...History of police William Mosley University of Phoenix The purpose of this paper is to describe the history of police specifically in America. It also seeks to discuss how Sir Robert Peel changed American policing as well as analyzing the relationship between American government and the policing organizations found in America. The history of police assists us to understand the origin of the policies we have today. The practices of police have over the years continued to change. There are four stages in the study of the history of police in America that are categorized according to the time the changes took place. These stages include the political era, professional era, the police crisis of 1960s and the new development stages. In the 1800’s police officers patrolled on foot to maintain security. They did not have police vehicles and did not carry any weapons. They also had challenges in communication as they did not have the police radios to receive and dispatch information. They were also not trained and did not have a police station. All they had was a police cap and budge. It was not until the 19th century that weapons started been used. The officers lacked job security as they could be hired and fired anytime without notice. The pay was not the same as police officers in the city earned better pay than those in the factories. Many officers were given the jobs by local politicians who were wealthy as a reward for serving them. In the professional...
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...The History of Police The History of Police Name Class Name and Number University Name Date Professor: Dr. The History of Police The Law enforcement officers and many of their policies are centered on the twelve principles constructed by Sir Robert Peel, and his statement of, “the people are the police, and the police are people” (Johnson, & Wolfe, 2003). Robert Peel perceived that officers did not need to encroach into citizens lives when preventing criminal activity in communities. Peel created the principles that attributed to Community policing for crime prevention like neighborhood watch, and social institution programs for youth (Johnson, & Wolfe, 2003). Community –policing also invests and synchronize in the promotion of processions, problem solving, militia-cultural competency, analysis of problems, alleviations, interconnections, resolutions for conflicts, and initiative identification. Disorder and criminal acts were the primary mission that Peel constructed as part of his principles which are; 1.) The first principle suggests officers need to be trained as military soldiers, for the purpose of staying organized and efficient while patrolling communities. Officers need to interact with outside sources for criminal activity as tips, and never...
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...Police History CJA 214 April 23, 2014 Police History The criminal justice system has changed throughout the centuries. The police force went from being non –participant in the lives of their communities to being active to make sure that their citizens were safe. They went from being called by their badge numbers to being called by their names. The government always had some participant in the police system, because they are who the department goes to when they have to make major decisions. If it was not for the justice system that we have had throughout the years then we would not be living in a safe community that we live in today. Most of us will agree that the system could use some work, but we are happy with what we have because we know that we are safe and there are people that we can go to if we feel like we are in trouble. The police and government are there to protect and serve the community to the best of their ability and the government is there to protect all of the citizens. Sir Robert Peel was a member of the Ireland forces and after serving many year, Peel was keen to reform the law in England. Peel’s ideas were resisted by Parliament because they feared his idea of introducing military tactics to improve police forces. Parliament eventually gave into Peel’s ideas and a number of officers were established by a strict standard of conduct and discipline. The officers were subjected to a chain of command and rules of conduct they had to follow. The chain...
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...Police History Jason Turley CJA 214 January 17, 2013 Jess Gutierrez Police History The efforts of policing have been around for centuries. In 2200 BC Babylon used the code of Hammurabi for standardized laws and punishments; in 27 BC Augustus created the Roman system of Vigiles; in 1285 the watch-and-word system was created by the Statute of Winchester in England; in 1748 London formed the Bow Street Runners. Despite London possessing more than 400 police officers in the early 1800s they still had no centrally organized system for law enforcement. One man set out to change this flaw in the system, Sir Robert Peel. He devoted his life to developing a police force, which would provide services and safety for communities and their citizens throughout the world. Through his dedication and hard work of creating the London Metropolitan Police, he was dubbed the “father” of Modern policing. Sir Robert Peel accomplished all this while serving as the Home Secretary of England. Parliament was hesitant at first, but later passed the Metropolitan Police Act in 1829. This ACT provided funds for a 1,000 police officer force to be controlled by strict rules of conduct and discipline. Sir Robert Peel believed that “the police are people and the people are the police,” and in order for crime prevention to be successful it must keep crime from becoming intrusive to the people and their communities. Sir Robert Peel created this list of principles for policing. 1. The...
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...The History of Police No Name CJA/214 00/00/00 Instructor: No Name We can learn a lot from the history of our police; this history tells us about how we first started off as society. As society today, this history should be something that everyone should know about. The start of our police was a great period in history. America learned a lot of its policing tactics from Great Britain and still uses many of those tactics with a few modifications today. It is a misconception that policing stayed the same over the years, they have learned and applied many different ways of handling different scenarios over the years and police departments continue to evolve. The police has gone through different stages in America’s history, political era, reform era, community era, and the new development stages. In the early colonies policing took form of both informal and communal, patrols called “Watch”. The system of the “Watch” was composed of volunteers in the community and their primary duty was to warn of potential danger. Boston was the first to create the night watch in 1663 followed by New York and Philadelphia shortly after. Watchmen would often sleep or would drink on duty making this a very ineffective crime deterrent. Most the watchmen volunteers were either forced into service by the town, as a form of punishment, or were simply attempting to evade military service. Philadelphia organized an independent police force in 1833 followed by Boston and New York with day police...
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...Police History CJA/214 Policing has been around for many years. Policing was known to exist prior to 1066, since then there have been many changes to policing styles. Throughout this paper I will be discussing police history by describing the impact Sir Robert Peel had on the way police operate and also by looking at the relationship between the United States government and the policing organizations throughout the United States and how it may affect police practices. Policing has been a part of the world for decades. In the early 1600s citizens were responsible for monitoring each other’s behavior; it was known as “watch and ward”. Later on in the 1700s, policing became more religious based. By the 1800s, policing had developed and established into a more structured organization. While many historical figures had a hand in developing the concept of today’s police guidelines, Sir Robert Peel’s nine principles have had a profound impact in the police community. Sir Robert Peel is known as “the father of modern policing” served as Home Secretary of England when he designed a collection of different elements and ideas that would eventually evolve over the years. Peel believed that policing should accrue within the community and not by military forces. These nine principles were designed to hold the police accountable to a set of rules of conduct. He envisioned police working closely with...
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...History Epi Garcia III CJA/344 September 10, 2012 Instructor Michael Morlan HISTORY American policing has undergone a series of reform-periods in response to immediate, pervasive social concerns, from its early development in the first half of the 19th century, to its shift toward depoliticizing and professionalism during the end of that century, culminating in the ongoing response to issues that demanded attention during the Civil Rights Era, and, which continue to remain prevalent. The basis for modern policing lies in the principles outlined in the 1820's, during a period of high crime, rioting, and economic instability, by Britain's then-Home Secretary, Robert Peel, who would later serve as Prime Minister (Bloy, 2002). His commonly referred to, "nine principles," became the structure for London's organized police force, refining its function, practices, and ideals in language both adaptable and explicit, appealing to notions of police productivity and effectiveness, also, over time, becoming a model for the rights of the accused and resultant law enforcement regulations and policies. The current conception of community-based policing, with focus directed toward police-community relations, is suggested in Peel's second, third, and seventh principles, detailing the importance of "public approval," "willing cooperation of the public," and maintaining a unifying relationship with the public, in mutual responsibility for law and order (Kooi, 2011). Historically...
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...Introduction: Policing today has proven to be effective after years of improvements and changes. This paper will discuss the significant features in history in Japan and the United States. There are many types of police operations. Policing in general has a wide range of different kinds of strategies and areas. I will discuss the development of both policing styles as well as how implementation can affect both countries. Japan: Japan is known for it low crime rate and its unique policing styles and homogeneous society. Sam Bacca, Chief of Police in Albuquerque New Mexico stated, “This is police paradise”, while he was visiting Japan. (Rebenfien, 1989) “Every law enforcement officer would love to have a community like this”, he continued. (Rebenfien, 1989) Chief Baca and many others offers came to Japan to observe their police system and bring those ideas back to their community. The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Statistics Bureau, Director-General for Policy Planning and Statistical Research and Training Institute reports Japan's total population in 2011 was 127.80 million and total density measured 343 persons per square kilometer in 2010. Japan has endured many trial and tribulations has a country, having to rebuild after wars and conflict. During the fourteen century short lived imperial rulers, followed by a new government established by the Ashikaja family, lasting for two centuries. (Sccnet, 1998) This was a time of great prosperity...
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...Police History In the infancy of policing the early colonists followed the English style of policing; monitoring the community on behaviors, moral, and civil obligations rather than criminal issues. Citizens performed these policing duties and were referred to as a civic duty, no training or pay was offered for these services. The wealthy citizens that did not want to serve their watch began to pay others to do their duty for them. Philadelphia began to offer monetary compensation for the citizens in 1658 for their service and jail wardens began to employ watchmen and increased their responsibilities and offered a salary. As villages and towns began to form crime increased and the need for motoring the citizens became a priority, colonies began to develop a system of sheriffs similar to the traditional policing in the English countryside. These sheriffs and constables patrolled the community for approved religious attendance and proper animal’s restraints on farms. They also collected taxes and served court papers for a fee. They were not too worried about crimes being committed In the 1840’s policing focused more on crime prevention rather than crime detection and punishment for the crime. Guidelines improved relations between the community and the newly established police officers. The community thought that the police officers should wear a uniform to distinguish them from the citizens. As society and the economy began to change crime increased and the need to establish...
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...The History of Police Andrea Cole CJA/214 June 30.2104 Kimberly Rieson The History of Police Industrialization and the large population in urban areas in the 17th and 18th century made it hard to maintain law and order in England and some major cities in America. Policing during that time consisted of volunteers from the community, also the night watchman and constables were employed but only on a part-time basis. These men had little to no training, used excessive physical force and intimidation to gain control. Sir Robert Peel (known as the “Father of Modern Policing”) was Prime Minister twice and as Home Secretary created the Metropolitan Police Act 1829. The Metropolitan Police Act was passed by British Parliament in 1829, and the police were born. ) ” As a form of ethical and operational guidance, Peel laid down nine principals intended to guide police in terms of their mandate, interaction with citizens, use of force and their overall criminal justice system” (Zacharias, 2009,para. 4). The terms "bobbies and "peelers" come from his name. Sir Robert Peel brought professionalism and accountability to the police by using the following methods also known as the Peelian Principles. The principles traditionally ascribed to Peel state that: every police officer should be issued identification number, to assure accountability for his actions. Whether the police are capable is not measured on the number of arrests, but on the lack of crime. Above all else, a competent...
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...POLICE HISTORY SEPTEMBER 12, 2015 CJS 241 POLICE HISTORY The history of policing dates back several thousand years, to when there was no peace and order. Inhumane acts upon citizens was normal with religious, political, or military police acting as the law. Policing was unstable and unorganized. Citizens took the law into their own hands and served as judge, jury, and executioner. There was no such thing as being “innocent until proven guilty.” If the community believed an individual was guilty of a crime then the community would handle the offense themselves. Early English colonists brought with them to America many familiar concepts of policing based on their own policing systems. These policing systems evolved as time progressed, resulting in major differences in responsibilities and credentials within the legal system. Now, as the U.S. Policing is based on historic English policing, the more modern roles of such officials such as the sheriff, have little in common with their historic ancestors. (CJi) As a member of England’s elite social and political class, and fighting to improve the structure of the law enforcement for more than 30 years, history expresses itself and acknowledges this member as the “father” of modern policing, also known as Sir Robert Peel (Walker & Katz). You may ask who Sir Robert Peel is and how he impacted American Policing. Sir Robert Peel updated England's criminal code. He established the first modern police force in London, whose...
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...POLICE AND HISTORY CYNTHIA PITTMAN CJA/204-INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE ERICA VELJIC 06/16/14 POLICE AND HISTORY 2 A police jurisdiction covers the streets and areas that are inside the limits of where they work. Typically a police officer cannot conduct business outside of his/her jurisdiction. By creating jurisdictions, police were allowed to pursue their own suspects in their assigned areas. Each agency “took care of their own” policing affairs. English policing have been a big influence on the United States police agencies. The watch and ward system came into play in the 1630’s as well as the officers began to wear uniforms in the 1840’s. Due to social issues, change in economy and steadily rising crime rates, Police officers began twenty four hour coverage. There was no government present, the U.S. Marshals enforced federal laws and the private citizens handled basic enforcement. Violence escalated because there were no constraints and no laws. In the 1920’s, professionalism was highly emphasized. Specialized Units such as: COPPS(Community Oriented Policing and Problem Solving) were formed. Through this program, the needs of the community were met and crime was reduced. “The creation of the Department of Homeland Security is traced to September 20,2001 when the...
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...Police History Essay (Week One) Policing in today’s society is very different than what it was back in the 1800’s. In my reading of The Police in America, An Introduction, Seventh Edition Walker and Katz explain how the very first American police officer received no training, forms of communication, policy or procedure guidelines or weapons. Corruption and abuse of police authority ran rampant. This is vastly different than to today’s policing in America. American policing was born as a product from the English heritage and focused on three main features which helped create American policing as we know of it today. The three main features were high value on individual liberty and on governmental authority, tradition of local control of law enforcement agencies, and a highly decentralized and fragmented system of law enforcement. Sir Robert Peel is known as the “father” of modern day policing. To this day his work is still discussed and taught at all different law enforcement training academies around America. Sir Robert Peel sought to fix England’s broken and collapsed law enforcement system. He created three core elements which are still used in today’s policing to help aid in crime prevention. The three core elements were the mission, strategy, and organizational structure of the police. Most of these ideas were adopted from the military but tailored to meet the needs of law enforcement. Those elements were designed to work with a proactive police approach...
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...Police History Nichole Perry CJA/214 August 24, 2014 Kevin Marshall Police History The history of the American police is fascinating because it gives insight to understanding policing today. American policing has changed drastically over the years and within the last decade of the twentieth century; the most creative period of policing has taken place (Walker & Katz, 2011). Sir Robert Peel and his principles of policing helped organize and establish clear chains of command and rules of conduct (Grant & Terry, 2012). These principles encouraged accountability and professionalism amongst officers (Grant & Terry, 2012). The U.S. government and the policing organizations throughout the United States have a working relationship but this relationship may affect police practices. The first police officer to go on patrol was a civilian that had received no training, patrolled on foot, had no radio to communicate with a dispatch, and did not carry a weapon (Walker & Katz, 2011). Furthermore, the officer had little education and did not have any manuals of policies or procedures to follow (Walker & Katz, 2011). In 1829 this all changed with the introduction of Sir Robert Peel’s Principles of policing. Peel operated the first modern police force that encouraged accountability and professionalism organized by military lines subject to clear chains of command and rules of conduct (Grant & Terry, 2012). Sir Robert Peel’s Principles are as follows: the police must be stable...
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...Police History CJA/214 September 9, 2013 Police History Policing inside of the United States has gone through many changes during the course of history. The original policing system in the United States was the model brought over from England by the early English settlers. Many of the names used for various positions in the law enforcement world were taken from this English policing structure. Through trial and error, and adjustments made because of public demands the current modern day policing model has created. Police models have always been a reflection of the people it represents or the people that control the government. In a democratic nation the power comes from the people therefore the United States policing model is a direct reflection of the people of the United States. Watch and Ward The English settlers brought with them a system of policing referred to as the watch and ward system. This system was generally not a complicated one because it relied on the citizens themselves to regulate each other and keep their behaviors within the community’s norms. It did not work well inside of communities that were multicultural because the different cultures may not share the same norms. In this policing system there was no formal training and there were no paid employees performing a function. Since there were paid employees there were no such thing investigators, therefore there were no investigations. The watch and ward system was driven by the civic duties...
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