...CONSTITUTION The Laws in the land is governed by a constitution - it is a written instrument in which the fundamental powers of the government to govern are established, defined, as well as limited. It is also written in the constitution how the powers are being distributed among the several departments of the government. The constitution is a written charter that are enacted as well as adopted by the people in a particular state. The Laws on the land should be guided on what was being written in the constitution. The policies of the government should also be in accordance with the constitution so that any action will not be lead unto constitutional crisis - a constitutional crisis is an event where in a particular part of a constitution is or are not being followed in accordance with the policies or actions taken by the authorities. THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONSTITUTION * As to form: * Written Constitution * Unwritten Constitution * As to origin or history * Conventional or Enacted Constitution * Cumulative or Evolve Constitution * As to manner of amending the constitution * the Rigid or Inelastic Constitution * Flexible or Elastic Constitution All of the above mentioned constitutions have their different features and characteristics. The Written Constitution * is the constitution where the provisions are all contained in a single document. The Unwritten Constitution * is the constitution where the provisions...
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...ACCOUNTABILITY * Is a responsibility. Its an obligation of a person or organization to account for its activities and it is also includes the responsibility for financial or other property. * There must be an accountability policy in every management for a better development. * People voted them because they trusted those officials so they need to serve the people the way an official or right official really do. They are the one who make the country successful. The country’s successfulness is in their hands. BICAMERAL * Having two branches, chambers or houses as legislative body. * Bicameral legislature is common used than the unicameral legislature. * Bicameral legislature pass laws out of two chambers while unicameral legislature only one. So, the bicameral advantages are more varied representation, two houses to check each other’s power and the passing of quality legislation. VETO * A constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body. * Our President Benigno Aquino III vetoed the bill that Senator Lapid made. * It is important to have the veto because to make sure that the President is using his/her power. It is to make sure that the proposed bill is a necessary for everyone. CEREMONIAL * It is relating to or used for formal events of a religious or public nature. * The procedure was conducted with all due ceremonial. * It is the Queen as a Constitutional Monarch, Her majesty does not rule the...
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...Concept of Constitution Roel Gordolan Eroma USJ-R Meaning of Constitution In broad sense, the term constitution refers to that body of rules and principles in accordance with which the powers of sovereignty are regularly exercised. It maybe defined as that written instrument by which the fundamental powers of the government are established, limited, and defined and by which these powers are distributed among the several departments or branches for their safe and useful exercise for the benefit of the people. Nature and purpose or function of constitution the charter creating the government. It has the status of a supreme or fundamental law as it speaks for the entire people from whom it derives its claim to obedience. It is binding on all individual citizens and all organs of the government. It is the law to which other laws must conform and in accordance with which all private rights must be determined and all public authority administered. It is a test of the legality of all government action, whether proceeding from the highest official or lowest functionary. The purpose is to prescribe the permanent framework of the system of government and to assign to the different departments or branches, their respective powers and duties and to establish certain basic principles on which the government is founded Designed to preserve and protect the rights of individuals against the arbitrary actions of those in authority. Meaning of constitutional...
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...What Democracy Is Modern Political Democracy – is a system of governance in which the rulers are held accountable for their actions in the public realm by citizens, acting indirectly through the competition and cooperation of their elected representatives. 1. System of Governance – is an ensemble of patterns that determines the method of access to the principal public offices which includes but not limited to: * Characteristics of Actors admitted to or excluded from such access. * Strategies that actors may use to gain access * The rules followed in the making of publicly binding decisions Note: To work properly, the ensemble must be institutionalized – that is to say, the various patterns must be habitually known, practiced, and accepted by most, if not, all actors. Furthermore, the preferred mechanism of institutionalization is a written body of laws undergirded by a written constitution or any other informal or traditional basis. * These forms, characteristics and rules are bundled together and given a generic label e.g. democratic, autocratic, despotic, dictatorial, tyrannical, totalitarian, monarchic, aristocratic, etc… 2. Rulers – persons who occupy specialized authority roles and can give legitimate commands to others. What distinguishes democratic rulers with others are the norms and conditions of how the former came to powerand the practices that hold them accountable for their actions. 3. Public Realm – encompasses the...
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...Political Science is a vast study. It can correlate to other blanches of learning just like History, Economic, Geography, Sociology and Anthropology, Psychology, Philosophy, Statistics and Logic, and Jurisprudence. But, what i would like to reflect is the study of Geography. It is very important for me to be able to understand the interrelationship of political science and geography, since I am currently taking up a major subject which is geopolitics. As i have undergone the learning process of my degree program, International Studies and this subject, Political Science 2, I have realized that it is necessary for a concerned citizen, an IS student, a diplomat, and most especially a political scientist to know how geography affects the arising of global issues and international politics. It is the simplest way, the actions of individuals and societies are influenced by the physical environments, particularly climate, food, soil, etc. The geographical and physical factors greatly affect or influence the character, the national life of the people, and their political institutions. Without geography, I think the political concept can't go this far. This branch of learning is just so important to explain why such phenomena happened in the past and are happening today. Say for example those nations that are rich in natural resources may become more powerful in world politics. Another concrete example in the issue in recent months with regards to the tension between...
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...Enlightenment HIS104: World Civilizations II (ADH1412A) Instructor: Christopher Davies The enlightenment of the 18th century brought about new ways for religions and politics for the French Revolution. With the new ideas would help impact the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. The enlightenment ideas about religion and society shaped the policies of the French Revolution. “The constant arrival of ships meant that ideas from Europe also traveled across the ocean, including those from Enlightenment thinkers and later revolutionary France. Some inhabitants of Saint Domingue embraced these ideas, but others reviled them. The grandsblancs especially became concerned when certain Enlightenment thinkers attacked slavery. They also disliked the emphasis on the rights and freedoms of the middle class, represented on Saint Domingue by the petitsblancs and gens de couleur. The petitsblancs, meanwhile, welcomed idealistic notions of justice and freedom because they resented the aristocratic dominance of the grandsblancs.” Getz, T.R. & Brooke, J.E. (2012). World history: The human experience from 1500. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. There were a lot of impacts related to the French Revolution as for political, social and culture. The political impacts that were related to the French Revolution are the political ideologies Nationalism and socialism. French nationalism, and nationalism as such, paradoxical in four ways. In their conception...
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...Arbel S. Rayla PolSci 11:00-12:00nn Diwani D. Lucero Human Rights Violations of Marcos Regime There were numerous cases of human rights violations against civilians during the Martial Law period. The hardest hit were the critics of his dictatorial government such as the progressive writers, commentators, organizers, professors, students and artists. They were arrested and detained along with some delegates of the Constitutional Convention (ConCon) who belonged to the political opposition. While in detention, they experienced various forms of tortures, harassment, intimidation, inhumane treatment and summary execution. The human rights violations during the Marcos regime were believed to be committed by the Armed Forces of the Philippine (AFP), Philippines Constabulary (now Philippines National Police or PNP) and the Civilian Home Defense Force (CHDF). According to the Task Force Detainees of the Philippines (TFDP), there were an estimated 22,287 detained civilians and 2,491 victims of salvaging. According to Amnesty International (AI), an international organization which promotes human rights, there were about 759 document cases desaparecidos. They were believed to be salvaged but their bodies were never recovered. The suspension of the writ of habeas corpus gave President Marcos undue power to arrest and detains suspected rebels and political opposition. Without the political opposition, President Marcos was able to easily maneuver the rewriting of the Philippine...
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...programs, but also what I must do in order to have a successful and safe experience. I became interested in the UW’s exploration seminars and decided to participate in the Art London Exploration Seminar this past summer. London is a multi-cultural capital and an ideal place to experience other ways of life, giving me an open mind and respect for different cultures. I was able to overcome the challenges of living in a foreign country and mature into an independent, flexible, and adaptable person. Studying in Prague will allow me to mature and experience personal growth by being immersed in a new culture and independently taking on the challenges of living in a foreign country. My personal growth will be channeled through the variety of CHID and PolSci courses the program offers and also engage in intellectually stimulating international field trips. Although I will not be dealing with a language barrier in my classes, I will come across people of many ethnicities and customs throughout Prague and Central Europe. From now until my departure, I plan to research Prague’s numerous cultural aspects to increase my respect and understanding of its social and cultural norms and not confuse them with my own. I am qualified to participate in the CHID Prague Program since I have had much success in taking analytical and critical thinking business classes here at the UW, maintaining a 3.58 cumulative GPA....
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...Title: The Communist Manifesto Author: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Source: http://www.anu.edu.au/polsci/marx/classics/manifesto.html The Communist Manifesto has four major sections: The Bourgeois and Proletarians, The Proletarians and Communists, Socialist and Communist Literature, and The Position of the Communists in Relation to the Various Existing Opposition Parties. The first section, The Bourgeois and the Proletarians, calls the proletarians to recognize the harsh treatment of the bourgeois towards them. The bourgeois are the land owners that are only worried about the amount of money that they are able to make at the expense of the lower proletarian class. Marx and Engels make their point by comparing these two classes to the older feudal system in which the higher classes survived off the lower classes; however, this modern bourgeois class is abusing the work done by the proletarian class and treating them as just the power to make the modern machines run, nothing more. The proletarian class is the larger of the two classes by being the mass workforce, yet the bourgeois class “must feed them instead of being fed by them”. The proletarian must continue to work and increase capital for the bourgeois, otherwise if they do not there will no longer be a market for their work, therefore, putting them out of work. This starts the basis of why the Communists call to reform over the capitalist way of life. In the next section, Proletarians and Communists, this document shows...
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...Essay Question: Illustrate your answer with s In this essay I hope to go through the strengths and weaknesses of the Neoliberal approach to development using examples of countries in which they have implemented Neoliberal influenced reforms in order to develop their country. I will then attempt to evaluate my findings to see whether or not the Neoliberal approach is successful or not or is it something which has its weaknesses and strengths and cannot be judged either way. The term Neoliberalism can be defined as a ‘modernised or revised form of liberalism, one based on belief in free market capitalism and the rights of the individual. This is a definition given by the Oxford English Dictionary 1989. In the 1970s Neoliberalism enjoyed increasing popularity and an aspect of the theory we should look at its influence on the Washington Consensus which was an extensive list of economic policies written by John Williamson in 1989. This was a package of standards created to aid countries in economic crisis. Neoliberalism reduces the influence of state and trade unions on markets and reduces the public sector workforce. It also increases in the privatisation of formerly public owned institutions, decreases state interference and opens up markets of an economy to foreign companies. A country which takes on Neoliberal approaches to its economy, in theory should favour strong individual private property rights, rule of law and the institution of freely functioning markets and...
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...Herrmann, M. 05/07/2012 A. Two of the Most Significant Social Consequences of the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution had a dramatic impact on social systems and not all were positive. However, two of the enduring and positive social consequences of the Industrial Revolution for the common man were the overall improvement in the standard of living and the advancement of education. With the exception of Russia in the nineteenth century, major countries which experienced an Industrial Revolution also experienced a dramatic growth in the middle class. Prior to the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, most countries had a small ruling class with the majority of the population made up of serfs or peasants. The development of a middle class comprised of merchants, traders, investors and artisans had begun in the Middle-Ages, but was limited to a small minority. Poverty was the experience of the masses, and still is the standard for the majority of people in underdeveloped nations. The mechanization and automation of tasks that had formerly been labor intensive, increased production of goods and provided a broader choice of employment opportunities. These new employment opportunities for unskilled or uneducated workers provided a higher income than had previously been available to them in an agrarian society and eventually created a broader stratus between the upper and lower classes. Industrialization gave rise to a growing middle class with more disposable...
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...Hypothesis Work-safety tension can arise when workers observe that work safety is at odds with effectively performing their duties. A workers perception of work-safety tension can be associated with higher levels of perceived risk which in turn can relate to an increase in job related injuries. The hypothesis of this paper is determine if that one has a positive relationship between perceived organizational support and safety climate was expected that they would have a positive perception regarding safety climate at work therefore lowering one’s work-safety tension. (McGonagle & Kath, 2010, and Gyekye & Salminen, 2007) Introduction Organizational climate is considered to be one of the most significant and important characteristics within an organization. Organizational climate signifies the shared perceptions regarding an organizations values, norms, beliefs, practices, and procedures. Organizational climate may be defined differently from one organization to another but generally refers to the importance to which an organization focuses and emphasizes on an organization’s innovation, flexibility, appreciation and recognition, concern for an employee’s well-being, learning and development, citizenship and ethics, quality performance, involvement and empowerment and last of all leadership. There have been numerous studies that have correlated a relationship between an organization’s climate and an organizations success. If the relationship is positive then the correlation...
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...WGU- SST1 USE THESE SUBMITTED AND ACCEPTED ASIGNMENTS TO HELP YOU DO YOUR OWN WORK AND CHECK YOUR ANSWERS/USE THIS OUTLINE. I COMPLETED 67 CU'S AT WGU IN 1 TERM USING THESE ASSIGNMENTS. DO NOT PLAGERIZE, WGU USES TURNITIN TO MONITOR PLAGARISM, THESE ARE TO BE USED AS GUIDES FOR YOUTR OWN WORK ONLY. I WORKED HARD TO COMPLETE THEM. WGU- ATTACHEMENTS PROVIDED WITH FULL TASKS. SST1: TASK 1, 2 Social Science SST1 Task 1 Words like country, nation, state, and even nation-state are used to define social, cultural and political relationships in the United States and around the world. There are many defining characteristics that allow countries and groups of countries to understand each other, and in some cases, for unions. The purpose of this essay is to briefly discuss nations, states, and nation states, how the United States constitutes a nation state, and the European Union. A nation is a union of people who share social similarities such as language, beliefs, culture, possibly religion, and values. A state is defined by laws and politics, uniting people by geography, population, and government. The modern nation-state is more of a combination of nation and state and is defined as “a single or multiple nationalities joined together in a formal political union” (What is a Nation-State, N.D.). Basically, a nation-state makes the general regulations for large decisions such as what language the general population will speak, what form of currency will be accepted, and...
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...Ned Kelly: Hero or Villain Is Edward ‘Ned’ Kelly a hero, or a villain? What are the definitions of a hero and a villain? Hero: (pl. heroes) noun 1. A person, typically a man, who is admired for their courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities. Villain: noun 1. (Fem. Villainess) (In a film, novel, or play) a character whose evil actions or motives are important to the plot. 2. A criminal 3. The person or thing responsible for specified problems, harm, or damage. Terrorism: noun 1. The unofficial or unauthorised use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims. There are many different stories out there about what really happened with Ned Kelly. All of them have different views. No one will really be able to know what actually happened, because we weren’t there to experience it and know what really happened. Some say that Ned was the one that shot Constable Fitzpatrick in the wrist, and others say that his mother is the one that shot Fitzpatrick and nursed him back to health before Fitzpatrick left their house. Edward ‘Ned’ Kelly was born in June 1855 at Beveridge, Victoria. He was the first son born to John ‘Red’ Kelly and Ellen Quinn Kelly. He had 7 other siblings: Dan Kelly, Kate Kelly, Margaret Kelly Skillion, James Kelly, Mary Jane Kelly, Anne Kelly Gunn and Grace Kelly. The Kelly family moved from Beveridge, Victoria to Avenel, Victoria in 1864. Ned and his siblings started their schooling at Avenel. One day in 1865, Ned saved...
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...Natalia Rojas Prof. Rachel Schutte Polsci 110 02 May 2015 Central Park Central Park is an urban park right in the heart of the borough of Manhattan in New York City. Central Park is the most visited park in all of the Untied States and it is recognized as a National History Landmark by the United States government for its outstanding degree of historical significance (Blackmar, Rosenzweig). However, the outcome of what the park is today is a product of years of the park’s planning, construction, and several renovations. These renovations though, have seen many obstacles, often reflecting the socioeconomic status of the City at the time. Central Park is a historical site in New York City with political relevance dating back to the 1800’s. The beginnings of the park date back to the early 1820’s when New York population was increasing dramatically (MacDonald, 118). The people of New York City were sifting through the area, trying to find calm, open spaces to get away from the “hustle and bustle” of the city for a moment. The city’s need for a great public park soon became prevalent to New York state legislatures. Thus, in 1853 the New York state legislature settled upon a seven hundred acre area that spread from 59th street all the way until 106th street that would be dedicated to cultivating this vast public park (MacDonald, 119). Progress of the park, once it began in the 1850’s, has lasted through the 19th, 20th, and now even the 21st century. Of course, the project...
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