...poliocePolice Dogs and the 4th Amendment Kenda Julius The University of Phoenix CJA/304 Police Dogs and the 4th Amendment The 4th Amendment Americans have protection from the law doing any unreasonable search and or seizure. The American people take the 4th Amendment very seriously and when they feel it may have been breached by law enforcement, action is usually taken. However, does the 4th Amendment also pertain to “drug sniffing police dogs”? Do police dogs need to obtain a search warrant when drugs are thought to be smelled? The Supreme Court of The United States of America recently has decided that police dogs may not search or sniff without a warrant. Florida v Jardines In December 2006 surveillance was being set up outside the home of Mr. Jardines. Miami-Dade police and the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration had gotten a tip that the Jardine household may be growing marijuana and trafficking the drug as well. On the morning of December 05, 2006 a police detective and his drug dog went up to the porch of the Jardine home. The dog “Franky” immediately set down, which is the communication the dog uses for positive drug smell. This information was then used to obtain a search warrant. Needless to say Mr. Jardine had over $700,000.00 in marijuana and was arrested. Invasion of Mr. Jardines Privacy and Trespassing Intrusion of the home is what Mr. Jardine says happened. His front door was shut and the front patio of a home is a part of the home. Therefore...
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...Search and Seizure in America CJA/364 February 10, 2015 Search and Seizure in America The fourth amendment has given us the protection against unreasonable search and seizure but what exactly does that mean? To understand, one must define right of privacy, search, seizure, arrest, and reasonableness and how each of these relates to stop and frisk, automotive search rules, and requirements regarding border and regulatory searches. Have you ever been stopped on the street or anywhere and frisked by a police officer? Individuals should be aware of the rules regarding such a situation. In the state of New York, the people, "Mayor Michael Bloomberg" (Wells 2013, p. 1) and the district court judge "Shira Scheindlin" (Wells 2013) argued about reforming the stop and frisk policy. The objective issues in improving system addressed after a stop and frisk case won by the arrestee. In the case involving the arrestee "David Ourlicht" (Whitaker, 2013, p. 1) claimed he was wrongfully stopped and frisked. The officer stopped and frisked the defendant because the object in his pocket resembled a gun. The attorney representing the defendant argued his constitutional rights, and the stop and frisk was unconstitutional. The environment of the Missouri cities, counties, suburbs, and rural area are subject to society socialization, private activity, and deviant behavior which may cause the proper authority to respond to the nature of the action the same as in New York City. Society plays...
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...How Can Technology Help Law Enforcement in the United State of America Combat Crime Name Institution Organized crime has been a serious concern in the Unites States America for numerous years. The Mafia group was the first known to be an organized crime gang. The Mafia has been powerful organized crime group existed since the 1970’s. The group was known to be planning on how to hijack the people of the United State of America. Technology can help fight organized crimes and safeguard the United States of America. The United States believes that people planning criminal activities should exist in countries that are not stable or rather be in countries that are always in conflict within the nation. The third world countries are the most affected. The main reason is because the countries lack modern and insufficient lawmakers and law enforcement personnel. These countries are not able to purchase the modern technology to fight organized crimes. The agenda should be able to share the intelligence information among the neighboring countries to allow safety and peace among the neighboring countries. The united states should form a network of anti crime which can spread and affect the country's stability and even the neighboring European States. Through technology, sharing information about group crime and mostly the most wanted groups to make work easier to track the criminal groups New technology helps in doing research.The research technology can help in enhancing...
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...Canines are a great resource for all the police departments that have them. The dog and its handler are partners for life. The dog will always be around to protect their handler and the fellow officers. Losing the dog on the job can be hard, but at least the officer will know that the canine officer died protecting civilians. Canines are able to solve different crimes because they have a better sense of smell and agility than most humans have. Being a K9 officer will be a great advantage to me because of all the different crimes that the dog and officer can stop. Fun facts abound about police canines. Robbie, a previous police canine, came over from Slovakia. Robbie, a German shepherd, was Officer Steve Roux’s dog before Officer Roux became Chief. Robbie then became Mike Carroll's...
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...Behavior Dr. Robert Roth October 19, 2015 In America today race plays a major role on how disciplines of criminology and criminal justice are used. Especially for African Americans who made up roughly 27 percent of arrest in the United States which is 1 out of 4 of every young black male. Research shows that this problem it’s only becoming worse and the outcome of a racist criminal justice system could lead to more unwarranted arrest. Race is a relatively arbitrarily social defined status. In the United States race and ethics classification system have inherent a problem of biased, racial profiling and discrimination. This contention revolves on why and how some racial minorities has been over the years, which as led to a persistently disproportionate representation in the natures crime figures including the prison population. For example, arrest for violent crimes in 2002 were a disproportionately 38 percent for Black whose portion of the National for population according to the 2000 census data, stood at 12.3 percent. Also race plays a part in how policing and racial profiling to sentences and corrections are conducted. An example of racial profiling comes in from Maryland (Prince Georges County) according to The Washington Post reported that, "in May 2001 federal prosecutors charged a county police officer with releasing her police dog on an unarmed Mexican immigrant as part of a pattern of using and threatening the use of the dog on people of color. Despite being the subject...
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...17 12/16/13 Police dogs have become a vital part of the police force. They are well trained, obedient dogs that, unlike humans, do not fear the daily challenges that are put upon them while on the job. Police units throughout the world use K-9 units. They are employed by many different police forces and by many different governmental agencies through out the world. Police dogs can search 400 to 500 packages in a half an hour. They can search a car every minute. When a dog searches a car the speed that a dog does it in saves time, when a human searcher could only do about one car every twenty minutes. Also, according to Canada Customs, in one year, 1993, the dogs searched 80,000 cars, 11 million packages and 6 million units of cargo. From this, they found 58,000 pounds of marijuana, 3,027 pounds of hashish, 18 pounds of cocaine, 29 pounds of heroin, 5 pounds of opium and 4.3 million dosage units of illegal prescription-type drugs. The combined value of all these drugs in 1993 was $192.5 million dollars. Throughout the years, dogs have been trained using natural scents as well as artificial scents; they continue to use this training by tracking people and substances in training drills and in real life situations, despite every on the job hazard. As man evolved, he began to use dogs to help hunt prey and search for food to be able to survive. However, as he became more civilized, he needed to use dogs for more than those three simple things. He needed dogs to be trained to...
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...A: Stolpestad by William Lychack The story short is about a local police officer named Stolpestad which is probably his surname. He has been called out to a house, where he meets a woman and a boy. Their dog is sick, and the woman asks him to shoot the dog, that he does. After work he goes to a bar, and gets a call from his wife about some people at his home wants to talk with him. When he comes home, the boy and his father is there to thanks him, but it doesn’t sound like they mean it, and they tell about how the dog still was a live when they dug a hole later at night. The father is angry and the police officer fells guilty. The story takes place in a small town with coffee shops, liquor stores, Laundromats, police, fire, and gas stations. There’s not much to do as police officer, especially not on a Saturday. The police officer has lived there in his whole life, and he thinks the town is sad and boring, because it’s the same streets he’d seen all his life. The town is probably in America, because of the police officer get to shoot a dog instead of vet and I think it is far away from the big cities, maybe out in the country. The story takes place in modern time, because the police officer get a call over the radio, and it was not possible back in the old days. The plot takes place during the summer, but even that is described in a sad way. Normally summer would be described in a good way, but summer in this town isn’t even good. It is described “sun never burning through the...
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...The Terror of Drugs and Violence The Terror of Drugs and Violence For over seven decades the United States has experienced an increasing drug problem in it's larger cities. This growing drug problem has destroyed lives and spread violence throughout communities in North America. Violence has also become troublesome for government and city officials to police, and in most cities when the drug sales increase the violence does as well. Drugs and violence are two separate problems facing America, but they are both key contributors to crime, poverty, and deteriorating health in large cities. Crime The continuous increase in drugs and violence in America has caused crime to reach an all time high. The drug market is a competitive yet lucrative business that employs thousands of street dealers in the United States. The competition in the drug market becomes violent when street dealers begin to fight over territory for the sale of drugs. Street dealers sometimes travel in gangs for protection against other dealers and gangsters. Drug dealers are known for conducting business on street corners, but as police departments have improved their tactics in finding and arresting drug criminals, dealers have moved to dope houses referred to as “traps”. These dope houses are manned with four to five dealers at a time and may contain multiple guns along with a variety of drugs. Here drug users may come and purchase the drug of their choice and avoid being seen buying drugs by family and...
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...Mars Inc. 1 - COMPANY BACKGROUND Mars, Incorporated (Mars or “the company”) is a privately-held company, primarily engaged in the manufacture and sale of confectionary products, pet food products, drinks and staple foods. The company operates in about 68 countries worldwide. It is headquartered in McLean, Virginia and employs about 65,000 people. The company's net sales are estimated to be around $30,000 million. Mars is a private company and has not released its annual report. Therefore, its financial details are not available. Mars produces and distributes branded snack foods, main meal foods, drinks and pet care products. It also makes drink vending equipment and electronic automated payment systems. The company operates more than 130 factories, in about 75 countries worldwide. The company operates through six business segments: chocolate; petcare; Wrigley gum and confections; food; drinks; and symbioscience. The company's chocolate segment operates under brand names such as M&M's, Snickers, Dove, Galaxy, Mars, Milky Way and Twix. The major brands under the petcare segment include Pedigree, Whiskas, Sheba, Cesar and Royal Canin. In the Wrigley gum and confections segment, the company owns Extra, Orbit, Doublemint, Skittles, Starburst and Altoids. The company operates its food segment under the Uncle Ben's, Dolmio, Seeds of Change, Ebly and Masterfoods brand names. Its drinks segment includes Klix and Flavia brands. Furthermore, the company's symbioscience segment owns...
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...Police Department Roles and Function CJA/214 August 21, 2015 Police Department Roles and Functions In today’s day and age in the United States there are numerous functions of police agencies. Traffic, patrol, juvenile services, undercover investigations, and special operations are just a few of the many functions of a police agency. There are three levels of police agencies they are local, state, and federal. Each level has some similarities as well as their differences. All functions and roles of policing in any and all communities are valuable and all serve a purpose. Police agencies have several roles and functions such as traffic, patrol, juvenile services, undercover investigations, and special operations are just a few. Police officers tasked with traffic functions are responsible for ensuring the safe movement of traffic, identifying potential traffic problems, arresting offenders, automobile accidents and injuries, safe movement of pedestrians, investigating damaged property, and regulating parking on and off the streets. Traffic functions help keep the roads safer for the public and assist with the flow of traffic. Patrolling functions and patrol officers are the most visible in the police department and are always providing police services within the community. Patrolling officers are always in the eyes of the public and working day in and day out. Patrolling can be done by vehicle, foot, bicycle, and/or horseback riding. Patrol officers...
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...The Supreme Court case I chose is the United States of America v. Raymond J. Place. The holding for this case is that a dog sniff is not a “search” under the Fourth Amendment. This case is about searching Raymond Place’s bags at the airport. Place was first suspected while he was standing in line at the airport in Miami to buy a plane ticket to go to New York’s La Guardia Airport. While Place was going to his gate, he was approached by officers and was asked for his identification. Place told the officers that they could search his luggage, but they declined due to the fact that Place’s flight was about to departure. Place’s suitcases further aroused the officers’ suspicions. The luggage tags on the suitcases had a false address. The DEA agents at LaGuardia were...
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...Dog Eat Dog? Dog fighting has been around for hundreds of years and can be traced back to Europe. The sport of dog fighting is progressively getting more and more popular. It is illegal and considered a felony under federal laws in all fifty states in the United States of America (Dogfighting Fact Sheet 1). Besides the act of dog fighting itself being illegal, there are usually always other criminal activities involved such as: drug paraphernalia, illegal weapons, illegal gambling, and gang activities. Therefore, this so-called sport of dog fighting should continuously stay prohibited, and be more harshly punished by stricter laws. This brutal and bloody entertainment sport, where dogs fight to the death, is an inexcusable example of animal cruelty. Dog fighting is believed to have started in England after bull-baiting was outlawed. Bull-baiting was a spectator sport where a bull had a rope tied around its neck and then tied to a stake in the ground. Bulldogs were then sent to attack or “pin down” the bull by grasping the bull by its nose. Many dogs would receive life threatening wounds or would be killed by the bull trying to escape the torture of numerous dogs attacking him (Luca 1). After this very popular sport was banned people who owned these bull-baiting dogs, also known as bulldogs today, began pitting these dogs against each other. After people began participating in the sport of dog fighting, people began breeding bulldogs with terriers (Background on Dog Fighting...
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...acts Peter Bower committed with his dogs and horse may be startling, but are far from the only bestiality crimes occurring across the nation. According to Examiner reports , multiple bestiality and zoophilia cases have occurred this year in America. Ohio Mansfield area man Peter Bower was found guilty of having sex with his dogs and a horse. According to 10TV police investigators found love letters to his dog, bestiality books and a blow-up sheep in the home while executing a search warrant. Bestiality is not a crime in Ohio, so Bower could only be charged with animal cruelty. Both of the dogs were euthanized. Before his arrest on a tip from neighbors, Bower blogged about his sexual exploits with animals online and shared photos, according to ABC KAIT8. Examiner notes that Bower was a frequent volunteer at the local dog shelter and worked as a dog walker. Terms of Bower's plea bargain include community service, counseling and prohibition of ever owning another pet while residing in Ohio. State Representative Jay Goyal and State Senator Kris Jordan are currently drafting legislation to make bestiality a crime in the state. Before his arrest a neighbor spotted Bower walking his dog while wearing a sign which read, just married. Arizona Sheriff Joe Arpaio of Maricopa County arrested two men for attempting to secure dogs for sex. The sting caught Keith Kiefer and Partick Trejo at a local hotel where they expected to meet with a dog handler. Trejo is a middle school teacher...
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...500 words. Word count- 1. What impact did the Jim Crow era have on African Americans achieving equal opportunities in the American Society? The Jim Crow era definitely set back African Americans in terms of achieving equal opportunities in America. The main reason being the cause of seeing blacks as only slaves. Propaganda was being thrown at the American society that blacks were nothing less than dogs and should be treated like so. The Jim Crow era consisted of separate educational institutions, restrooms, water fountains, restaurants, transportations. On the verge of those, blacks were being convicted of petty crimes and taken as...
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...refugees have gone through ever since they step foot in America. As refugees continue to live their lives in America, they have experienced racism , prejudice and discrimination. Many refugees fear that they will not be treated fairly due to the widespread of prejudice and discrimination ( Perry 12). Refugees have to deal with harassment, poor treatment, inconsistent wages, health and safety violations at work. According to an interview, some refugees felt like they are given the hardest and most dangerous job in their workplace; others felt like they are working in a place that can lead to poor health ( Perry 17). The Immigrants and Refugees Rights Project stated: “ we provide legal representation to immigrant workers whose employers did not pay them the promised wage, discriminated against them on the job, or committed other violations of employment law.” Whether the job assigned and the inconsistent wages by the employer are intentional or unintentional, the situation shows that...
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