...placing public service above profits. It can operate both in the public & private sectors and includes-museums, libraries, charitable& religious organizations, colleges, universities government agencies, political parties, labor union etc. Unnayan Shamannay denotes coordination of developmental activities, not in the narrow sense, but in the wider context of all the aspects of a living society and human race - reckoning with all the quantifiable and qualitative actions a society carries out. The members of Unnayan Shamannay have been striving to invigorate and further strengthen private sector initiatives for socioeconomic and cultural development of Bangladesh through a concerted grassroots approach.It is an innovative non-profit research organization of resourceful professionals working in the arena of research and development. It is engaged in quantitative and qualitative research work, training, communication and advocacy, cultural learning and developmental activities. The organization was incorporated in July 1994 under the Companies Act, 1913 (section 26) with the Registrar of Joint Stock Companies under the Ministry of Commerce, Government of Bangladesh (The Registration number is C-345 (02)/94).Unnayan Shamannay was conceived in the light of a felt need for an alternative socio-cultural trend, a trend that encompasses the struggle for survival thriving on the creative talent of the people. This trend does not seek to depict the country as poverty-ridden. Rather...
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...International Journal of Accounting and Taxation, Vol. 1 No. 1, December 2013 Budgetary Control as a Measure of Financial Performance of State Corporations in Kenya Kenneth Odour Adongo1 Ambrose Jagongo PhD, MKIM2 Abstract The importance of financial stability in enabling an organization to function efficiently and maximize the potential for service delivery cannot be underestimated. The quest for better service delivery under new public management in public organizations in Kenya necessitates the need for public organizations to have proper financial standing in order to run operations and motivate workers through better remuneration as well as improved working conditions. Critique of literature on factors affecting financial performance reveal that gaps remain on the influence of budgetary control on financial performance of public institutions. This study sought to investigate the relationship between budgetary controls and financial performance of state corporations in Kenya. The study sought to determine the salient features of budgetary controls in state corporations, establish the human factors within budgetary controls, establish the process of budgetary control in public organizations, and determine the challenges affecting budgetary control. A descriptive survey design was used to gather data from the state corporation’s managers of the sampled state corporations. 14 corporations were selected from the 138 to participate in the study. Purposive sampling was used to select 42 corporate...
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...CASE STUDY JENNIFER CHILDS PHARMACEUTICALS Contents * Breakdown of case study (Background) * The analyzing method * Model * Analyses of the case study (By method of comparison) * Projects * Product development * Production * operation * Marketing * Analysis of the projects (summary): * Question 1 * Question 2 * Question 3 Case study Breakdown of case study Jennifer Childs is the CEO of a mid-sized global pharmaceutical company that has offices and manufacturing plants in 8 countries. The company is moving in to new markets moving to a globalized company trend. The pharmaceutical company is experiencing and highly profitable year with $ 2 000 000 above projected profit margin. The focus is to use above profit for reinvestment into the company The CEO Jennifer Childs meets with 3 managers of the company to task them to present projects that focus to achieve the mission and vision of the company. The request for personal was given verbally Mission statement (themes) * Reduce cost * increased profit The analyzing method Used is the method where a scenario is established where by the preferred effective and efficient model for success to the requirements is established. This preferred model then is used to compare it to the case study and highlight where problems and issues exists, where by the case study is analyzed and core problems is highlighted Model: The model is based on effective, efficient...
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...and the policy, environment, government, the inter-governmental and inter-local fiscal relations, affecting among others, the following: * the giving of allotments and grants by the national government (NG) to local government units (LGUs); * sharing of taxing powers between the NG and the LGUs, and among LGUs units; * policy on tax rates and structure; * revenue and expenditure planning; * revenue utilization and expenditure allocation; * monitoring and approval of budgets, tax ordinances and other fiscal measures; * policy on borrowing and borrowing instruments; and * appointment and supervision of local fiscal officers. ORGANIZING FOR LOCAL FISCAL ADMINISTRATION: Fiscal activity is present in all levels of the organization, whether line or staff; top management level through middle management; the rank and file. Top management is most interested in it; middle management is deeply involved in it; the rank and file is affected by whatever results from it. ORGANIZING FOR FISCAL ADMINISTRATION: The principal agencies tasked with fiscal functions: 1. Congress, especially the Lower House - Congress is responsible for revenue and expenditure policies. 2. Department of Finance - Revenue generation and collection - Fund custody - Disbursements - Keeping of accounts 3. Department of Budget and Management - Review of estimates and fiscal policy studies...
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...effectiveness of the Government will be enhanced by a new Administrative Code which incorporates in a unified document the major structural, functional and procedural principles and rules of governance; and WHEREAS, a new Administrative Code will be of optimum benefit to the people and Government officers and employees as it embodies changes in administrative structures and procedures designed to serve the people; NOW, THEREFORE, I, CORAZON C. AQUINO, President of the Philippines, by the powers vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby promulgate the Administrative Code of 1987, as follows: INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS SECTION 1. Title. — This “Administrative Code of 1987.” Act shall be known as the SECTION 2. General Terms Defined. — Unless the specific words of the text, or the context as a whole, or a particular statute, shall require a different meaning: (1) Government of the Republic of the Philippines refers to the corporate governmental entity through which the functions of government are exercised throughout the Philippines, including, save as the contrary appears from the context, the various arms through which political authority is made effective in the Philippines, whether pertaining to the autonomous regions, the provincial, city, municipal or barangay subdivisions or other forms of local government. (2) National Government refers to the entire machinery of...
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...SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION MBA-EXECUTIVE PROGRAMME 2009/2010 RESEARCH PROPOSAL By KIBIKI YUSTIN, L.M TITLE: MANAGEMENT OF CAPITATION GRANTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF TANZANIA: A CASE OF KIGOMA DISTRICT COUNCIL PROPOSED SUPERVISOR: DR MBOGORO DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS –UDOM 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Problem Sound Economic Governance is essential for the achievement of the desired reduction in poverty levels and improvements in economic growth in Tanzania. Good Public Financial Management (PFM) is important for efficient, effective and equitable utilization of scarce national resources (REF). Whilst the extent to which policy makers are held accountable to their constituents is an excellent indicator of good governance. Accountability and transparency go hand in hand in developing open and participatory decision-making processes. In 2005, the government of Tanzania reviewed the financial management practices and processes at the central government level. In 2006, the focus has shifted to local government, which now accounts for an increasing proportion of expenditures and is primarily responsible for service delivery in sectors such as primary education and primary health (URT, 2004). This kind of study is therefore wanting to provide a snapshot of how the resource allocation, resource management and control, resource utilization and accountability processes take place in primary schools of Tanzania and to...
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...the education budget would not be sufficient to fund universal school education until the very distant future if the government school system is used as the only instrument. The only way to meet the Right to Education obligation is to rely on low cost private schools as a significant instrument of the government education policy. On the contrary, the proposed rte bill introduces provisions that would oppose low cost private schools. Therefore, the legislation for rte needs to be modified and framed with specific provisions for private-public partnerships. Pankaj S Jain ( pjain2002@yahoo.com) is at Gyan Shala, Ahmedabad and Ravindra H Dholakia (rdholkia@iimahd.ernet.in) is with the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. 38 T he Directive Principles of Indian Constitution obligates the Indian government to ensure universal school education. In the wake of various official committees and policy pronouncements in this regard, the Indian government has decided to submit a Right to Education (RTE) bill for parliamentary approval, which shall make it a right of each child to receive school education during 6-14-year age. The draft of this bill that implicitly mandates reliance on government type of school system as the major vehicle for RTE implementation has been approved by the cabinet. The present article analyses budgetary implications of implementing this right that provides for its court mandated enforcement. 1 Background In...
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...Executive Summary Case Study of Care-Link The focused case study in brief, is about a leading “Pharmaceutical Company” (Care-Link) operated for the past 10 years in Sri Lanka. Care-link Imports & distributes Pharmaceuticals & healthcare related products all over the country having branches in the main cities and fully operated from the head office in Colombo. The Employee strength of Care-link is approximately 300 including Managers, Executives and Workers. The problem raised In January 2009, with the appointment of the new CEO Mr. Dylan Perera (DP), as he was concerned about the high costs involved in the Training & development (T&D) department. The CEO was not satisfied nor convinced with the output of the company’s high budget T&D programs, even after several justifications made by the T&D Manager also the Product trainer, Mr. Ravi Fernando (RF) of Care-Link. It was an alarming situation that the Staff is not up to the marked performance. The CEO believes there are issues related T&D and anticipates RF to provide effective T&D Plans for budget approvals. As the HR consultant for Care-Link, I have analyzed key issues related to T&D initiatives & evaluation also about the consequences of NON T&D issues. The Scope is discussed in detail and elaborated in the paper with limitations & assumptions. The case Concludes with recommendations and suggestions made to the T&D Manager Mr. Ravi Fernando & the senior management on HR initiatives to make the training Function more...
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...Introduction Leading and decisive role in the formation and development of the economic structure of any modern society is government regulation, carried out under the authority of the chosen policy. One of the most important mechanisms that allow the state to carry out economic and social regulation is financial mechanism- the financial system of the society, the main element of which is the state budget. Through the financial system the state forms centralized funds and influences the formation of decentralized funds, providing the opportunity to carry out functions of state authorities. The state budget, as the main means of mobilization and expenditure of resources of the state gives to political power a real opportunity to influence the economy, to encourage the development of priority sectors of the economy, provide social support to vulnerable population groups. Budget – an important prerequisite and a mean of reproduction process. By means of the budget conditions for implementation of social programs, ensuring safety of environment, stimulation of scientific and technical progress, maintenance of defense capacity, and performance of other state functions are created. Relevance of this course work is that the central place in the financial system of any country is the state budget – the largest pool of money that the government uses to finance its activities. At the expense of the state budget the army, police, non-productive sphere, apparat of state administration...
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...Purpose of this case study is to identify and analyze key problems in Training & Development. And find out what are the solutions and recommendations can provide to overcome such problems. Methodology – Find out what are the key problems, issues, in the management, and Training & Development. Findings – • No Policy regarding Training & Development • Training Expenditure was very high • Not Effective in-house trainings • Do not evaluate the trainer • Training Need Analysis is not done • Evaluation of Training is not done • No proper Learning Objectives • Lacking of documentation part. Recommendations – • Develop an organizational Training & Development policy. • Make an allocation of fund to Training & Development in the annual budget. • Conducting HR Audit annually or twice a year. • Analyze the competitors what to they are doing in Training & Development. • Get a survey or feedback from those who participated in the Training & Development programme. • Include Personal Development Plan in Training & Development. • Improve the documentation part. • Get ideas to improve the Training & Development from their agencies of 05 leading global pharmaceutical manufacturers or HR Consultancy firm. • Follow the Training Cycle properly. Problem Statement Question No. 01 What are the key issues identified in the case that could have...
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...08-11-2013 Formative essay 2. “With the increase in global interconnectedness, the scope of strategic policy choices available to individual governments and the effectiveness of many traditional policy instruments tend to decline”. Discuss. Throughout the last decades, the world has experienced a number of developments in for example the spatial, technological, economic, organizational and political areas (Scholte, 2005:91-101). These developments have given growth to an intense academic debate concerning whether or not contemporary society is being fundamentally restructured. The debate is dominated by different strands of scholars either believing in or rejecting this fundamental restructuring (Scholte, 2005:17-19). Central to the debate is states’ ability to decide for and implement policies independently. The object of this paper is to discuss if the scope and effectiveness of states’ strategic policy choices have declined due to the increase in global interconnectedness (Held and McGrew, 2003: 13). The discussion will focus on whether states different positions towards this issue. Also, the implications of economic interconnectedness on the welfare state will be considered. Bearing this in mind, the paper will begin by conceptualizing the term “state”. Also, an outline of the recent development leading to the so-called ‘globalization debate’ will be made in section II. This section will function as a preface to the discussion centered around the positions of sceptics and...
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...National budget analysis FY 2013-14 ------------------------------------------------- Acknowledgement At first we would like to express our gratitude to almighty God for enabling us with the strength and opportunity to complete the term paper within the schedule time successfully. We know that practical knowledge in subject matter is essential to sub assistant the theoretical knowledge gathered in the educational institution. In order to resolve the dichotomy between these two areas, we were assigned to prepare this term paper on national budget analysis of FY13-14. First and foremost, we would like to express our gratitude to Imrana Sharmin, senior lecturer, Dept. of Economics. Her Eagerness to help us in every step of learning encouraged us to drive ourselves accomplished and well understood. Chapter No. | Description | Page | 01 | Introduction * Background of the Study * Purpose, Scope of the Study * Methodology of the Study * Review of existing literature * Limitation of the Study | 02 02 02 03 04 | 02 | Economy and Capital market * Economic Highlights * Key Economic indicators * Incentive for Capital Market | 06 07 07 | 03 | Revenue Analysis * Total Revenue composition * Total Tax Revenue Composition * Revenue Estimates | 10 10 11 | 04 | Government Expenditure * Public Sector * Power and Energy * Education *...
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...HND in Business Unit 15 - Managing Business Activities to Achieve Results Module Handbook 2013/14 Module Leader: Andy Humphries 01244 656371 Email: a.humphries@west-cheshire.ac.uk CONTENTS | PAGE NO. | 1 | WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION | 3 | 2 | MODULE RATIONALE | 3 | 3 | LEARNING OUTCOMES | 3 | 4 | OUTLINE CONTENT | 3 | 5 | TEACHING AND LEARNING APPROACH | 4 | 6 | ASSESSMENT | 5 | | | | 7 | EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES | 9 | 8 | ACADEMIC SUPPORT | 9 | 9 | EVALUATION | 10 | 10 | SCHEME OF WORK | 10 | 11 | READING/LEARNING RESOURCES | 12 | 1 WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION The overall function and direction of an organisation is determined by the nature of its corporate strategy. Strategy provides the goals, objectives and guidelines for the structure and operations of the organisation. It is by means of structure that the purpose and work of the organisation are carried out. Some structure is necessary to make possible the effective performance of key activities and to support the efforts of staff. Structure provides the framework of an organisation and its pattern of management. The manager needs to understand the importance and effects of organisation strategy and structure. The aim of this unit is to provide learners with the understanding and skills to manage their | activities in the business workplace to improve their effectiveness and efficiency. | This unit focuses on the effective and efficient planning and management...
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...Table of contents KEY TERMS 1. BASIC PRINCIPLES 1.1. Development cooperation as part of foreign policy • • • • • 1.1.1 Increasing coordination and coherence 1.1.2 Strategic planning sets the framework 1.1.3 Cooperation has various forms 1.1.4 Policies require action 1.1.5 Finland as a partner 1.2. Towards a common language • • • 1.2.1 An integrated approach improves learning 1.2.2 Project cycle - the life of a development intervention 1.2.3 Level of participation varies 1. 3. Achieving sustainable development • • • • • • • • 1.3.1 Policies must match 1.3.2 Better value for money 1.3.3 Institutional capacity makes a difference 1.3.4 People-centered development emphasises socio-cultural aspects 1.3.5 Participation enhances ownership 1.3.6 Gender equality and participatory development 1.3.7 Environment - not only ecology 1.3.8 Technology must meet the needs 2. PROJECT DESIGN 2. Situation analysis - the cornerstone of project planning • • • • 2.1.1 Background studies and the analysis of stakeholders 2.1.2 Problem analysis - key to the project’s framework 2.1.3 Objectives reflect an ideal future 2.1.4 Strategic choices begin by fixing the project purpose 2.2. Planning with logic • • • • • • • • 2.2.1 Logical framework is a practical tool 2.2.2 Intervention logic states the strategy 2.2.3 Assumptions must hold 2.2.4 Indicators make the plan concrete 2.2.5 Approach describes how 2.2.6 Organisation determines roles and responsibilities 2.2.7 Budget details financial framework...
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...UNDERSTANDING REFORM: THE CASE OF ZIMBABWE A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT NETWORK BY Dr.TAKAWIRA MUMVUMA ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE P.O. BOX MP167 MT PLEASANT HARARE Tel 303211 ext 1301 E-mail: mumvuma@sociol.uz.ac.zw or tmumvuma@mdpesa.org Mr. CHARLES MUJAJATI DEPUTY DIRECTOR-ECONOMICS MINISTRY OF FINANCE & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FISCAL & ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT PRIVATE BAG 7705 CAUSEWAY HARARE E-mail: cmujajat@mweb.co.zw Mr. BERNARD MUFUTE MANAGER: ECONOMIC RESEARCH & POLICY INTERVENTION CONFEDERATION OF ZIMBABWE INDUSTRIES P.O. BOX 3794 HARARE E-mail: bmufute@czi.co.zw 1 CONTENTS LIST 1 Introduction 2 Pre-Reform Policy Regime 3 An Overview of Major Economic Reforms in Zimbabwe 3.1The Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP): 1991-1995 3.1.1 Trade Liberalization 3.1.2 Domestic Deregulation 3.1.3 Financial Sector and Monetary Policy Reform 3.1.4 Fiscal Policy and Tax Reform 3.1.5 Labour Market Reform 3.1.6 Public Enterprise Reform 3.2 Zimbabwe Programme for Economic and Social Transformation (ZIMPREST): 1996-2000 3.3 Millenium Economic Recovery Programme (MERP): 2000-2002 4 An Overview of Major Political Reforms in Zimbabwe 5 The Research Problem 6 Justification of the Study 7 Research Objectives 8 Research Questions 9 Hypotheses 10 The Conceptual Framework 11 Research Methodology 11.1 Data Collection Methods 11.2 Basic Case Study Research Design 11.3 The Sample & Case Selection Method 12 Research Launching Seminars 13 Consultative...
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