...History of Policy The latest results are from Gallup's annual Crime survey, conducted Oct. 7-10, 2010. According to the trend, the highest level of public fear about being victimized when walking alone at night was recorded in 1982. At that time, nearly half of adults, 48%, said they were afraid, while 52% were not afraid. Fear stayed fairly high through 1993, registering above 40%, but then descended to 30% by 2001. It has since increased slightly, although it has not returned to the record-high levels. This trend in Americans' perceptions of their personal safety contrasts with federal crime statistics showing a sharp, steady decline in the rate of violent crime (including murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault) over the past 16 years. After two decades when violent crime registered at or near 50 victims per 1,000 population, crime plummeted during the 1990s and 2000s, and is now at its lowest level in recent history. Fear Varies by Gender, Income Americans' fear of crime victimization relates strongly to two distinct factors: household income and gender. Adults living in low-income households are roughly twice as likely as those living in high-income households to be afraid, 48% vs. 23%. Women are more than twice as likely as men to say they are afraid to walk alone at night near their home, 50% vs. 22%. This 28-point gender gap conforms to what Gallup found on this issue globally in 2009 with a different question asked in 105 countries...
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...fundamental freedoms that “everyone in the world” are entitled to enjoy. These four freedoms are: Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Worship, Freedom from Want and Freedom from Fear. Although this speech was given almost a year before Americans involvement in WWII, it set the tone for how Americans will view foreign affairs from that day forward. From the end of World War I until the United States involvement in World War II the United States held a position of non-intervention in foreign affairs. Even as World War II raged on in Europe, the United States held off sending American combat solders until December 7, 1941, the day Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. The very next day the United States declared war on Japan and changed how its non-intervention policies for good. With Nazi Germany, Japan and the rest of the Axis powers defeated, World War II came to a close in 1945. From the rubble emerged the United States, by far the world’s greatest super power. The United States had the world’s most powerful military, accounted for half the world’s manufacturing and possessed the world’s only atomic bomb. They now had the opportunity to give the world Roosevelt’s four freedoms. Knowing that for their capitalistic government to continue to succeed and grow there needed to be a global economic reconstruction. Simply put, capitalism requires free trade to grow and the other countries of the world were in economic turmoil and in no position to freely trade. Establishing the United Nations, World Bank...
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...twentieth century, United States foreign policy would begin to take a decisive turn, which would ultimately catapult and establish the country as one of the great world powers, in addition to setting a standard of future international engagement throughout the twentieth century. Prior to 1896, the United States had a largely none interventionist and insular approach when it came to foreign policy and international relations. While there were moments of engagement up to this time, coupled with watershed foreign policy directives (such as the Monroe Doctrine and its subsequent application), the United States had a tendency to mind its own business and only get involved in global politics when events threatened to directly affect the country's security. All this, though, would change by the late 1890's. When William McKinley took the office of president in 1897, a gradual change in the mindset of the United States populace, which had been fermenting since the end of the Civil War, was about to reach it's realization. While there were still many voices which supported inward looking policy and a non-involvement stance when it came to the international arena, the pendulum had swung toward a populace which viewed itself and it's country with a great sense of pride and self-importance, which would soon be exercised. When rebellion against Spanish rule again flared up in Cuba in 1895 (largely due to the detrimental economic effects of US tariff policies concerning imported Cuban sugar), many...
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...AS LEVEL Specification HISTORY A H105 For first assessment in 2016 ocr.org.uk/alevelhistorya We will inform centres about any changes to the specification. We will also publish changes on our website. The latest version of our specification will always be the one on our website (ocr.org.uk) and this may differ from printed versions. Copyright © 2014 OCR. All rights reserved. Copyright OCR retains the copyright on all its publications, including the specifications. However, registered centres for OCR are permitted to copy material from this specification booklet for their own internal use. Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations is a Company Limited by Guarantee. Registered in England. Registered company number 3484466. Registered office: Hills Road 1 Cambridge CB1 2EU. OCR is an exempt charity. Contents Introducing… AS Level History A (from September 2015) Teaching and learning resources iv Why choose an OCR AS Level in History A? 1 1a. Why choose an OCR qualification? 1 1b. Why choose an OCR AS Level in History A? 2 1c. What are the key features of this specification? 3 1d. 2 iii Professional Development 1 ii How do I find out more information? 3 4 2a. Overview of AS Level in History A (H105) 4 2b. Content of AS Level in History A (H105) 5 2c. Content of unit group 1: British period study and enquiry (Units Y131 to Y143) 8 2c. ...
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...There are still 37 states have no policy against hiring discrimination for the ex-offenders. Most states that have "ban the box" policies exclude private employers. For those states that extend the policy to private employers make exemptions for small businesses. In conclusion, providing education to inmates in prison to meet job requirement and adopting "ban the box" policies are means of improving the health of vulnerable populations and decreasing health inequities. Greater attention should be devoted to studying the health status of individuals with criminal histories and their families. Without providing education to the inmates and fair hiring policies for ex-offenders, we will continue to see health disparities widen and communities destroyed by the epidemic of mass...
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...populations of Sub-Saharan Africa(Foner & Garraty,1991). The time I choice to focus on with my group was the civil rights movement. This era play a key role in African American history. What is the African American history leading up to this time? What was going on during this era? What social policy was affected during this time? History: There was a lot of history leading up to the civil rights movement. In the late 1950s and 1960s there was an increase in racial violence and protests in the South(Jansson). A 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation African Americans in the South still inhabited a unequal world(Foner & Garraty). “Jim Crow” laws at the local state levels barred them from businesses, schools, public bathrooms, transportations, and theaters from juried and legislatures(Foner & Garraty). In 1954 the U.S. Supreme Court shut down the “separate but equal” doctrine that formed the basis for state-sanctioned discrimination(Foner & Garraty). This event draw national and international attention to African Americans’ plight. Large segments of the populace-particularly African Americans, women, and men without property have not always been accorded full citizenship rights in the American Republic, civil rights movements, or “freedom struggles” have been a frequent feature of the nation’s history ( Foner & Garraty). Movements to obtain civil rights for black...
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...to work. Thesis: To help understand my topic, I will be discussing the history of paid maternity leave and how it is in Wisconsin. Credibility: I have read and studied paid and unpaid maternity leave for the past two weeks. Preview: First I will talk about the history of paid and unpaid maternity leave and then I will compare it to other countries. Transition: Let’s start with more details. Body History (signpost):...
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...The US foreign isolation policy consists on focusing the interest in the internal affairs of the country in search of prosperity, and to ensure safety. It was against of making alliance with other nations, or the participation in international conflicts outside the United States (United States History, n.d.). The US Isolation policy started during the presidency of G. Washington, who placed it in his Farewell Address. Later on, in 1823, Monroe established the Monroe Doctrine, which shared the same ideology as Washington (United States History, n.d.). However, when the Democratic party took the presidency of US failed in her aim of making the nation a protector of the world’s peace and democracy, which gave the power to the Republican party of reestablish the distrusted Isolation policy. When Woodrow Wilson entered to power, who was from the Democratic party, and this policy changed. He distrusted the Neutral policy, and took US into the First World War in order to “make the world safe for democracy”. He thought that it was a responsibility of the US to aimed it (The White House, n.d.). Nonetheless, because the great number of american soldiers dead casualties during the war, economic depression in an international level, and the need for increase attention to internal/domestic problems led the Republicans to argue against Wilson’s desire of enter into the the Covenant of the League of Nations (US Department of State: Office of the Historian, n.d.). Moreover, after the WWI...
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...Karen Raybould March 21, 2013 SOCI 1310 Book Review The book Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee, an Indian History of the American West written by Dee Brown is a unique look at the “civilization” of the West through the eyes of the Native American populace rather than through the point of view of American settlers. It is intended to open the eyes of the reader, presumably a white American, to what truly happened during the conquering of the American West and dispel the romanticized version of western settlement popular in mainstream media and history. In the author’s own words “Americans who have always looked westward when reading about this period should read this book facing eastward.” (Brown, XXIV). Through his retelling of history, Brown discusses the effects of stereotypes, the influence of European habits of colonization, and the evolution of American policies regarding the native people. This book was written as a revisionist history of the American West from the point of view of the loser instead of the typical history which is written from the winner’s perspective. In that regard it was highly successful as even Native American authors wished they had written the book. “’Every Indian will wish he had written it,’ said Vine Deloria, author of Custer Died for Your Sins. ‘I wish I had.’” (Brown XVIII). In this work the author presents the history of the Native Americans from their own words and records. He has painstakingly combed through military negotiation...
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...The Mutilation of History “Who controls the past controls the future; who controls the present controls the past.” (Orwell, 211). History is not necessarily as it appears in history books. People just believe what has been printed in those books without a second thought, but history may have not actually happened that way. George Orwell explores this possibility in his novel 1984, where the main character Winston Smith questions this altered history. In Orwell’s world of 1984, the government changes history to fit their own purposes. This mutability of history is shown through the description of Winston’s job, the newspaper clipping and picture, and the Party’s policies. For a prime example, Winston Smith has a job within the government and his job description is to change history books, newspaper articles, and any other written records to fit the government’s new version of history. Orwell shows the true nature of Winston’s job when he writes, “It was therefore necessary to rewrite a paragraph of Big Brother’s speech in such a way as to make him predict the thing that had actually happened” (Orwell 34). This shows Winston rewriting a previously given speech to make it seem that Big Brother had correctly predicted what happened even though in reality he had been wrong. This is portraying the altering of history in order to fit the Party’s purposes. At one point Winston, who is questioning this alteration of history, finds proof of the history changing. He finds a newspaper...
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...patient’s care for the duration of their stay starting from the admission process and ending when they are discharged. This system allows us to assess our strengths and weaknesses concerning policy, procedures, and systems in place to provide quality care in conjunction with the standards set forth by the JC. Summary of Tracer Patient Audit Findings This particular survey was conducted concerning a patient that is a 67 year old female, presenting with fever and drainage approximately 5 weeks after an open hysterectomy. The tracer patient was subsequently admitted for a possible postoperative infection. The tracer patient then endured another surgery to treat the infection that started after the original surgery. The patient also received a central line which is used to administer long-term antibiotics. NCH is arranging to discharge the patient to go home with home health, with the aid of her husband, to help administer her antibiotic therapy after discharge. The audit of this particular patient’s care revealed areas that present an opportunity for correction and improvement. Specifically, the patient did not have a history and physical completed until more than 72 hours after being admitted to NCH. The Joint Commission (n.d.) states that, “The patient receives a medical history and physical examination no more than 30 days prior to, or within 24 hours after registration, or inpatient admission, but prior to surgery or a procedure requiring anesthesia services” (Joint...
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...Competition Policy: Introduction What is Competition Policy Brief history of competition laws Objectives of competition policy Relationship with other public policy objectives 1 What is competition policy? Definition: Competition Policy aims at ensuring that competition in the marketplace is not restricted in a way that is detrimental to society Why do we need a competition policy? Market failure also in markets without natural monopoly features. Even if entry is possible, dominant positions might persist, due to: • sunk costs industries • lock-in effects and switching costs • network effects 2 What is competition policy, II We need competition policy also because: Un-monitored, firms may resort to actions that increase their profits, but harm society, such as: • • • • Collusion Mergers which lessen competition Predatory behaviour Exclusionary behaviour 3 Competition policy vs. regulation Both justified by market failures, but they differ by: Procedures and control rights • Regulation: more extensive powers (price, investments, products…), intervenes on market structure Timing of oversight • C.P.: ex-post; regulation: ex-ante • C.P.: usually more time • Occasional vs. continuous intervention Information intensiveness • Industry-specific for regulation 4 Demarcation lines become fuzzier Despite these differences, the distinction between competition and regulation is less clearcut: Merger control: preventive authorization...
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...news outlets have proven that there is little room for mistakes in this theatre of operations. People around the world form opinions about our Nation and our Force from these media sources; opinions that may be hard to overcome when the feet of our Sailors hit the shores of their country. The conflicts that our Nation is involved with around the world, now and in the future, require us to be a diverse force that provides a positive image demonstrating the intended positive result to the people with whom we interact. This paper discusses the history, the current policies and the potential future results of diversity efforts in United States Navy (USN). Using readily available resources, I will discuss how diversity has strengthened the Navy over the course of the past two centuries and the potential effect as we plot our course into the future. Our Navy history made stronger through diversity Our Navy’s history is filled with ordinary people from diverse backgrounds who came together for the common cause of assuring our Nations security and protecting our National interests abroad. Although they came from diverse backgrounds, they are heroes because of their actions and the experiences that brought them to serve our Nation and our Navy. John Paul Jones 1 was born in July 1747 in Scotland at a gardener's cottage, the son of a humble gardener. Having made his way...
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...Mike Schapman Professor Adamson ENG 111 2/21/2014 A Trillion Dollar Waste It was in 1971 when President Richard Nixon began the “war on drugs.” This “war” was supposed to reduce the trade of illegal drugs, and yet, the country has seen an increase in the trade of illegal drugs. With the largest prison population in the world, the United States keeps approximately 2.3 million behind bars. Over half of that population is incarcerated for drug-related crimes. That is 1,150,000 lives wasting away in the prison system. To effectively rectify injustice, the United States government needs to end the war on drugs (“A Brief History of the Drug War,” Branson). First, the government must address the criteria for who is problematic enough to incarcerate. In 2005, the United Nations estimated that there are over 230 million illegal drug users worldwide, yet 90% of that sample is not categorized as “problematic.” Today, there are about 500,000 individuals in United States jails for nonviolent drug crimes (Branson). In fact, there are over 3,000 inmates serving life sentences without possibility of parole for nonviolent crimes in the country (Pilkington). Moreover, if the Justice System was not so preoccupied with incarcerating individuals who are posing no real threat to society, it would earn the country about $2.1 billion in taxpayer money (Schmitt, Warner, Gupta, Warner, and Gupta). That is a great sum of money which could and should be allocated to institutions that need it more...
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...Current Trends in Forest and Environmental Policies in Sri Lanka The article attempts to discuss the trends of forest policy in terms of the historical perspective, implementation strategies, and institutional development. In the introduction, the authors begin by stating about the current state rapid degradation of the environment in Sri Lanka. Since importance was given to high economic growth rates and employment creation for poverty alleviation, there wasn’t enough attention given to manage the forests. Then the authors follows by the consequences of these natures degradation and the importance of environmental management. They then discuss about conditions required to achieve sustainable development in environment management, Governments...
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