...| Introduction The term polygamy, meaning "the practice of multiple marriages", is used in related ways in social anthropology, sociobiology, and sociology. Polygamy can be defined as any form of marriage in which a person has more than one spouse. In social anthropology, polygamy is the practice of marriage to more than one spouse simultaneously. Historically, polygamy has been practiced as polygyny, meaning one man having more than one wife; or as polyandry, meaning one woman having more than one husband. In sociobiology, polygamy is used in a broad sense to mean any form of multiple mating. In a narrower sense, used by zoologists, polygamy includes a pair bond, perhaps temporary. Polygamy as stated earlier is the situation in which one man is either married to or involved in sexual relationships with a number of different women at one time (Magubane, 2003). This was the most common form of polygamy practiced by Mormons in the 19th century, and practiced today by self-identified fundamentalist offshoots (West and Jean, 2002). Polygamy existed all over Africa as an aspect of culture or religion. Plural marriages have been more common than not in the history of Africa. Many African societies saw children as a form of wealth thus the more children a family had the more powerful it was. Polygamy was and still is thought of as a part of empire building. It was only during the colonial era that plural marriage was perceived as taboo. Esther Stanford, an African...
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...sovereignty was another big cause of the civil war which I will be talking about. “Bleeding Kansas” was something that got the northerners in favor of the war. And lastly after the election of Abraham Lincoln, that ended up leading to the breakout of the civil war. Coming to the end of The Mexican War, new lands to the west of Texas were yielded to the United States and debate over the westward expansion of slavery was being talked about. Southern politicians and slave owners demanded that slavery be allowed in the West. Northerners however, believed that slavery should be banned from the new territories. Southerners worried that if politicians in the North prevented slavery from expanding westward, then it was only a matter of time before they began attacking it in the South as well. In the end the North and the South agreed to a compromise, the compromise of 1850, which was a bundle of legislation that everyone could agree on. California would be admitted to the union as a Free State and Utah not because they refused to give up the practice of polygamy. Though both sides agreed to it, the Compromise of 1850 clearly favored the North over the South. The...
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...other marriage practices have changed tremendously. When it comes to marriage, all cultures respect and honors its own marriage practice. Many marriage practices may be confusing and misunderstood from an outsider but will always be sacred within his/her tribe. In today’s society, we tend to self-judge another’s culture marriage practices because it is not the traditional marriage that we were brought believing. Even though we have become narrow-minded towards other forms of marriage and have come to believe that any other way wrong, marriage practices will always be performed differently. While some cultures believe in arranged marriages and same sex marriages, other cultures believe in multiple marriage partners which is known as polygamy. In some types of culture, all three of these marriage practices are accepted. Because of this, we should research farther into various cultures and find out what the reason is behind performing the different martial practices that they do because marriage will still continue in several different ways. Even though traditions might be similar to a particular point, the meaning and the marriage practices behind them are very different. When we do not have the power to choose who we want our future mate to be, it’s almost like someone is invading our privacy and taking away our right for free speech. Arranged marriages is an important part of every cultural and religious practices around the world and even in the US today. Some advantages...
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...country of economic interest and they had to control the canal as a means of protecting India and all of its economic advantages Britain This gave Egypt economic importance and the government devolved into British hands Furthermore it following the nationalist riots led by colonel Arabi, Egyptian nationalism began to emerge. Egypt was part of the Turkish Empire and Egyptians began to want freedom from the Turkish. Britain feared if they were to free themselves from Turkish rule they would form alliances with other European countries, minimising Britain’s influence. Although this could be said that this was a political reason why they expanded into North Africa Additionally strategic factors were Britain’s main reason for expansion in the south Following the Zulu uprising the Boers sought Britain’s help to crush the uprising. Britain followed through as they saw this as an opportunity to consolidate British rule. Following the second Boer war their primary concern was strategic importance. The Second Boer war in 1899 arose due to the Boers wanting their freedom from British rule wanted to but Cape Town posed of strategic importance as it’s a...
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...University of Phoenix Material Appendix D Part I Define the following terms: |Term |Definition | |Ethnic group |people of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture. | | |wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn | | | | |Anti-Semitism |the intense dislike for and prejudice against Jewish people | | |wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn | |Islamophobia |Extreme or irrational fear of all Islamic persons | | |wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn | |Xenophobia |Intense or irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries | | |wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn | |Persecution |the act of persecuting (especially on the basis...
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...People in France also enjoy croissants and different kinds of bread but baguette is the most popular. They also like truffles; a black, warty fungus that grow in the roots of oak and hazelnut trees. Truffles are really expensive and they use trained pigs to find them. The study compares these two countries France and Kenya within the setting of International Management practices. Comparing and Contrasting France Verses Kenya Kenya is located in East Africa and borders Somalia to the northeast, Ethiopia to the north, Sudan to the northwest, Uganda to the west, Tanzania to the south, and the Indian Ocean to the east. The country straddles the equator, covering a total of 224,961 square miles (582,600 square kilometers; roughly twice the size of the state of Nevada). Kenya has wide white-sand beaches on the coast. Inland plains cover three-quarters of the country; they are mostly bush, covered in underbrush. In the west are the highlands where the altitude rises from three thousand to ten thousand feet. Nairobi, Kenya's largest city and capital, is located in the central highlands. The highest point, at 17,058 feet (5,200 meters), is Mount Kenya. Kenya shares Lake Victoria, the largest lake in Africa and the main source of the Nile River, with Tanzania and Uganda. Another significant feature of Kenyan geography is the Great Rift Valley, the wide, steep canyon that cuts through the highlands. Kenya is also home to some of the world's most...
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...Multi-Bonding: Polygamy, Polygyny, Polyamory Defining and Identifying Multi-bonding Non-monogamous relationships can take any number of forms, including, but not limited to, serial pair-bonding (known most frequently as serial monogamy), polygamy, polyandry, communal living, and “open” pair-bondings, where sexual or sexual-emotional relationships outside of the primary one are tolerated to a greater or lesser degree (cf. Robinson, 1997). Polygyny has been defined as “the marriage of a man to two or more women at the same time” (Moorehead, 1991: 311), or the “practice of plural marriage” (Altman and Ginat, 1996: 3). The term polygamy has also been used synonymously with polygyny, although it could also be used to encompass polyandry (Welch and Glick, 1981). Polyandry refers to the marriage of one woman to two or more husbands, while polygynandry contemplates a situation in which two or more women are simultaneously married to two or more men (Al-Krenawi, Graham, and Slonim-Nevo, 2002). Polygynandry has also been used to refer to group marriage (Anon., 2004). The term informal polygamy has been used to describe relationships characterized by the simultaneous existence of a legal marriage of one man to one woman and an affair with a second woman that has become a stable feature of the family structure (Rivett and Street, 1993). In contrast, polyamory refers to “group marriage” or the existence of one or more sexual 27 28 • Multi-Bonding: Polygamy, Polygyny,...
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...2 Multi-Bonding: Polygamy, Polygyny, Polyamory Defining and Identifying Multi-bonding Non-monogamous relationships can take any number of forms, including, but not limited to, serial pair-bonding (known most frequently as serial monogamy), polygamy, polyandry, communal living, and “open” pair-bondings, where sexual or sexual-emotional relationships outside of the primary one are tolerated to a greater or lesser degree (cf. Robinson, 1997). Polygyny has been defined as “the marriage of a man to two or more women at the same time” (Moorehead, 1991: 311), or the “practice of plural marriage” (Altman and Ginat, 1996: 3). The term polygamy has also been used synonymously with polygyny, although it could also be used to encompass polyandry (Welch and Glick, 1981). Polyandry refers to the marriage of one woman to two or more husbands, while polygynandry contemplates a situation in which two or more women are simultaneously married to two or more men (Al-Krenawi, Graham, and Slonim-Nevo, 2002). Polygynandry has also been used to refer to group marriage (Anon., 2004). The term informal polygamy has been used to describe relationships characterized by the simultaneous existence of a legal marriage of one man to one woman and an affair with a second woman that has become a stable feature of the family structure (Rivett and Street, 1993). In contrast, polyamory refers to “group marriage” or the existence of one or more sexual 27 28 • Multi-Bonding: Polygamy, Polygyny, Polyamory ...
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...Running head: ISLAM : GLOBAL CONCEPT AND PRACTICES 1 Islam : Global Concept and Practices DeVry University Sociology – 350N – Cultural Diversity in Professions Spring Semester 2013 Introduction The history of Islam, its’ concepts and practices is one of the most intriguing yet controversial religions known today. Worldwide, Muslims make up about 23.4 percent of the population, while Christianity makes up about 30 percent (Goodstein, 2011). A study published in 2009 by the Pew Research Center to get global concept of the Muslim population found, “Of the 232 countries and territories included in this study, 50 are Muslim-majority” (p. 5). The Center also found “While 80% of the world’s Muslims live in countries where Muslims are in the majority, significant numbers – about one-fifth of the world’s Muslim population – live as religious minorities in their home countries” (p. 7). With so many countries adhering to Islam and the growth of the Muslim population here in America and worldwide; how will this affect how non-Islamic countries communicate and interact with Islamic countries and how we communicate right here in the United States? If Muslim fundamentalists were not at the forefront of controversy in the war on terrorism, would Islam be a religion that sparks so much debate? Even before September 11th, there had been much controversy related to Islam. However most of it occurred on foreign soil. With significant bombings and terrorist attacks in Europe...
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...National University of Ireland, Dublin Cross-Cultural Management An In-Depth Analysis of Zimbabwe Class: BSC15D Submitted by: 6th August 2011 Table of Contents | 1.0: Introduction ……........................................................................................................................... | 2.0: Findings………………......................................................................................................................2.1: Political Philosophy and Ideology …………………………………………………………………………2.2: Economic Philosophy and Ideology ……………………………………………………………………….2.3: Geographic Philosophy and Ideology……………………………………………………………………..2.4: History Philosophy and Ideology ………………………………………………………………………….2.5: Language Philosophy and Ideology ……………………………………………………………………….2.6: Religion Philosophy and Ideology …………………………………………………………………………2.7: Social Structure Philosophy and Ideology …………………………………………………………….. | 3.0: Analysis…………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………44.0: Implication........................................................................................................................4 | 5.0: Conclusion...............................................................................................................4 | 6.0: Referencing.................................................................................................................................5 | | | 1.0 Introduction 2.1 Political Philosophy and Ideology ...
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...THE ECONOMICS OF POLYGAMY Amyra Shechtman Grossbard, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA INTRODUCTION Polygamy can take the form of polyandry (several men share a woman) or of polygyny (a man marries several women). The latter form is more common, as nearly all sub-Saharan and most Muslim countries permit it. In parts of sub-Saharan Africa, as many as 35% of married men are polygynous (Dorjahn, 1959), so that the majority of the population participates in a polygynous household at some time. This paper uses economic theory to offer insights into the determinants of polygamy. Since I will try to establish some correspondence between theory and facts around the world, the focus will be on the more common type of plural marriage, polygyny. The theory developed in the first section is based on Becker's economics of marriage. Although anthropologists (for instance, Goldschmidt, 1974) and sociologists (for instance, Rosenthal, 1970) have previously used the concept of marriage market, they have not developed the theoretical implications of Research in Population Economics, Vol. 2, pages 321-350 Copyright © 1980 by JAI Press Inc. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. ISBN: 0-89232-125-3 32i . 322 AMYRA SHECHTMAN GROSS BARD that concept to the extent that Becker has in his "A Theory of Marriage . .. This paper expands on Becker's analysis of polygamy both in theory and in empirical work . An extensive review of cross-cultural evidence, largely based...
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...individuals, regulated by daylight. * Introduces the concept of “going to work” * Lays the foundation for modern America Transportation and Technology * Roads, railroads, steamboats, canals. Telegraph * Previously transporting between US cities was an expensive as shipping overseas * Production was local * No standardization, no connection Examples: * 1806 congress approved road from Cumberland, MD to Illinois * 1807, steamboat tested, made transportation upstream possible * 1825 Erie Canal-upstate New York connected to the Great Lakes * 1830’s telegraph developed * 1837 3000 miles of canal * For decades huge tracts of land go to railroad companies THE GROWING WEST * Between 1790 and 1840 4.5 million people move west of Appalachians * Between 1815 and 1821 six new states entered the Union: Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Alabama, Mississippi, and Maine * Southerners with slaves moved into a new Cotton Kingdom * Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas * Northerners moved into Illinois Michigan Wisconsin EXPANSION * Manifest Destiny: United States had a divinely appointed mission, so obvious as to be beyond dispute, to occupy all of North America * John L O’Sullivan 1845 * Continued expansion would prevent social classes like in England * Borders were unimportant- Florida, Texas, etc. *...
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... at large, treated individuals with great contempt. The question is whether or not this new faith group was any different. How did treatment of African Americans among the Saints differ from that of the general population of the United States during the period from 1830, the church’s founding, to the end of the century? What was the LDS church’s position on slavery and did practice follow policy among members of a church founded on the principles of “faith, hope, and charity”?[ii] And, how was the view towards and treatment of free colored persons different that that toward slaves? The Contemporary view The treatments of African Americans in the United States varied throughout the general population. From the slave states of the south, where cruel masters held little hesitation in inflicting whippings, lashings, food deprivations, and other inhumane treatment, to the...
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...River (“Cocopah Indian Tribe”). Yet the river continued to be a source for the Cocopah’s existence and one of the central aspects of its culture and mission. The Cocopah Tribe was and still is divided into East, West, and North Cocopah, all of which shared consistent, distinct lifestyle qualities (ITCA). Agriculture was one of the most fundamental aspects of Cocopah life, and its people cultivated and harvested plants including corn, beans, melons, grains, and pumpkins in the river’s marshes (“Cocopah Indian Tribe; Hodge). Cocopah members were so agriculturally savvy that traveling guests were often offered farmed foods as welcome gifts (ITCA). The tribe also depended on indigenous grasses, roots, and seeds for sources of food (“Cocopah Indian Tribe”). Tools including bows and arrows, spears, wooden clubs, and nets were used specifically for hunting game like deer and smaller mammals like rabbits in the surrounding forests, and spears and nets captured riparian animals like shellfish and fish (“About Us”; “Cocopah Indian Tribe”). The lavish grasses, weeds, and mud came in handy for housing. Shelters called “wattled huts” were built using, almost solely, dried weeds, brush, and plastered mud (Hodge). Other practices including cremation of the dead and occasional polygamy suggest a more liberal religious viewpoint (Hodge). Their adapted lifestyle and focus on agriculture were essential tribal characteristics that helped the Cocopah members survive. The Cocopah also made cultural...
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...r{,r,, ^'r\. J. L !--.,,r'*- A 4l^ 4^ *- rwc,\ l*"d , Cr^V*Voa^{Y /Aotql [ss^'/> ?**, o^ft*^Na JJ rrr! alt i , 3 cz €);o\t -', , l)*s*xY YUrrur(J Susan Moller Okin "ls Multiculturalism Bad for Women?" Ethics in Society and Profe.ssor o,f.Politiin Western Political Thought andJustice, cal Science atStanford rJniversity, isthe authorofwomen Cender, and the FamilY. Susan Moller Okin, the Marta Sutton Weeks Professor of arise between acceptance of diversity In this article, Okin explores some of the tensions that the rights and well-being of women' (a key telnA of multicultural'ism) and concern for ' As You Recd, Consiiler This: ,'Eeminism" .and "multicultur rtlism" 1. fine each of these terms? aTe two key terms in okin's arlrcle' How does she de- originallypublisheditlheBostonReview,october/November199?'ReprintedinsusanMollerOkin'IsMulticulc' Nussbaum (Princeton: PrinceMatthew Howard' and Martha turalism Bad for women? edited by Joshua cohen, Press, 1999). ton UniversitY Chapter 7 . Gender 287 2. Why, according to Kymticka, do certain minority groups deserve special group rights? 3. \Mhat is the liberal response to Okin's crlttque?'Nhatrejoinder does Olcrn offer to this response? Until the past few decades, minority groups-immigrants as well as indigenous peoples-were typically expected to assimilate into majority cultures. This assimilationist expectation is now often ...
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