...Discovered in 1935 by gynecologists Irving F. Stein and Michael L. Leventhal, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome was named the “Stein-Leventhal syndrome” for many years thereafter (Adi & Tank, 122). The ovulation disorder of the ovaries in women, with a common symptom of infertility, is known today as a condition called Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, or PCOS. It is the result of an imbalance of the hormones estrogen and progesterone in the ovaries. As a result, the imbalance produces the growth of benign masses or ovarian cysts. In addition, PCOS can cause irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, overproduction of insulin, and weight gain. PCOS affects approximately five million women in the United States between the ages of 15 and 44 (womenshealth.gov)....
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...Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome What does infertility, mainly hair growth, and obesity all have in common? These are all symptoms of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, the most common endocrine disorder. This endocrine disorder, is now the leading cause of infertility, and is now just starting to becoming more acknowledged. This disorder comes along with many different health risk, that just increase as you get older. According to the Center of Young Women's Health, the disorder is a hormone imbalance in the brain, and in the ovaries. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome affects one in ten women, ten percent, more than three million women in the world (“Center”). The most common endocrine disorder, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, is overlooked, under addressed,...
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...though some religions do not approve their has been many instance where Catholic women have at least once used birth control. Guttmacher’s analysis of data from the federal government’s National Survey of Family Growth found through out the ages of fifteen and forty-five almost ninety-eight percent of Catholic women have used some type of birth control(Keeping). Women rights is one of the main reasons why women should be able to use birth control; because it allows women to be in control of their own body while being able to make their own decisions. Letty Cottin Pogrebin the founding editor of Ms. Magazine stated the first time in human history “A woman could control her sexuality and determine her readiness for reproduction by using some form of birth control(What).” Birth control pills are not only used to prevent pregnancy they're also used for health benefits. For example regular or absent menstrual periods, menstrual cramps, acne, PMS, endometriosis, Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI), and for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Because there is less menstrual bleeding when taking birth control pills, you are less likely to get anemia (low number of red blood cells, which carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues). Birth control pills also lower your chance of getting endometrial (lining of the uterus) cancer, ovarian cancer, and ovarian cysts(Medical). Family benefits are also another reason why birth control should be morally acceptable. For example, it prevents the conception...
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...Functions of Reproductive System ❑ Procreate species ❑ Manufacture important hormones ❑ Pleasure Stages of Life ← Embryologically, males and females start out “sexually indifferent” ← Gonads, ducts and externally identical structures ← At 5 weeks gestation changes start to take place ← Puberty: reproductive organs grow to adult size and reproduction becomes possible ← Between 10 and 15 ← Influence of rising levels of gonadal hormones ← Testosterone in males ← Estrogen in females I. Male Reproductive System: Structure ← Scrotum ← Function: Protects the testes, epididymis, and spermatic cord ← Holds testes away from body ← Temperature: 1° below body temperature ← Lined with serous membrane that secrets fluid ← Testes move freely ← Penis ← Function ← Deliver sperms to female ← Urination ← Shaft ← Erectile tissues surround urethra ← Glans ← Cone-shaped structure on end of penis ← Prepuce (foreskin) ← Skin covering in uncircumcised males ← Epididymis ← Sits on top of each testis ← Receives spermatids from seminiferous tubules ← Spermatids become sperm cells ← Vas deferens ← Tube connected...
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...Obesity is a rising problem in U.S and millions of people are affected by it each day and it can be caused by many things. If you are obese people don’t realize how it affects your health and how sick it can really make you and that’s why we need programs to get people educated on what they can do to keep themselves healthy from getting sick. Children are on the rise of being obese and they are the number one group that is being affected. If the child is over weight we need to teach the parents as well how to eat right and exercise wit h your kids so that they wont be obese and at the same time you can be a roel model because if they see there parents then they will do what there parents are doing as well. The parents play a big role because they rely on them to guide them and tell them what to do and if you don’t do that then that could be a reason they could be obese as well. Obesity Obesity is on the rise and it went up 1.1% and two point four million people have been added to ranking in just the past two years. About seventy two million adults are now obese in the U.S and climing. (Doheny, 2005-2010). The CDC uses a surevye known as the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) it is used to update the specific obesisty rate in each state nationally as well. BRFSS is a surevey dine over the phone in each state to get the accurate information they need from people. (Doheny, 2005-2010). The survey indicated that not one state met the Healthy People 2010 target of...
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...Name: Student Number: UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO Faculty of Arts and Sciences APRIL 2011 EXAMINATIONS LMP301H1S DURATION: 2 HOURS Examination Aids: Non-programmable calculators are allowed Version A SECTION I – MULTIPLE CHOICE (88 marks) The 44 questions are of equal value (2 marks). Select the most correct answer for each question. 1. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding lipid biomarkers? i. ii. iii. iv. A. B. C. D. E. Total Cholesterol to HDL-C ratio is more sensitive for heart disease than cholesterol alone Elevated triglycerides are a defining criterion in metabolic syndrome Increase in lipoprotein(a) reflects accumulation of the small-dense form of LDL particles Measurement of Apo-A1 levels is useful in patients with metabolic syndrome at high risk i and ii i and iii iii and iv iv only All of the above (i, ii, iii and iv) 2. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding regulation of body water? A. B. C. D. E. Receptors in the hypothalamus respond to increased osmolality and stimulate thirst As the effective circulating volume increases, aldosterone secretion is suppressed Congestive heart failure may arise from volume overload of the circulatory system Anti-diuretic hormone stimulates the Na+/K+ transporter to retain sodium and water Angiotensin II stimulates vasoconstriction and sodium resorption in the kidney Page 1 of 15 Name: Student Number: 3. Given the following test results: sodium potassium chloride bicarbonate glucose...
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... * Metabolic imbalance (K, Ca, Mg, hypoxia, hypercapnia, acidosis, thyroid disease, phaeochromocytoma). * Tests: * Bloods: FBC, U&E, glucose, Ca, Mg, TSH. * ECG: look for signs of IHD, AF, short P-R interval, long QT interval, U waves. * If ECG normal consider doing 24 hour tape. * Echo: look for structural heart disease. * Others: exercise ECG, cardiac catheterisation etc. * Types of Arrhythmias: * Bradycardias: * If asymptomatic and rate >40bpm then no treatment. * Look for cause and stop any drugs that may be the cause or contributing. * If rate <40bpm and patient’s symptomatic give atropine (consider external pacemaker). * Sick Sinus Syndrome: * SAN dysfunction – causing bradycardia with possible arrest; or SAN block; or superventricular tachycardia alternating with bradycardia/asystole. * Superventricular Tachycardia (aka Narrow Complex): * Narrow...
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...VELEZ COLLEGE F. Ramos St., Cebu City College of Nursing A CASE ANALYSIS REPORT ON PATIENT N.M.C., 47 YEARS OLD, FEMALE, DIAGNOSED WITH UTERINE LEIOMYOMA (s/p TOTAL ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY and BILATERAL SALPINGO OOPHORECTOMY), BILATERAL OVARIAN NEWGROWTHS, METABOLIC SYNDROME, AND HYPERTENSION Submitted By: Villavelez, Carmina Anne Z. BSN III-C Submitted to: Mrs. Miraluna Echavez, RN, MN March 2013 UTERINE LEIOMYOMA/ UTERINE FIBROIDS Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during your childbearing years. Also called fibromyomas, leiomyomas or myomas, uterine fibroids aren't associated with an increased risk of uterine cancer and almost never develop into cancer. As many as 3 out of 4 women have uterine fibroids sometime during their lives, but most are unaware of them because they often cause no symptoms. Your doctor may discover fibroids incidentally during a pelvic exam or prenatal ultrasound. In general, uterine fibroids seldom require treatment. Medical therapy and surgical procedures can shrink or remove fibroids if you have discomfort or troublesome symptoms. Rarely, fibroids can require emergency treatment if they cause sudden, sharp pelvic pain or profuse menstrual bleeding. Symptoms In women who have symptoms, the most common symptoms of uterine fibroids include: * Heavy menstrual bleeding * Prolonged menstrual periods — seven days or more of menstrual bleeding * Pelvic pressure or pain *...
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...A kid with Hepatitis A can return to school 1 week within the onset of jaundice. 2. After a patient has dialysis they may have a slight fever...this is normal due to the fact that the dialysis solution is warmed by the machine. 3. Hyperkalemia presents on an EKG as tall peaked T-waves 4. The antidote for Mag Sulfate toxicity is ---Calcium Gluconate 5. Impetigo is a CONTAGEOUS skin disorder and the person needs to wash ALL linens and dishes seperate from the family. They also need to wash their hands frequently and avoid contact. positive sweat test. indicative of cystic fibrosis 1. Herbs: Black Cohosh is used to treat menopausal symptoms. When taken with an antihypertensive, it may cause hypotension. Licorice can increase potassium loss and may cause dig toxicity. 2. With acute appendicitis, expect to see pain first then nausea and vomiting. With gastroenitis, you will see nausea and vomiting first then pain. 3. If a patient is allergic to latex, they should avoid apricots, cherries, grapes, kiwi, passion fruit, bananas, avocados, chestnuts, tomatoes and peaches. 4. Do not elevate the stump after an AKA after the first 24 hours, as this may cause flexion contracture. 5. Beta Blockers and ACEI are less effective in African Americans than Caucasians. 1. for the myelogram postop positions. water based dye (lighter) bed elevated. oil based dye heavier bed flat. 2.autonomic dysreflexia- elevated bed first....then check foley...
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...Acquisitions Editor: Crystal Taylor Product Managers: Kelley A. Squazzo & Catherine A. Noonan Designer: Doug Smock Compositor: SPi Technologies First Edition © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business. 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 Printed in China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the abovementioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via website at lww.com (products and services). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lambert, Harold Wayne, 1972– Lippincott’s illustrated Q&A review of anatomy and embryology / H. Wayne Lambert, Lawrence E. Wineski ; with special contributions from Jeffery P. Hogg, Pat Abramson, Bruce Palmer. — 1st ed. p. ; cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-60547-315-4 1. Human anatomy—Examinations, questions, etc. I. Wineski, Lawrence E. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Anatomy—Examination Questions...
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...00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page i NCLEX-PN ® SECOND EDITION Wilda Rinehart Diann Sloan Clara Hurd 00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page ii NCLEX-PN® Exam Cram, Second Edition Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN-13:978-0-7897-2706-9 ISBN-10: 0-7897-3706-x Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rinehart, Wilda. NCLEX-PN exam cram / Wilda Rinehart, Diann Sloan, Clara Hurd. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-7897-3706-9 (pbk. w/cd) 1. Practical nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 2. Nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 3. National Council Licensure Examination for Practical/Vocational Nurses--Study guides. I. Sloan, Diann. II. Hurd, Clara. III. Title. RT62.R55 2008 610.73'076--dc22 2008000133 Printed in the United States of America First Printing: February 2008 Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately...
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...How to go to your page This eBook set contains two volumes. The main content pages are contiguously numbered: use the Table of Contents to find those page numbers. The front matter pages and indices are labeled with the Volume number and page separated by a colon. For example, to go to page vi of Volume 1, type Vol1:vi in the “page #” box at the top of the screen and click “Go”. To go to page vi of Volume 2, type Vol2:vi in the "page #" box… and so forth. Encyclopedia of Human Body Systems This page intentionally left blank Encyclopedia of Human Body Systems VOLUME 1 Julie McDowell, Editor Copyright 2010 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McDowell, Julie. Encyclopedia of human body systems / Julie McDowell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–313–39175–0 (hard copy : alk. paper) 1. Human physiology—Encyclopedias. I. Title. QP11.M33 2011 612.003—dc22 2010021682 ISBN: 978–0–313–39175–0 EISBN: 978–0–313–39176–7 14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. Greenwood An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC...
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