...Policy Development Paper Donnita Cleveland CJA 464- October 14, 2015 Harry Kirk Policy Development Paper Prison overcrowding has been a major problem in this country for the last 20 years. This problem stemmed from many different causes or reasons. The fundamental breakdown of the correctional system as a whole has contributed to this problem. This has caused havoc within our system in many different ways especially from a financial standpoint. It cost a tremendous amount of money to house prisoners, and death row inmate’s cost of incarceration is astronomically high. As this paper goes along we will look at some of the reasons as to why our prisons are overcrowded, and how we might be able to remedy the situation. Prison overcrowding has become an issue in just about every state in the country, and especially in California, New York, and Texas. In 1980 there were states that a tougher outlook on crime which in turn resulted in several new policies that were adopted. California adopted, and enforced the three-strike policy, and New York implemented the broken window policy. According to Jerome Mullins,” the three strike law has significantly increased the overcrowding of prisons” (Mullins, 2005). This policy increases the prison sentence for those already serving time although it also prevents a person previously convicted from receiving any punishment other prison time. California had major impacts due to this law from the onset, and in less than a year...
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...online at www.sciencedirect.com Government Information Quarterly 25 (2008) 155 – 180 E-government policy and practice: A theoretical and empirical exploration of public e-procurement Catherine A. Hardy ⁎, Susan P. Williams Information Policy and Practice Research Group, Discipline of Business Information Systems, Faculty of Economics and Business, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Available online 19 April 2007 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to theoretically and empirically explore how public e-procurement policies are translated into practice. The theoretical argument draws on actor network theory (ANT), coupled with Colebatch’s [Colebatch, H. K. (2002). Policy (2nd ed.). Maidenhead, Open University Press.] social construct of policy, to analyze the actors, actions, and circumstances through which understanding of public e-procurement comes to stabilize (or not) into a coherent policy for action. Drawing on three case studies of central government agencies in Italy, Scotland, and Western Australia, we suggest new intellectual perspectives and methodological heuristics that may assist researchers and practitioners analytical efforts in examining sociotechnical change and the implications for policy development and implementation. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: E-government; E-procurement; Actor network theory; Social construction of policy 1. Introduction Public e-procurement, as an information system (IS) enabled innovation in government...
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...ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA (ESCWA) IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL POLICIES ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES United Nations Distr. GENERAL E/ESCWA/SDPD/2007/7 11 December 2007 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA (ESCWA) IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL POLICIES ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES United Nations New York, 2007 The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. References have, wherever possible, been verified. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. 07-0488 Preface This study has been prepared by the secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) as part of its regular programme of work for the 2006-2007 biennium. The study draws upon work that ESCWA is implementing within the framework of harnessing technology and enterprise development for the improved productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises, with a view to...
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...Model Policy making in criminal justice can be broken down into two main focal points; monitoring and evaluation. During the monitoring phase, this is where factual information about policy goals are monitored. During the evaluation phase, this is where the question arises; did the monitoring phase address the potential outcome of the intended objective? In criminal justice, the formal evaluation model would benefit these types of policies. This paper will summarize the formal evaluation model and explain why it is the most effective evaluation process in criminal justice. This paper will also look at a policy involved with criminal justice and provide reasoning why the formal evaluation process is more practical than the pseudoevaluation and decision-theoretic evaluation. According to Willam Dunn (2012), Formal evaluation is an approach that uses descriptive methods to produce reliable and valid information about policy outcomes but evaluates such outcomes on the basis of policy-program objectives that have been formally announced by policy makers and program administrators. During this type of evaluation the goals and objectives are measurable values, meaning they contain specific and realistic information gathered during the monitoring phase. In criminal justice the formal evaluation process is vital because the effectiveness and efficiency of policy outcomes are defined by legislation, various program documents, specific goals and objectives laid out by policy administrators...
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...how it is used in American society. Public administration allows public policies and actions, decision-making ability and day to day operations of an agency to be executed effectively in our environment. The reader becomes familiar with the historical and social aspects pertaining to the evolving field. Public administration does not have a definite age of existence but has been recognized as reliable tool used to perform public service in the United States for the past century. Following the overview of public administration, an example of a public agency is illustrated to further acquaint the reader to the practice of public administration and how it operates to service the public. Table of Contents I. Introduction – Brief Overview of Public Administration II. Body A. Woodrow Wilson B. Principles behind Public Administration C. Public Administration in the United States D. Luther Gulick and Functions in Management E. POSDCORB III. Community Action Agency- Brief Overview IV. Conclusion V. Bibliography Introduction Public administration is encompasses the management of public agencies, organizations, associations, nonprofit and social services as well as various programs. The field is applied to all levels of government: local, state and federal. Public administration centers itself around organizing programs, policies, initiatives and day to day operations of an agency to allow it to run effectively...
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...ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF SERVICE CHARTERS ON SERVICE DELIVERY IN MALAWI – A CASE OF SOUTHERN REGION WATER BOARD BY RASHID FRIDAY NTELELA (201004511) A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTERS DEGREE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT, UNIVERSITY OF FORT HARE, BISHO CAMPUS SUPERVISOR PROF. E.O.C IJEOMA 20th January, 2012 1 DECLARATION I, Rashid Friday Ntelela, hereby declare that this research thesis is my own original work, that all reference sources have been accurately reported and acknowledged, and that this document has not previously, in its entirety or in part, been submitted to any University in order to obtain an academic qualification. Rashid Friday Ntelela 20th January, 2012 2 Table of Contents DECLARATION ............................................................................................................... 2 DEDICATION .................................................................................................................. 7 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Introduction............................................................................................................ 9 Statement of the Problem .................................................................................. 11 Research...
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...Stakeholder Analysis Brittany Collins Dr. Richardson Public Policy Analysis and Plan 11.7.13 Introduction This paper provides a comprehensive stakeholder analysis of the affordable medical care policy change. The policy change has triggered multiple debates across the United States of America earning the name ObamaCare due to the president’s commitment to see the policy implemented. An argumentation analysis is provided identifying the different contending positions as well as assumptions. Moreover, an argument map of the issue is also developed. It is pertinent to note that the policy issue affects stakeholders across different industries of the economy in a multidimensional approach. Medical care policy The Obama care health care policy has had wide opinions among various stakeholders in the US. While there are those who support the policy, there are also those who feel that the policy will be difficult to implement and will leave many people without the ability to access basic medical care. However, there is need to analyses the medical care policy and the different opinions that are given to analyses the suitability of the policy (Doolittle, 2013). The policy was laid down as an alternative to provision of cheaper healthcare to the people. Critics of the policy have argued that the citizens are the ultimate stakeholders in this policy; however, there are other key stakeholders involved. These stakeholders include key players in the insurance sector; pharmaceutical...
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...Master of Public Administration (MPA) About the MPA Program The Master of Public Administration (MPA) program, accredited by the Canadian Association of Programs in Public Administration (CAPPA), is designed to prepare students for careers in public administration and policy work in diverse areas such as non-government organizations, industry associations, and, of course, the public service. MPA students are exposed to core concepts in policy formation and analysis, and have the opportunity to explore substantive areas such as social policy, health policy, innovation policy, trade and immigration policy, resource and environmental policy, and public sector management. This combination of theory, application and research ensures that our graduates are well prepared to: > develop strategic planning, leadership and management skills; > draft policy papers and decision documents; > engage in basic and applied policy research; > work with governments and advocacy groups to identify and promote specific policy measures; and > participate in and lead teams of individuals or groups seeking to examine problems, identify issues, promote solutions and evaluate and assess outcomes of policy measures. The MPA program can be completed in one year with the appropriate selection of courses; however, the program can be extended beyond one year for those students who need more time, are working or whose first language is not English. Students entering the program are required to participate in...
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...Better Regulation for Growth Regulatory Quality and Competition Policy Investment Climate Advisory Services of the World Bank Group With funding from FIAS, the multi-donor investment climate advisory service in partnership with BETTER REGULATION FOR GROWTH GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORKS AND TOOLS FOR EFFECTIVE REGULATORY REFORM REGULATORY QUALITY AND COMPETITION POLICY INVESTMENT CLIMATE ADVISORY SERVICES WORLD BANK GROUP ©2010 The World Bank Group 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org All rights reserved Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. About the Investment Climate Advisory Services of the World Bank Group The Investment Climate...
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...Retrospective Healthcare Policy Analysis: Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act Professional Policy Analyst from the Normative Policy Analyses Approach Retrospective Healthcare Policy Analysis: Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act was the legislated response to a highly controversial health policy debate regarding patients’ rights – specifically whether or not a patient has the right to die if they choose to do so (Altmann & Collins, 2007). While euthanasia and physician assisted suicide are not new topics, they did receive an increase in public and media attention during the early 1990s. Most notably Dr. Jack Kevorkian, who defied the law and assisted in 130 patient suicides, Dr. Kevorkian’s actions brought about increased media coverage on the topic of physician assisted suicide, which is a contributing factor as to why the Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act was conceived in the first place (Werth JR & Wineberg, 2005). On the one side of the spectrum were advocates of physician assisted suicide who maintained that it was an infringement on patients’ rights to deny them aid in dying, and inhumane to make people suffer when diagnosed with a terminal illness (Merino, 2012). On the other side were critics who concluded that physician assisted suicide was a breach of medical ethics, and morally unacceptable because it devalued human life. Furthermore, these critics found that assisted suicide was not valid because there were alternative solutions, such...
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...POLICY MAKING IN THE REAL WORLD Evidence and Analysis Michael Hallsworth, with Simon Parker and Jill Rutter 1 Contents About this report Executive summary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Introduction: The Institute’s Better Policy Making theme Why look at policy making? The drive to professionalise policy making The gap between theory and practice Process Qualities Structures Politics Improving policy making 3 4 15 16 22 30 38 46 64 80 100 103 104 10. Annex A: Methodology for survey of policy characteristics 11. Annex B: The Policy Skills Framework Contents 2 About this report This report is one of three that the Institute for Government is releasing as part of its research into policy making in government. It provides both an in-depth look at attempts to reform policy making over the last fourteen years and draws on both interviews with senior civil servants and ministers, in the last government, to look at the experience of policy making. It also draws on our analysis of government’s own evaluations of policy, our ‘Policy Reunions’ looking at the factors behind policy success and the extensive academic literature on policy making. As such, it forms the evidential and analytic base for our recommendations report, Making Policy Better. This report is largely the work of the Institute for Government’s Senior Researcher Michael Hallsworth. In its early stages, the research was led by former Institute Fellow, Simon Parker, and in the later stages was overseen...
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...Public policy reaches into all parts of society, and addresses social problems in a purposeful way, that has been decided to be for the good of the people. Any level of government, whether federal, state or local may be in involved in a particular policy effort because of social problems, public demand for action on these problems, and formulate or produce solutions that become formal plans of action (Kraft & Furlong, 2013). Resources are allocated, according to policy guidelines, to citizens within the US. Because we are a representative democracy, public opinion often mirrors public policy (Pawson & Wong, 2013). Public policy effects the public and is driven by social & economic conditions, among other things. Issues are brought forward and contemplated before they are deemed appropriate for being proposed for legislation. A policy often starts with a public problem that has been pressed by the public and/or groups for formal adoption. The issues are brought forward, solutions discussed and if found feasible, then may pushed forward to be adopted by legislatures (Pawson & Wong, 2013). For instance, states have speed limits to reduce the number of accidents on the road ways. In a given area, if there are higher than average deaths, there may be a push to reduce the speed limit on that stretch of road. I commute about an hour and a half each day to work and am often thankful to police officers who enforce the speed limit. Without these policies in effect...
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...activities cause air and water pollution but at the same time industries causing pollution support economies providing livelihoods. This creates a paradox. We need industries to create jobs, but we cannot sustain the long term effects for extensive air and water pollution to live on earth. Environmental policy is a broad issue, mostly because of the socio-political dimensions of the issue. This paper presents an environmental policy analysis with the focus on clean water and air issues. It discusses existing environmental policy and problems and contradictions related to them. It also discusses the main stakeholders and the need of stakeholders and public to participate in environmental policy making and assessment. Finally this paper provides some recommendations on environmental policy implication. Definition of the Problem It is not an easy task to define environmental problem. The issue is too complex and broad to summarize it in several sentences. Some people believe that environmental policy refers only to human relationships to nature; they understand that much environmental policy deals with human health concerns (Kraft & Furlong, 2009, p.341). Putting environmental policy even at a broader context, it can be defined as government actions that affect environmental quality and the use of natural resources (Kraft & Furlong, 2009, p.342). There is no doubt that environmental issues are global issues. Entire world is facing important environmental problems that need to be...
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... Abstract The purpose of this paper, An Understanding of Public Administration, is to provide the reader with an overview of the field and its application towards public programs, agencies, groups and other associations. It also provides a clear definition, introduces some principles associated with public administration along and how it is used in American society. Public administration allows public policies and actions, decision-making ability and day to day operations of an agency to be executed effectively in our environment. The reader becomes familiar with the historical and social aspects pertaining to the evolving field. Public administration does not have a definite age of existence but has been recognized as reliable tool used to perform public service in the United States for the past century. Following the overview of public administration, an example of a public agency is illustrated to further acquaint the reader to the practice of public administration and how it operates to service the public. Table of Contents I. Introduction – Brief Overview of Public Administration II. Body A. Woodrow Wilson B. Principles behind Public Administration C. Public Administration in the United States D. Luther Gulick and Functions in Management E. POSDCORB III. Community Action Agency- Brief Overview IV. Conclusion V. Bibliography Introduction Public administration...
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...community analysis paper for the semester is a project that you will complete individually; the topic of this paper should ideally be based on a question of interest to you and related to your community concern (work and family, schools, crime, or health and the environment). You have two options for the term paper. For your first option, you should choose a specific community problem and evaluate the extent to which government policies or non-profit initiatives solve the problem at hand. If this is your choice of paper, be sure to address the following: 1. the extent of the problem in low-income communities generally and (to the extent that you can) in Highland Park in particular. When completing this section, you will find that the work that we did in class with the statistical data and the community profile your group is assembling of great use. I encourage you to draw from them. 2. the reasons why this problem exists in low-income communities, or is worse in low-income communities than in more affluent ones. In this section, you will most likely draw heavily from the required and recommended readings as well as the blog postings you and your colleagues did throughout the semester. In addition, you may need to turn to library research. You should consult the sources listed under the RESOURCES page on the course website, and feel free to schedule a meeting with Laura Horne, our course’s reference librarian. 3. and the extent to which our public policies alleviate...
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