... COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY guidance on the application of community development approaches to different aspects of anti-poverty and social inclusion work €10 Siobhán Lynam Bridgewater Centre, Conyngham Road, Islandbridge, Dublin 8 Tel: 01 670 6746 Fax: 01 670 6760 Email: info@combatpoverty.ie Website: www.combatpoverty.ie COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY Siobhán Lynam Community Development and Public Policy 1 © 2006 ISBN: 1-905485-11-5 While every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this book is accurate, no legal responsibility is accepted by the author or Combat Poverty for any errors or omissions. The views expressed in this publication are the author’s own and not necessarily those of Combat Poverty Agency. 2 Community Development and Public Policy CONTENTS Acknowledgements Preface 4 5 Introduction Background to the publication Structure of the publication 6 6 Section 1: Defining public policy 1.1 What is public policy? 1.2 How is policy made? 1.3 The public policy cycle 1.4 Example of a community organisation’s impact on policy 7 7 8 13 16 Section 2: A community-development approach to policy making 2.1 Giving voice to excluded groups 2.2 Characteristics of a community-development approach 2.3 Value of adopting a community-development approach 18 18 19 21 Section 3: Influencing public policy making 3.1 Develop a policy agenda 3.2...
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...On The Development of Comprehensive Information Security Policies for Organizations The article selected for review is titled, “On the Development of Comprehensive Information Security Policies for Organizations.” The article is from the International Journal of Academic Research; the authors are Fahad T. Bin Muhaya, Fazl-e-Hadi, and Abid Ali Minhas. The article offers guidelines on the development of information security policies for organizations based on a proposed framework. The introduction of the article emphases the importance of protecting information, “Information security failures have gradually damage many progressing organizations; ruining its repute, reducing customer trust and ultimately lose its market share.” I believe is this a very strong introductory statement. The introduction of the article also implies that a new form of terroristic attacks may come from breaching organizations and accessing sensitive information. The authors further suggest that information security comprises of three elements which are human, organizational, and technological vulnerabilities. The article objective is clearly stated as a tool on how to develop or improve information security. The development approach when viewing an organizational structure is defined in the article as threats versus defense. The article identifies security policy issues at the environment, application, cryptography, network, and physical layers. This is a simple definition but I feel that viewing...
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...Monetary Policy and Capital Market Development in Bangladesh Policy Note: PN 0708 Shubhasish Barua* and Md. Habibour Rahman* Abstract Bangladesh Bank (BB) adjusted its monetary policy stance during 2005 in order to contain inflationary pressures and facilitate stability in the foreign exchange market. At the end of 2005, interest rates on NSD certificates were also adjusted upward. The latter development, however, raised some concern among different economic agents regarding its possible impact on the country's capital market. In this paper we attempt to closely inspect the evolvement of monetary policy and capital market indicators in recent years and their possible interrelationship to shed some light on the issue. Since prices of stocks are mainly determined by company fundamentals, monetary policy can have only short term effect on stock prices. Even in the short run, effect of interest rates on stock prices is less clear-cut, and in a less developed capital market like Bangladesh, stock prices do tend to respond, for short term, to new reform measures and government incentives. 1. Introduction Bangladesh Bank (BB) adjusted its monetary policy stance during 2005 in order to contain inflationary pressures and facilitate stability in the foreign exchange market. At the end of 2005, interest rates on NSD certificates (government borrowing instruments from the non-bank public) were also adjusted upward. The latter development, however, raised some concern among different...
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...Policy Development Prison crowding is becoming more and more of an issue in the United States. Every day the problem continues to grow as each person who is arrested, taken into to custody and ultimately convicted joins the prison population. Concerns have been raised when it comes to the topic of prison and its population by everyone from the public to law makers. Over the years, the growth of prison capacity has been slightly behind that of the inmate population always resulting in an overcrowding issue. “There has been no consistent evidence that crowding is associated with mortality, morbidity, recidivism, violence, or other pathological behaviors, but rather due to changes to both federal and state sentencing policies. These changes have increased the proportion of the individuals who are charged with felonies and sentence to lengthy jail and prison sentences” (Van Ness, 2008). In addressing any problem area, one first must define the terms or operational definitions. “The United States Supreme Court on November 30, 2010, heard oral argument in Schwarzenegger v. Plata about whether a federal court in California properly ordered the release of 40,000 prisoners to relieve the severe overcrowding in the state's prisons that has led to inadequate medical and mental health care for prisoners” (“U.S. Supreme Court Reviews Prison Overcrowding And Horrendous Conditions Of Confinement,” 2010). “America’s prisons now hold more than 2.3 million people, and many of the...
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...Policy Development Natausha Crespin CJA/464 November 3, 2014 Kim Chapman Policy Development Domestic violence can be described as any form of deliberate coercion, bodily harm, sexual assault, or any other form of violent behavior committed by an intimate partner. Domestic violence has plagued all walks of life despite the age, race, religion, or background. Violence against an intimate partner is frequently followed by psychological abuse and controlling behavior relating to the methodical blueprint of power and control. Domestic violence comes in many forms but not always seen by the naked eye. Domestic violence constitutes forms of physical abuse, psychological abuse or even death that can be seen by other family members possibly causing a continuous cycle of abuse for generations to come. Facts and Statistics It is hard to grasp the notion that somewhere in the world every nine seconds a woman is being beaten or assaulted. On average, 85% of victims of domestic violence are women and 1 in every three women will endure some form of domestic violence in their natural life. Sadly enough only one fourth of all victims who have been physically assaulted by an intimate partner will actually report it to the police, implying that official statistics will never justify the full scope of the problem. The average age of a female victim who is at the greatest risk of harm by an intimate partner is between 20 to 24 years old. Domestic violence is...
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...Tnegra Design Development of connection policy for distributed generation in the UK Gareth Evans Technical Directorate, Ofgem The British Electricity & Gas Regulator 1 gareth.evans@ofgem.gov.uk ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra Design Development of connection policy for distributed generation in the UK • Introducing Ofgem • The challenge of DG • Connection incentives • The Electricity Networks Strategy Group • The Energy White Paper • Conclusions 2 ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra Design Development of connection policy for distributed generation in the UK • Introducing Ofgem • The challenge of DG • Connection incentives • The Electricity Networks Strategy Group • The Energy White Paper • Conclusions 3 ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra Design About • Total staff currently ~300 • Principal disciplines: – Economists 50% – Finance/Admin 15% – Legal 6% – Social/Environmental 6% – Technical 6% • Overall Budget ~£30m per year 4 Ofgem’s main office near Houses of Parliament + small office in Glasgow ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra Design Principal objective • Our first priority is to protect the interests of consumers now and for the future. We do this by: – promoting markets/competition wherever appropriate, and – regulating effectively the monopoly companies which run the gas and electricity networks 5 ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra...
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...Policies For Curriculum Development Ashanti C. Chambers Grand Canyon University 10/30/2013 Policies For Curriculum Development Instructional practices and there implementation are crucial to the success or failure of students. In order to achieve high-level learners based on a standardized curriculum, instructional practices must be examine and analyzed to ensure that all student’s needs are met. There are proven instructional practices that have led to higher level learning and student success that are engaging and allow students to be responsible for their own learning. By aligning these practices with a standard based curriculum, students can be successful at applying their learning to real world problem solving while passing the curriculum-based assessments to determine student growth. Marzano’s High Yield Strategies It has been said that teacher are made, not born. Robert J. Marzano used this premise to start his work on creating instructional strategies that can make any teacher an effective instructor. An important study during the late 1960’s indicated that teachers form expectations about their students’ chances for academic success and then interact with students on the basis of those expectations (Marzano, 2010, p. 82). This basically says that teachers often treats students according to what they expect each can do based on their abilities. With these expectations, students will usually start to act in accordance with the expectation that this treatment...
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...Why do some countries fail to thrive? Critically evaluate one or two policies aimed at boosting growth & aiding development. Critically evaluate one or two policies aimed at boosting growth & aiding development. In this essay I will address why countries fail to thrive as well as evaluating the policies that boost economic growth and development. Globalization is a process of international economic integration effecting output of goods and services, input of capital and labor and aiding diffusion of knowledge and information. Breaking artificial barriers for goods and services in the last two decades has had a positive affect on development. Many countries have had successful economics growth and better standards of living due to increases in exports measured through increase in GDP. Even with better economic integration in the last two decades some countries still fail to thrive and benefit from globalization. Yet still some economies fail to thrive. There are many issues that can be looked at to understand why some countries have not developed quickly and efficiently as others. According to Jeffrey Sachs 2005 book ‘The end of poverty’; the richest countries in the world are ahead by two decades in relation to growth and economic gains. Poorer economies have suffered greatly due to poverty and geographical barriers such as famine and pandemics. Other issues such as political instability and collapsed governments have been a central focus point of many critics. I will...
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...Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations – Spring Trimester 2010 Topic: Cameroon’s Trade and Development Policies: Analysis and recent Tendencies Student: ANYANGWE Fombang Claudius Course: International Trade and Development: 21st Century Issues Instructor: Prof. Dr. Gustavo Olivares Abstract: Cameroon was one of the few privileged countries to join the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995 as a founding member while establishing a Common External Tariff (CET) to enhance intraregional trade under the CEMAC economic bloc. This accession came at a time when Cameroon was implementing drastic structural reforms to handle the scourge of the great economic depression of the 1990s that spread as wildfire across most African countries. In struggling to advance the IMF-World Bank proposed structural reforms of economic liberalization and privatization, WTO was seen as an appropriate panacea for the devastated economic situation by providing a multilateral trading system where Cameroon could gain greater market access for its products and attract foreign direct investment. This paper analyzes the trade and development policies that Cameroon has adopted within the framework of the WTO and other economic partnership agreements in addressing the developmental and economic problems facing Cameroon. The study explores Cameroon’s past and ongoing negotiations geared towards the objectives for an open trade regime. The study concludes that despite the loopholes in WTO that...
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...A Criticism of Neoliberal Policies as a Method of Development * Neoliberalism is a philosophical theory that uses market value as the primary method of evaluating all aspects of life. Thus, the market is seen as the template for all other activities within a society, even those that involve an ethical dimension. (Paul Sukys, 2009) Thesis Statement: The pro-market principles that neoliberalism encourages do have benefits that, if managed realistically, are means of development and sustainment for countries worldwide. * “The neoliberal doctrine emphasizes competition over cooperation and in doing so encourages each individual to pursue his or her own well being, thus effectively creating "companies of one" who will sell whatever they possess (talents, property, abilities, education, and so on) in order to accumulate "points," in whatever way those points may be defined within a given system.” (Jason Read, 2008) * “Neoliberalization has not been very effective in revitalizing global capital accumulation, but it has succeeded remarkably well in restoring, or in some instances (as in Russia and China) creating, the power of an economic elite...” (David Harvey, 2007) * Neoliberalism is an ideology, method of governance, and a set of policies which originated out of classical liberalism and as a backlash to Keynesianism during the early 1980’s (Steger and Roy 2010:10-11) * Neoliberal intellectuals insisted that the ‘free market’ was a superior mechanism for...
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...Factors that Shape Policies in Sports Development in the UK Communities. Name + Code: Professor’s Name: University’s Name: State/City: In the community, sports seem to be a form of utilizing leisure time. Apart from being a form of recreation, it is also a profession activity. Thus, it is a common phenomenon to see teenagers as well adults engaging in sports activities such as football, swimming, hockey, and running. Sports have a number of benefits to the community that tend to help the teenagers and the adults. For instance, it keeps young people busy; thus, they do not have time to engage in drug abuse and crime. The frequent exercises often improve the physical health of the population; thus, they avoid diseases such as obesity (Coalter, 2007). Such benefits need the intervention of the government to improve the state of the sporting facilities. Therefore, the government must establish policies that will ensure efficiency in the sports department. Such policies will go ahead and improve the state of sports in the community level. The essence of improving sports at the ground level is to tap the talent of the youngsters (DCMS, 2008). A wide pool of talent will ensure success of the country in international sports activities. A number of factors such as employment, engagement, investment as well as the countries prestige tend to encourage policy development in sports. In essence, such factors tend to shape policy developments in community sports (Coalter, 2007). Although everyone...
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...THANE MUNICIPAL CORPORATION THANE DEVELOPMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION STATUS REPORT March, 2009 THANE MUNICIPAL CORPORATION THANE DEVELOPMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION STATUS REPORT March, 2009 THANE MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, THANE All rights reserved Compiled & Prepared by D.P. Implementation Cell Thane Municipal Corporation, Dr. Almeida Road, Panchpakhadi, Thane – 400 602 CONTENTS 1.0 THANE DEVELOPMENT PLAN AT A GLANCE..................................1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Development plan of Thane City ................................................1 The salient features of the sanctioned development plan ..........1 Broad zoning ..............................................................................2 Status of Reserved Sites ...........................................................2 Issues and Concerns in D.P. Implementation.............................4 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 LAND ACQUISITION...........................................................................5 MAJOR POLICY DECISION .............................................................13 MODIFICATIONS TO DCR & DP .....................................................17 RESERVATION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME ............................19 AMENTITY / R.G. DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME.........................23 AREA IMPROVEMENT SCHEMES & MISSING LINKS ...................27 RECOVERY OF DEVELOPMENT CHARGES .................................29 OTHER ACHIVEMENTS .................
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...Faculty Research Working Papers Series Industrial Policy for the Twenty-First Century Dani Rodrik November 2004 RWP04-047 The views expressed in the KSG Faculty Research Working Paper Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the John F. Kennedy School of Government or Harvard University. Copyright belongs to the author(s). Papers may be downloaded for personal use only. INDUSTRIAL POLICY FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY* Dani Rodrik Harvard University John F. Kennedy School of Government 79 Kennedy Street Cambridge, MA 02138 (617) 495-9454 Fax: (617) 496-5747 E-mail: dani_rodrik@harvard.edu http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/rodrik/ This version September 2004 * This paper has been prepared for UNIDO. I am grateful to Francisco Sercovich for his guidance. I am also grateful to Robert Lawrence, Lant Pritchett, Andres Rodriguez-Clare, Andres Velasco, and especially Ricardo Hausmann and Roberto Unger for conversations over the last few years that led to the development of these ideas. None of these individuals should be held responsible for the views expressed here. I also thank Magali Junowicz for expert research assistance. I. Introduction Once upon a time, economists believed the developing world was full of market failures, and the only way in which poor countries could escape from their poverty traps was through forceful government interventions. Then there came a time when economists started to believe government failure was by far the...
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...Diversity Policy BSBDIV601A Q-1 List a number of benefit that diversity policy can bring to an organisation. How do these relate specifically to business objectives? A - A more diverse workforce... will increase organisational effectiveness. It will lift morale, bring greater access to new segments of the marketplace and enhance productivity. In short... diversity will be good for business. Diverse workplaces make good business sense for an organisation. A diverse workforce increases the opportunity to bring various perspectives to identifying and solving problems—a set of perspectives that more likely represent broader community views. Some of the benefits of diversity in business objective: - Increased innovation A diverse workforce means a broad range of perspectives, ideas and insights, not only in policy development and implementation, but in defining the policy challenge at the outset. - Improved service to our clients A workforce that reflects the diversity of the community it serves understands the needs of its clients better, enabling more efficient and responsive policy and service delivery outcomes. - Modelling what we promote The organisation has a role in promoting principles of equity and diversity in the Australian economy and community. Q-2 In your research you have accessed diversity policies from a number of other organisations. What did you learn from this and how relevant was the information gathered? A – 2 Adopting diversity policies offers...
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... Ranch Manager, and Chris Benziger, partner and National Sales Manager, must decide whether to continue development of an EMS slowly or to forcefully pursue ISO 14001 certification. To be able to answer this question, I must assess and evaluate the information provided in this case. I will start with an assessment of the EMS Gap Analysis which is a checklist consistent with ISO 14001 requirements. This checklist is in the form of questions ask such things as what is their policy, and provide documentation such as records, actions, and management review. At first glance it seems as though Benziger Family Winery leaves a lot to be desired in the way of completing these goals, but upon further inspection it is apparent that the winery has taken great steps towards completion of these goals and only need to follow through on most of the activities already begun. For instance, the communication plan, EMS documentation and writing of the SOPs have all begun but have aspects that are still in development. I believe that in order to complete these steps, effective time management will help the winery become successful in the completion of the EMS Gap Analysis. When looking at their environmental management cases and comparing them to their environmental goals I noticed that some of them coincide and others do not. For instance, Benziger has developed an environmental policy specifically stating...
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