...Abstract In this era of information, Internet and censorship are considered to be opposite to each other. Where internet is the source of worldwide knowledge and censorship is the policy to censor some of the information which can cause any type of disruption. In Pakistan, the use of this new technology is under practice with the control of censorship on some content. This research paper looks at the measurements taken by Pakistan Telecommunication Authority to control the censored information and block the sites which holds the improper and immoral information. The paper tends to find the historical background of the internet censorship in Pakistan holding the precautionary measures taken by PTA and how the religious values are protected by blocking various anti-Islamic sites. The guidelines are being followed by the Government of Pakistan in order to supervise the censored material on the internet. Introduction Censorship is the act or policy of omitting the obscene, corrupt and politically dangerous content form the books, movies/ films etc. (Wikipedia) Internet censorship is to restrict every type of content that includes immoral and offensive approach. (Wikipedia) Till 2010 in Pakistan, people had the open and unrestricted access to every kind of religious, political, social and sexual escalating content on the internet. The websites offering the critical content against Pakistani government and military are also banned. Pakistan government has not really...
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...Censorship Seri Kamal English 204 Professor Hanan Shanaah April 10, 2011 Censorship When I used to watch cartoons aired on the television, I noticed that sometimes the scenes of the episode aired are repeated, yet the translation is not, making the cartoon look lame since it doesn’t contribute to the story. I asked my big brother about the reason behind that and he said that some scenes may contain some violence, blood, or exposed body parts that the channel, like Spacetoon, wouldn’t want the children to see, so they censor it. Moreover, censorship is not only used in cartoon, it is used also in movies and series to delete sexual content or foul language. In addition, there are many types of censorship, and the types imposed are different from one country to another. Some countries may impose moral censorship; others impose military, political, or religious censorships. Many people would agree on some of the types of censorships enforced in the countries; however, people have the right of freedom of speech and the knowledge behind political issues, so these should not be censored by the country. Censorship is a problem that is known from before World War 1 and it is still a controversial issue with many people who are with the act and laws set regarding censorship and many who are against. Censorship is the restraint over any type of communication like speech regarding many different matters. For example, being against rules set or some political moves that a country...
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...“Censorship is when a work of art expressing an idea which does not fall under current convention is seized, cut up, withdrawn, impounded, ignored, maligned, or otherwise made inaccessible to its audience.” — Ritu Menon, for Women’s World Organisation for Rights, Literature, and Development Censorship is a global phenomenon. In recent times, there has been repeated news of something getting banned somewhere in the world for reasons that seem unreasonable to many while a necessity to the rest. In India, specially, censorship exists in media industry. Each country and each culture censors the media in one way or the other. Government across the globe have used several religious arguments...
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...Google PESTLE Analysis Political Installation of sophisticated router switches blocked information flowing in and out of China A blacklist of banned IP addresses and URLs featuring news about politically and culturally sensitive topics was given to the operators by the Government and wanted operators to block them. All providers in china had to provide the customer’s account numbers, phone numbers and IP addresses to the Government The providers were asked to track the websites the users accessed under the policy of Public Pledge of Self –regulation and Professional ethics. Internet cafes were asked to install software that blocked sensitive content and the patrons who visited these sites had to present their identification under their real name. Chinese Government launched a$800 million surveillance system called Golden Shield for monitoring Civilian use of internet 35000 internet police jobs were created to monitor and censor websites in China. Two cartoon police officers JingJang and ChaCha appeared on the screens to remind users to refrain from accessing sensitive information. The information about the dissidents were collected and prosecuted. Economic China does not have a full bloomed media like in US Average age of internet users is about 25 Users in China use search engines to search for songs and entertainment There is a gap on Internet connectivity in Urban and rural areas (Chiou, 2009) Social In China, Web access and usage is not distributed demographically...
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...Essential Questions 1. What is artistic expression? Artistic expression is how anybody expresses themselves. It does not have to be through any specific medium. You can express yourself through drawings, songs, poems, essays, books, etc. 2. What about artistic expression is universal throughout human cultures What is universal is that you are free. No one is going to tie you down. If you are writing a song for yourself then there are no judgments. It is simply to express how you feel. That is why most people can get behind artistic expression. 3. Can you identify a particular speech, work of art or musical experience that changed how you thought about something? Please explain. This is fairly simple. I love hip-hop music. It has been the only genre of music that I have truly loved. So when Kendrick Lamar released his new album it caught me by surprise. It was mostly his raps over jazz instrumentals. It is not surprising for jazz to be on a song or two on an album, but Kendrick built his album from the ground up on jazz. Long story short I love the album and it is because of the jazz that is always playing in the background and in certain songs in the foreground. When I went to New York last year I even made my parents go to a jazz bar so I could experience it live. 4. What role does art play in local and global societies? Please give an example. Art plays a huge role in global and local societies. There are constantly art events being held across the world...
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...State Office of the Reich", which stated that upon Hindenburg's death, the office of president would be abolished and its powers merged with those of the chancellor. Hitler thus became head of state as well as head of government. Following the night of the long knives, Hitler was looked upon as the supreme judge of the German people. This particular event is key to Hitler’s Germany becoming a totalitarian state. This is the moment when Hitler eliminated all political opponents. For example, after banning the communist party and...
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...Asses the significance of the Russian Revolution of 1905 on Government and Culture The significance of the Russian Revolution of 1905 had a dramatic affect on Government and culture.The Russian Revolution of 1905 forced Tsar Nicholas 2 to make radical changes to the way the Government was concerned, and is arguably the end of the autocracy. The Tsar had made concessions on allowing people the freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and freedom of press. He also aloud a creation of a state Duma (Parliament) and that no law could be made without going through the Duma, and also the further development of universal franchise. This was all decided in the October Manifesto. These controls were mainly aimed for the Government side of things. The significance of the revolution had on culture was also a vast improvement than before. Education was now viewed as an important state action, and the fact that the Tsar no longer had absolute control of his subjects lives. Adding to this, the way the Russian Jews were treated and their behavior did also change due to the affects of the Revolution of 1905. Although the Tsar had made many concessions on his power control, he still had vast amounts of power in controlling the Russian Empire. He still had the power to dissolve Duma’s and the secret police was still a vastly strong force within the Empire. However the effects of the Russian Revolution of 1905 had a great impact on Government and on culture of the empire when compared to the way...
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...some form of censorship over the conduct and opinions of its members… Good morning teachers and students. Censorship by the government infringes upon the rights of the individual and inhibits freedom of expression. Now, censorship is a broadly used term so what exactly IS censorship? Well, censorship is defined by the Australian Macquarie Dictionary as ‘the actions of a censor – that is, an official who examines books, plays, news reports, films, radio programs (and more recently the internet), for the purpose of suppressing parts deemed objectionable on moral, political, military or other grounds’. Censorship has been around since the beginning of time. It has been used as a tool to control what others have access to. In Australia today, we are supposedly guaranteed the rights of freedom of speech and freedom of the press by our constitution. Yet censorship still exists. We are told censorship is necessary, but at what cost? National security and public interest, are these valid reasons? Why must the government decide what is best for me to read or watch in a cinema or in the privacy of my own home? Sure, we must protect our youth, but that is a parent's responsibility, not the government's. I can understand censorship based upon national security; we can't go around selling all of our secrets without a major threat to our government and our way of life. Censorship is a way of controlling the population. This is exactly why we have laws that forbid random censorship. Some censorship...
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...LINGUISTICS (Please tick correct discipline) | POLITICAL SCIENCE (Please tick correct discipline) | ALL SECTIONS BELOW MUST BE COMPLETED: | UNIT CODE:COMM1001 | UNIT NAME:COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA STUDIES | STUDENT NO: 21330476 | FAMILY NAME: BAUTISTA | GIVEN NAME: RAUL FRANCISCO | TUTOR’S NAME: KEVIN CHIAT | TUTORIAL TIME & DAY 2:00 PM – 2:45 PM ON WEDNESDAYS | DUE DATE: MAY 31st 2013 | OFFICE USE ONLY: | ALL STUDENTS MUST READ AND SIGN THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT BEFORE AN ESSAY WILL BE ACCEPTED FOR SUBMISSION: “I am aware of the Faculty policy relating to academic misconduct (http://www.arts.uwa.edu.au/students/policies/dishonesty) I certify that this work is my own, complies with the relevant guidelines, and uses an approved form of referencing throughout. I acknowledge that the work may be electronically scanned for detection of plagiarism. I have taken a backup copy / computer copy / photocopy of this assessment prior to submission.” Signed Date : June 1st 2013 ------------------------------------------------- Marker’s Comments: PROMT #7: Is media censorship by the government justifiable? BY: RAUL FRANCISCO BAUTISTA DATE: JUNE 1ST 2013 TUTOR: KEVIN CHIAT UNIT: COMM1001 WORD COUNT: 1537 Media censorship by a government is justifiable to a certain extent. To understand the extent to which censorship is justifiable one must understand that media censorship refers to the supervision of knowledge and information...
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...Service Provider (ISP) in China, a country whose Communist government requires all ISPs to selfcensor, removing content that is considered illegal from search results. From a financial perspective, China represented for Google a dynamic and fast-growing, though increasingly competitive, market. Google’s decision to self-censor Google.cn attracted significant ethical criticism at the time. The company’s motto is “Don’t Be Evil,” and prior to entering China, Google had successfully set itself apart from other technology giants, becoming a company trusted by millions of users to protect and store their personal information. The choice to accept self-censorship, and the discussion and debate generated by this choice, forced Google to re-examine itself as a company and forced the international community to reconsider the implications of censorship. This case was prepared as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either the effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution - Noncommercial - No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. You may reproduce this work for non-commercial use if you use the entire document and attribute the source: The Kenan Institute for Ethics at Duke University. Case Studies in...
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...Service Provider (ISP) in China, a country whose Communist government requires all ISPs to selfcensor, removing content that is considered illegal from search results. From a financial perspective, China represented for Google a dynamic and fast-growing, though increasingly competitive, market. Google’s decision to self-censor Google.cn attracted significant ethical criticism at the time. The company’s motto is “Don’t Be Evil,” and prior to entering China, Google had successfully set itself apart from other technology giants, becoming a company trusted by millions of users to protect and store their personal information. The choice to accept self-censorship, and the discussion and debate generated by this choice, forced Google to re-examine itself as a company and forced the international community to reconsider the implications of censorship. This case was prepared as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either the effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution - Noncommercial - No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. You may reproduce this work for non-commercial use if you use the entire document and attribute the source: The Kenan Institute for Ethics at Duke University. Case Studies in...
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...just isn’t good for us even if so many of the less-than-original movies aren’t disappointments, although that obviously doesn’t help. Hollywood studios usually only funds movies that are daring and original when large enough audiences go see daring and original films. This was the case in the 70’s before films such as Jaws and Star Wars led to the rise of the blockbuster. It’s hard to imagine mainstream audience’s nowadays rushing out to see movies such as A Clockwork Orange or The Godfather. We should strive to return to that though. We need movies that are about something different, something new. Movies that aren’t based on an old cartoon or adapted from an old comic book or some other film. If we don’t start making new movies now, what will they remake in the future? One of the reasons that so many movies coming out are based on 80’s cartoons or 60’s comics is because those were moments of intense creativity and newness at the time. New is good. New should be encouraged and rewarded. This is a tough thing for some people to fully accept. Times are tough, life is uncertain, the desire for the comfort of the familiar is completely understandable. Let’s make the effort to support original films anyway though. Yes, even if we’re not sure about them, even if some of them disappoint us. In order for Hollywood studios to start producing more ambitious and original movies though we need to reform our current rating system, cut down on film piracy, and lastly, do as much as we can...
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...Propaganda in Nazi Germany The Nazi party emerged in the late 20s and early 30s, led by a charismatic right wing leader, Hitler led the Nazis to power as the Nazis offered many ideals that were attractive to the German people who were ready to accept any help after the disaster the Treaty of Versailles and Weimar Republic brought onto them. By 1932 the Nazis had around 200 seats in the Reichstag (parliament) and their power kept on growing until Hitler was appointed as Chancellor of German in 1933 giving him and the Nazis virtually complete control over Germany as Germany became a single party state, meaning that the Nazis had no opposing parties that could challenge their power. The Nazi’s strong grip over Germany was a product of their vigorous and effective use of propaganda that was able to alter the opinions of the German public and eliminating any potential threat to their power. Hitler was very concerned with propaganda; he made sure every citizens was exposed to it from children to the workers. He even hired individuals to take care of these matters such as Joseph Goebbels who was Minister for “enlightenment” and propaganda, Goebbels was a fanatic of Hitler believing he was the “savior” of Germany, the book describes Goebbels saying “Goebbels constantly kept his finger on the pulse of public opinion and decided what the German public should and should not hear” though the book might not be very reliable as it is a western book who may hold very exaggerated views on...
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...with a set standard of what obscene material is. Due to the difference in beliefs between families and individuals, no two people have the same beliefs and will not agree to a set standard of what obscene material really is. Since obscene material is can not be banned completely and therefore can be view during nighttime broadcasting. A good example of this is the adult swim channel. During the day children can view cartoons like Spongebob and Rugrats; but when 10 o’clock p.m. hit, the channel switches to adult swim when there are show with naked women and sex scenes. According to the U.S. Supreme Court, to be obscene, material must meet a three-prong test, "(1) an average person, applying contemporary community standards, must find that the material, as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest (i.e., material having a tendency to excite sexual thoughts); (2) the material must depict or describe, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined by applicable law; and (3) the material, taken as a whole, must lack serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value(The Dynamics of Mass Communication Tenth Edition, page 378). Indecent material is defined as offending the public and bad taste,...
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...PA R T B go online Go online to to find more case studies. CASE STUDY B Crisis management in international markets: ‘least said, soonest mended?’ John Knight, Department of Marketing, University of Otago and Bradley Mitchell, Inveratek Group Ltd 347 BACKGROUND An inevitable reality of doing business in the modern world is that crises recognise no boundaries (Fink 1986). A crisis management strategy needs to be part of the overall corporate strategy of any company operating internationally. Our chaotic times have led to some spectacular commercial crises. Sometimes these have been of companies’ own making through carelessness. A well-known example is the action of McDonald’s in promoting its sponsorship of the 1994 football World Cup by printing the flags of all competing nations on disposable packaging: the name of Allah is on the Saudi flag, and deep offence was caused by the fact that this was to be thrown away with the packaging (Starrett 1995). At other times crises have been caused by events completely outside of the control of the company. Examples of the latter include the deliberate product tampering of Tylenol products, leading to deaths by poisoning in the USA, and the massive product recall of Coca-Cola products in Belgium resulting from what appears to be a case of mass hysteria (Johnson and Peppas 2003). Furthermore, companies in the midst of a crisis may not be able to control the behaviour of others, but with proper planning and management the...
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