revealed symptoms and histories that would indicate that many of these women may have been trafficked into Australia for the purpose of sex slavery industry. As a social worker, at the Women’s Community Centre, there is a need to research issues surrounding this cohort of women and the best practices that may be implemented to support them without causing further risk of harm. I ask that the board of Women’s Community Centre support this research. Human trafficking is described by the United Nations (2009) as the acquisition of persons by improper means, either by force, fraud or deception, with the explicit aim of exploiting these persons. World Vision (2012), state that people who are trafficked are placed into many different exploitive situations. These include: ‘commercial sex workers, sex shows, pornography….. non-commercial sexual exploitation through marriage’. They also note the rise in online sexual exploitation through the use of video-cams and the internet. Literature Review With the increase number of Asian women, who are presenting to our service, who state they have been bought to Australia and now find themselves ‘bonded’ and working in the sex trade industry, it has...
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...TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT 2 ABSTRACT 4 CHAPTER 1 5 INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 Online Shopping 5 1.2 Security Issues 6 1.3 Computer Crimes Act 1997 7 1.4 Penal Code - Cheating 7 1.5 Electronic-Commerce Act 2006 8 1.6 Consumer Protection Act 1999 8 1.7 Tribunal for Consumer Claim (TCCM) 10 CHAPTER 2 11 FRAUD AND DECEPTION 11 CASES REPORTED 11 2.1 Statistic by PDRM 13 2.2 Statistic by KPDNKK 13 CHAPTER 3 14 RELATION WITH LAW AND ETHICS 14 3.1 Law Related Issues 14 3.5 Ethical and Morality Issues 16 CHAPTER 4 17 RECOMMMENDATION 17 4.1 Consumers Awareness 17 4.2 Enforcement Agency 18 CHAPTER 5 19 CONCLUSION 19 REFERENCES 20 STATUTE 20 ABSTRACT The development of the Internet and the globalization of market have brought changes in business and marketing throughout the world including Malaysia. The increase in world trade due to globalizations has received immense criticisms from society for its detrimental impact on the environment and causing social as well as trade injustices. These issues have led to the emergence of ethical consumers, who challenge business practices by demanding a more ethical conduct in the marketplace. The current legal framework is inadequate to serve as efficient and effective tools of control in protecting consumers against illegal and harmful online business despite the existence of several legislation, guidelines and codes of practice regulating online shopping. The government should think of ways and means of appropriate...
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...Women and Children trafficking in Bangladesh: A Legal Study Md. Saddam Hossen[1] ABSTRACT Sexual abuse, exploitation, trafficking are nightmares for femininity especially for disadvantage groups and trafficking is the most heinous of all. Government as well as Non- Government Organizations is working for Prevention, Protection, Rehabilitation and Reintegration of trafficked victims and population at risk. Though among these, Prevention is the most effective to reduce or eliminate human trafficking it is least utilized. Perhaps lack of mechanisms by which to measure success or outcome of prevention activities is the cause of this. Still some NGOs are working on it. In fact NGOs have been the pioneers in bringing this invisible crime into the public domain by their continuous efforts. Government is now also concerned of it because of international pressure and concern. Government initiatives give emphasis on prosecution but it is a globally chained crime where prosecute real offender is tough. Rather prevention is the possible measure to stop trafficking. It is the only pre-trafficking measure which may help a young girl or child not to be victim of trafficking. NGOs are the only actor at grass root level working for prevention so it is necessary to see- actually what they are doing and has any change took place. . The study explains the definition of trafficking, causes and consequences of trafficking. It also suggest some recommendations for the preventio9n of this problem. ...
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...INTRODUCTION First and foremost we would like to express our gratitude towards Allah the Almighty for all His blessing and kindness upon us. We also like to thanks Dr Hikmatullah Babu Sahib for giving this opportunity for us to observe the real life event in this world. Lastly, special thanks to our group members and colleagues for their cooperation and contribution to complete this assignment about plagiarism in International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM) directly or indirectly. The objective of our assignment as said by Dr Hikmatullah Babu Sahib is to do the research about plagiarism in IIUM. This is to ensure that the top management of IIUM will be more alert and take any considerable actions to those students who are actively practicing plagiarism or cheating in the exam and also using it to complete their works or assignments with intention or without intention. First and foremost, I will explain about the term that is very important in this topic. Attribution is the acknowledgement that something came from another source. This is to tell others that the ideas and work that we have done is based on others work that we take as a references. Then, there will be a bibliography which is a list of sources used in preparing the work. Meanwhile, citation is a short, formal indication of the source of information or quoted material. It is also known as the act of quoting material that we used in our assignments. Cite is to indicate a source of information or quoted...
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