...Polycaprolactam Student Name: Syed Ali Shahid, ID Number # 20595181; email: sashahid@uwaterloo.ca 1. Introduction and Applications Polycaprolactam or PA 6 is a synthetic polyamide commonly recognized by its trade name Nylon 6. Polyamides or nylons are polymers characterized by the amide group –CONH-as recurring part of their polymer chain. The original nylon was first made in a laboratory in DuPont, USA in 1935 by Wallace Carothers. It was recognized as the first semicrsytalline polymer, the first engineering thermoplastic, and the first synthetic fiber .Amongst various variants of polyamide, polycaprolactam is particularly different in that it is made from only 1 kind of monomer- caprolactam which will be discussed in this paper in further detail from various aspects. Schalak while working on polyamides in IG Fabraen laboratory synthesized polycaprolactam through ring opening polymerization of caprolactom. He heated caprrolactam in a flask to about 250oC with about 5-10% water which hydrolyzed a few percent of the caprolactam to aminocaproic acid. The NH2 group of the aminocaproic acid acted as ring opening initiator for polycaprolactam followed by a polycondensation reaction of the NH2 and COOH group of the low molecular weight product of the ring opening polymerization reaction resulting in a high molecular weight product-Polycaprolactam. The key properties of polycaprolactam that have made them suitable for a variety of industrial applications are toughness, fatigue...
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...1] Introduction: A cold seal adhesive is a material that has good adhesion to itself at ambient temperatures, a property that is often referred to as “self-adhesion”, “auto adhesion”, or “autohesion”[1]. Cold seal adhesive comprise a special class of pressure-sensitive adhesives which possess the capability of forming a strong bond to themselves and hence also known as cohesives. Cold-seal adhesives are an established class of commercial adhesives characterized by being coated onto plastic films or other substrates to form layers that have the capability of strongly bonding to themselves when pressure is applied, but having lower adhesion to the substrates e.g. plastic films, coated papers etc. So such flexible webs bearing these cold-seal...
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...Student earning L Centre What is a referencing system? (Author-Date System) HARVARD REFERENCING There are many variations of the Harvard referencing style. This leaflet is based on the AGPS Style Manual (6th edn), 2002. It is advisable to check with each lecturer as to which variation they require you to use and to follow that advice for the work submitted to that lecturer. A referencing system is a standardised way of informing readers of the sources of information, ideas, graphics etc. that are used in any given work, e.g. your assignment. There are a number of different referencing systems, but those most commonly used at Flinders University are: • Harvard (an author-date system) • APA (American Psychological Association, also an author-date system) • The Note system (including footnotes and endnotes). Author-date systems use the authors’ surnames and the year of publication within the text of a work to refer to a detailed list of full references at the end of the work. The Note system uses numbers within the text to refer to details either at the bottom of the page (footnotes) or at the end of the work (endnotes). See the Student Learning Centre (SLC) brochures on the APA and Note systems for details on these systems. Referencing and academic integrity The use of a referencing system to acknowledge other people’s work, ideas and expression is integral to academic writing and academic integrity. See SLC leaflets on Academic Integrity or the 'Academic Integrity...
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...consumption. However, packaging technology must balance food protection with other issues, including energy and material costs, heightened social and environmental consciousness, and strict regulations on pollutants and disposal of municipal solid waste. Municipal solid waste (MSW) consists of items commonly thrown away, including packages, food scraps, yard trimmings, and durable items such as refrigerators and computers. Legislative and regulatory efforts to control packaging are based on the mistaken perception that packaging is the major burden of MSW. Instead, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found that approximately only 31% of the MSW generated in 2005 was from packaging-related materials, including glass, metal, plastic, paper, and paperboard—a percentage that has remained relatively constant since the 1990s despite an increase in the total amount of MSW. Nonpackaging sources such as newsprint, telephone books, and office communication generate more than twice as much MSW (EPA 2006a). Food is the only product class typically consumed 3 times per day by every person. Consequently, food packaging accounts for almost two-thirds of total packaging waste by volume...
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...CHG 8187 Introduction to Polymer Reaction Engineering Part 1: Basic Concepts 1 2 Outline What is a polymer? •Nomenclature Polymer microstructure/properties •Chemical composition/sequence distribution •Molecular weight and distribution •Polymer architecture •Chain configuration •Morphology •Mechanical properties •Rheological properties •Glass transition temperature •Polymer modification/processing/additives 3 Outline Polymer classification •Step vs. Chain Growth Polymerization techniques •Bulk •Solution •Suspension •Emulsion •Gas-phase •Slurry Applications – Main commercial polymers •Polyolefins •Styrenic polymers •PVC •Waterborne dispersed polymers •Polyesters and polyamides •Thermosets Polymer history/timeline CHG 8187 Introduction to Polymer Reaction Engineering Part 1: Basic Concepts What is a polymer? 4 5 What is a polymer? Polymers are large molecular chains made of many monomers. Several structural units bound together by covalent bonds. 6 What is a polymer? 7 Nomenclature 1. Conventional: prefix “poly” followed by monomer name (e.g., poly(styrene), poly(methyl methacrylate)); condensation polymers from two monomers use name of repeat unit (e.g., poly(ethylene terephthalate). 8 Nomenclature 2. IUPAC* structure-based: similar to conventional but more powerful and general see text by Odian note also rules for copolymers. 3. Trade names (e.g., nylon, Kevlar, plexiglas, teflon...
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...Growth Commitment Results 20 13 Impact Partners DATA B OO K DuPont Investor Relations Contents 1 2 DuPont Overview Corporate Financial Data Consolidated Income Statements Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Selected Additional Data 6 DuPont Science & Technology 8 Business Segments Agriculture Electronics & Communications Industrial Biosciences Nutrition & Health Performance Materials Safety & Protection Performance Chemicals 22 Corporate Financial Data Segment Information Selected Additional Data Inside Back Cover Board of Directors and DuPont Leadership Individual Shareholder Relations: (302) 774-3033 Main Office Number: (302) 774-4994 Internet: www.dupont.com The DuPont DATA BOOK has been prepared to assist financial analysts, portfolio managers and others in understanding and evaluating the company. This book presents graphics, tabular and other statistical data about the consolidated company and its business segments. Forward-Looking Statements This DATA BOOK contains forward-looking statements which may be identified by their use of words like “plans,” “expects,” “will,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “intends,” “estimates” or other words of similar meaning. Although they reflect our current expectations, these statements are not guarantees of future performance, but involve a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Some of which include: fluctuations in energy and raw material prices; failure to develop and market new products...
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...1. Introduction Packaging has become an integral part of the processing, preservation, distribution, marketing, and even the cooking of foods. Food packaging materials include paper, cellulose products, cellophane, tinplate, aluminium, stainless steel, ceramics, glass, rubber, aluminium foil, plastics and laminates (Mercer, 1990). Since its introduction in the 1950’s, the use of plastic in the packaging industry has increased at a greater rate than any other packaging material due to their low cost and outstanding functional service properties (Hernandez and Giacin, 1998). Packaging materials provide protection for microbiological, chemical, and physical contamination (World Packaging Organisation, 2009). However, components of the packaging material must be safe to the product as well as to the consumers. Food may interact with the packaging materials and this may change the initial mechanical and barrier properties as well as the safety of the product (Sablani and Rahman, 2007). Three types of food packaging interaction are distinguished: (i) migration, (ii) permeation, (iii) and absorption. Migration is the transfer of chemical components from the packaging material to the contained food product (Paneva et al., 2005). The migration of potentially toxic substances from packaging material to foods is a major concern in the selection and use of materials for food packaging because of the possible effect upon human health. In addition, migration of other components...
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...Front. Mech. Eng. 2013, 8(3): 215–243 DOI 10.1007/s11465-013-0248-8 REVIEW ARTICLE Nannan GUO, Ming C. LEU Additive manufacturing: technology, applications and research needs © Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been researched and developed for more than 20 years. Rather than removing materials, AM processes make three-dimensional parts directly from CAD models by adding materials layer by layer, offering the beneficial ability to build parts with geometric and material complexities that could not be produced by subtractive manufacturing processes. Through intensive research over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the development and commercialization of new and innovative AM processes, as well as numerous practical applications in aerospace, automotive, biomedical, energy and other fields. This paper reviews the main processes, materials and applications of the current AM technology and presents future research needs for this technology. Keywords additive manufacturing (AM), AM processes, AM materials, AM applications 1 Introduction The ASTM F42 Technical Committee defines additive manufacturing (AM) as the “process of joining materials to make objects from three-dimensional (3D) model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies” [1]. It is also known as additive fabrication, additive processes, direct digital...
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...A PAPER ON “SELF-HEALING POLYMER TECHNOLOGY” [pic] SUBMITTED BY: Sreeja Gadhiraju, Naga vaishnavi.A, III/IV Mech, Sri Sivani Institute Of Technology. sreeja.btech@gmail.com INDEX |Topic |Page No. | | | | |ABSTRACT |1 | |introduction |2 | |INTRINSIC SELF-HEALING |2-3 | |EXTRINSIC SELF-HEALING |4-5 | |HEALING MECHANISM | 5-7 | |APPLICATION |7-8 | |PROBLEM AND CHALLENGES |9 | |CONCLUSION ...
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...HARVARD Reference Style Guide Notes: Please "copy" the title of a book/an article/whatever (as far as the spelling of words such as "behavior"/"behavioral" are concerned (and this also goes for direct quotations) exactly as in the original. • • • When referring to any work that is NOT a journal, such as a book, article, or Web page, capitalise only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalise the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound word. Capitalise all major words in journal titles. If within the same paragraph, reference is made to the same author(s) for a second and further time(s), the year of publication is omitted in the second and further references - as long as it does not lead to confusion. Multiple publications; same author • Same author; different years Normal conventions (author, year, title, etc). • Same author; same year More than one reference by an author in the same year: these are distinguished in order of publication using a lower-case alphabetical suffix after the year of publication (eg 1988a, 1988b, 1988c, etc). The same suffix is used to distinguish that reference for the in-text citations. Order of Listing The List of References is ordered alphabetically by primary authors' surnames. • Multiple authors. o Use the sequence of authors' surnames exactly as given in the publication. The primary author, ie, major contributor,...
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...HARVARD Reference Style Guide an g ro eh n sa y caxe )sno a ouq ...llllaniiiigiiiiro ehtt niiii sa yllllttcaxe )snoiiiittttattttouq . an g ro ehtt n sa y ttcaxe )sno a ouq an g ro eh n sa y caxe )sno a ouq cer d ro seog os a s h dna( denrecnoc era " aro vaheb" "ro vaheb" sa hcus sdrow o gn eps eh sa ra sa( reve ahw e c ra na koob a o e eh "ypoc" esae P se oN cer d ro seog os a s h dna( denrecnoc era " aro vaheb" "ro vaheb" sa hcus sdrow o gn eps eh sa ra sa( reve ahw e c ra na koob a o e eh "ypoc" esae P se oN ttttceriiiid roffff seog oslllla siiiihtttt dna( denrecnoc era "llllaroiiiivaheb"////"roiiiivaheb" sa hcus sdrow ffffo gniiiilllllllleps ehtttt sa raffff sa( revettttahw////ellllciiiittttra na////koob a ffffo ellllttttiiiitttt ehtttt "ypoc" esaellllP ::::settttoN cer d ro seog os a s h dna( denrecnoc era " aro vaheb" "ro vaheb" sa hcus sdrow o gn eps eh sa ra sa( reve ahw e c ra na koob a o e eh "ypoc" esae P se oN • • • • Order of Listing The List of References is ordered alphabetically by primary authors' surnames. • Multiple authors. o Use the sequence of authors' surnames exactly as given in the publication. The primary author, ie, major contributor, is listed first by the publisher. • Same author: o different years: list the author's references chronologically, starting with the earliest date. o same year: use an alphabetical suffix (eg 1983a, 1983b). Compiled by OpenJournals Publishing When referring to any work that is NOT a journal, such as a book, article...
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...Sustainability 2014, 6, 6236-6249; doi:10.3390/su6096236 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Article Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M Bin Shen Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China; E-Mail: binshen@dhu.edu.cn; Tel./Fax: +86-216-237-3621 Received: 15 July 2014; in revised form: 15 August 2014 / Accepted: 19 August 2014 / Published: 11 September 2014 Abstract: Sustainability is significantly important for fashion business due to consumers’ increasing awareness of environment. When a fashion company aims to promote sustainability, the main linkage is to develop a sustainable supply chain. This paper contributes to current knowledge of sustainable supply chain in the textile and clothing industry. We first depict the structure of sustainable fashion supply chain including eco-material preparation, sustainable manufacturing, green distribution, green retailing, and ethical consumers based on the extant literature. We study the case of the Swedish fast fashion company, H&M, which has constructed its sustainable supply chain in developing eco-materials, providing safety training, monitoring sustainable manufacturing, reducing carbon emission in distribution, and promoting eco-fashion. Moreover, based on the secondary data and analysis, we learn the lessons of H&M’s sustainable fashion supply chain from the country perspective: (1) the H&M’s sourcing...
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...of Materials Cranfield University, United Kingdom the aim of this book series is to disseminate the latest developments in small scale technologies with a particular emphasis on accessible and practical content. these books will appeal to engineers from industry, academia and government sectors. for more information about the book series and new book proposals please contact the publisher, Dr. Nigel hollingworth at nhollingworth@williamandrew.com. http://www.williamandrew.com/MNt NaNotechNology applicatioNs for cleaN Water edited by Nora savage Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency and (in alphabetical order) Mamadou Diallo Materials and process simulation center, Division of chemistry and chemical engineering, california institute of technology Jeremiah Duncan Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison anita street Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency and Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign richard sustich N o r w i c h , N Y, U S A copyright © 2009 by William andrew inc. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-8155-1578-4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication...
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...Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION The world population is living, working, vacationing, increasingly mixing along the coasts, and standing on the front row of the greatest, most extraordinary, plastic waste tide ever faced. Washed out on the coasts in obvious and clearly visible form, the plastic pollution display obviously seen on the beaches is only the preface of the greater story that unfolded further away in the world’s oceans, yet mostly originating from where people stand: the land. In 2008, our global plastic consumption worldwide has been estimated at 260 million tons, and, according to a 2012 report by Global Industry Analysts, plastic consumption is to reach 297.5 million tons by 2015. Plastic is versatile, lightweight, flexible, moisture resistant, strong, and relatively inexpensive. Those are the attractive qualities that lead us, around the world, to such a voracious appetite and over-consumption of plastic goods. However, durable and very slow to degrade, plastic materials that are used in the production of so many products all, ultimately, become waste with staying power. Our tremendous attraction to plastic, coupled with an undeniable behavioral propensity of increasingly over-consuming, discarding, littering and thus polluting, has become a combination of lethal nature. Plastic bags are in use by consumers worldwide since the 1960’s, (Mc Kinley, 2010). These bags are sometimes called single-use bags, referring to carrying items from a store to a home. Open bags with...
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...[pic] FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY JANUARY / 2013 EBTM3101 PROJECT MANAGEMENT MATRICULATION NO : 860827526386001 IDENTITY CARD NO. : 860827-52-6386 TELEPHONE NO. : 014 – 684 7338 E-MAIL : jessica_juing@OUM.edu.my LEARNING CENTRE : PPT Miri, Sarawak TABLE OF CONTENT 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 THE COMPANY PROFILE 2.0 NATURE OF PROJECT IN TEAMS 2.1 QUALITIES OF LEADERSHIP & TOOLS USED 2.2 MOTIVATION to manage project teams 2.3 demonstration of the project management 3.0 CONCLUSION 4.0 REFERENCES 1.0 INTRODUCTION MARIAM Precision Bearing Manufacturing Co., Ltd Mariam Precision Bearing Manufacturing Co.Ltd. Is a manufacturer of high-grade bearing parts (green rings) as well as a wide range of ball and roller bearing products. Through technology-sharing and production linkages with the world's leading bearing manufacturers, as well as progressive cooperation with partners in the domestic arena, Mariam has consistently elevated its manufacturing capability and is now recognized as one of the leading producers of high-grade finished bearings and components. To date, the company has 5 production facilities and affiliated plants, with a combined yearly output of almost 120million bearing units and auxiliary bearing parts. Under the Mariam Precision Bearing brand, Mariam has made headway...
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