...when I found a reference to King Athelstan. He established what is the first recorded almshouse – in York in the 10th Century. I also found that the oldest established charity still in existence is thought to be the Hospital of St. Oswald in Worcester, founded around 990. What I found disturbing is that even though the almshouses in Great Britain survive and thrive – after many adaptations to this day – the almshouses established in the United States evolved to become very bad places. (Almshouses.org website) In our text, we read that in the United States, human services were established and modeled according to the Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601, and that the first principle laid down in the colonies defined poor relief as a public responsibility. Another principle stipulated that people would be denied support if they had family members who were not poor, i.e., parents, grandparents, adult children, or grandchildren. (Woodside, p. 33) This entire subject area is fascinating. Early Peoples Recorded In History In researching “human services from the early peoples recorded in history” we can go back pretty far. Human services,...
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...Helping the Poor Helping the Poor Friendly visiting, dole charities and dole queues Robert Whelan based on research by Barendina Smedley Civitas: Institute for the Study of Civil Society London First published October 2001 © The Institute for the Study of Civil Society 2001 The Mezzanine, Elizabeth House 39 York Road, London SE1 7NQ email: books@civitas.org.uk All rights reserved ISBN 1-903 386-16-0 Typeset by Civitas in New Century Schoolbook Printed in Great Britain by St Edmundsbury Press Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk Contents Acknowledgements Authors vi viii Introduction: Hand-outs and Leg-ups Section 1: The Visiting Charity The Charity Organisation Society 1. The Organisation of Charity 2. Preaching the ‘Gospel of Social Reform’ in West London 3. The Fulham and Hammersmith Committee and Its Cases Section 2: The Dole Charity The Mansion House Fund 4. From West End to East End 5. Lord Mayor Aid 6. The Aftermath 7. Moralities and Mathematics Appendices Appendix 1 Applications for Relief Received by the Fulham and Hammersmith District Committee of the COS, November 1879 - October 1880 Appendix 2 The 27 Extant Fulham and Hammersmith Casebooks Appendix 3 The Charity Organisation Society by Miss Octavia Hill Notes Index 1 9 24 39 51 59 85 90 99 137 164 166 182 v Acknowledgements This book has been made possible by a generous grant from the Wincott Foundation. The author would like to express his thanks to the trustees. The research...
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...The author meets numerous people, including Holly a maid in Maine that she befriends. Ehrenreich’s view of low wage workers helps her understand their situation around the country as she comes to the realization that one cannot afford nutritious food, a protected living enviroment and provide for health insurance all on low earnings. My paper will discuss the repercussions of low wages on the working poor as well as how they are viewed by society. Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America The book Nickel and Dimed begins with the author, Barbara Ehrenreich (2011), contemplating how she will take on the task of living with limited money and assets as she has a Ph.D. in Biology, but her focus became social change. Ehrenreich must ground rules for her research and decides that she must have transportation, a place to live and food to eat as these are things that she will need to get by. "Transportation is also a major barrier to financial self-sufficiency for many working poor families. Many of the working poor do not get to work with the ease that most working non-poor enjoy" (Lambert, 1998). The second leg of Ehnrenreich’s journey begins in...
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...PAPER TEORI SOSIOLOGI KLASIK PERLOMBAAN DI KAMPUS DAN KEHIDUPAN PERKULIAHAN ( Studi Kasus : Ketika Perlombaan UKM dan Solative Sosiologi Tidak Disesuaikan Dengan Jadwal Kuliah Mahasiswa, Serta Pembedaan antara Masa SMA dan Kuliah) Oleh: Ahmad Rofiki PENDAHULUAN Masa kuliah adalah masa dewasa dini yang telah memikirkan masa depan. Ini ditandai dengan adanya semangat bersaing dan hasrat kuat untuk maju dalam karir1. Tidak seperti pada saat SMA yang masih kental dengan aroma persahabatan kuat. Dalam masa dewasa dini ini kita hanya menyisihkan waktu yang sedikit untuk bergaul bersama teman-teman kampus. Begitu pula ketika kampus mengadakan kegiatan perlombaan UKM dan Solative Sosiologi, kebanyakan dari teman-teman mahasiswa tidak mengikutinya. Di karenakan jadwal perkuliahan mereka tidak di sesuaikan dengan jadwal perlombaan. Tidak seperti di SMA, yang melakukan classmeeting atau perlombaan diadakan saat setelah UAS. Perlombaan di kampus diadakan sebelum UAS, kendati pun perlombaan itu diadakan setelah UAS. Saya yakin tidak ada yang mau untuk menonton. Kenapa demikian, karena kebanyakan mahasiswa sudah sibuk untuk mengurusi liburan pulang kampung mereka. Bagaimana menanamkan kepada para mahasiswa di jurusan sosiologi maupun yang lain, supaya lebih mementingkan mengikuti perlombaan daripada mengikuti jadwal perkuliahan. Saya rasa mustahil, karena mereka lebih mementingkan mendapatkan nilai bagus, memikirkan masa depan dan membuat kedua orang tua bangga dengan cara lulus tepat...
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...Living in what feels like poverty, I feel as if school is my highest priority. With everything going on at home, I didn’t want to burden my parents with more problems. My family has not always been financially stable, making it a bit difficult for us at times. My academic studies have always been important for me, school overall was not always the safest place to be though, as well as the community. There were gangs everywhere you looked; as well as drugs; it almost felt as if everyone was into them. Everyone always either asked, or pressured you into trying them. I'd like to do something to change the way others live their lives, make a change in it. Being a registered nurse, I feel would be something I’d like to fulfill. Being a registered nurse, you help those who have been hurt and heal them. In the end, you feel good about yourself. My life isn’t all that comparable to those who are in the street and homeless, I might have been upset and stressed out about the bills although there are those out there who have nothing. The person you’re helping will lead a good life – after your involvement. Being a registered nurse, you help the homeless, the elderly, those with medical health conditions, as well as drug and alcohol abusers; I can help others lead a good life. Living in poverty, I feel as if I should further my education so my children won’t have to worry on what I had to. I love my family; they were always the biggest supporters throughout school. The thing was I was always...
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...CCTs and UCTs seem very attractive to aid donors. I have summarized the following points to help you understand my analysis: CCTs: Purpose: CCTs usually has very distinctive priorities, such as supporting individual household with health, education and helping woman (The Economist, 2013). Pros: 1) CCTs can focus on helping the children improve their education and cut future poverty (Mohan, 2013). 2) CCTs usually works better when dealing with the root causes of poverty and, it can help families escape from poverty once for all (The Economist, 2013). Con: 1) Some recipients eligible for CCTs fail to meet the conditions due to some unmanageable condition (The Economist, 2013). UCTs: Purpose: It simply handing out cash to the poor without condition attached and relieves people from poverty (Mohan, 2013). Pros: 1) UCTs is cheaper than CCTs to run (The Economist, 2013). 2) UCTs is best suitable when the money is the main issue (Mohan, 2013). . 3) UCTs seem has better results than the traditional aid program (such as job-training programs) (Mohan, 2013). Con: 1) There is no long term effect has been able to assessed (Baird, 2013). Heifer...
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...Running head: Cultural Influence in Development Cultural Influences in Development Fhameka Lewis February 10, 2015 Argosy University Single Moms Single moms face a challenge within their lives. Some mothers become single through divorce and while others become single outside of wedlock. However, there is no set age for a single mom. Statics states that most females become single moms before they finish high school and is receiving some type of government assistance for help. The average single mom has either dropped out of school or working a minimum paying job. Because of the high cost of living rate it is impossible for these single moms to provide a healthy life for their children. Therefore the Department of Human Service is stepping up to the platform to help these moms seek better jobs and receive a better education. The Jefferson County Department of Human Services will be offering a variety of workshops for all single moms in the surrounding communities. The workshop is called Single Moms Taking Control, and will be on Thursday June 3, 2015 during the hours of 9:00 a.m. until 2:00 p.m. The purpose of the workshop will be to provide guidance and resources for all the single moms who which to go back to school to receive their GED or for those who which to obtain a degree in higher education. The workshops will also help the moms with resources to maintaining a healthy relationship with their family. Also throughout the workshops there will be venders there...
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...Dominican immigrants are part of the changing demographics in Harlem. In Canarsie, the possible migration of blacks into a working/middle-class neighborhood prompts conservative backlash from a traditionally liberal community. In Streetwise, the migration of yuppies as a result of gentrification, and the movement of nearby-ghetto blacks into these urban renewal sites also invoke fear of crime and neighborhood devaluation among the gentrifying community. Not only is migration a common thread, but the persistence of poverty, despite the current economic boom, is the cornerstone of all these works. Poverty, complicated by the dynamics of race in America, call for universalistic policy strategies, some of which are articulated in Poor Support and The War Against the Poor. In When Work Disappears, William Julius Wilson builds upon many of the insights he introduced in The Truly Disadvantaged, such as the rampant joblessness, social isolation, and lack of marriageable males that characterized many urban ghetto neighborhoods. In the class discussion, Professor Wilson argues that it is necessary to disassociate unemployment with joblessness, as the former only measures those still seeking jobs while the latter encompasses those who may have dropped out of the labor market. Also, by focusing on neighborhood-level poverty, he highlights...
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...------------------------------------------------- Act for the Relief of the Poor 1601 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Old Poor Law" redirects here. For the Old Poor Law which existed in Scotland between 1574-1845, see Old Scottish Poor Law. The Poor Relief Act 1601[1] | Parliament of England | Long title | An Acte for the Releife of the Poore.[2] | Citation | 43 Eliz 1 c 2 | Status: Repealed | The Poor Relief Act 1601 (43 Eliz 1 c 2) was an Act of the Parliament of England. The Act for the Relief of the Poor 1601, popularly known as the "Elizabethan Poor Law", "43rd Elizabeth"[3] or the "Old Poor Law"[4] was passed in 1601 and created a national poor lawsystem for England and Wales.[5] It formalised earlier practices of poor relief distribution in England and Wales[6] and is generally considered a refinement of the Act for the Relief of the Poor 1597 that established Overseers of the Poor.[7] The "Old Poor Law" was not one law but a collection of laws passed between the 16th and 18th centuries. The system's administrative unit was the parish. It was not a centralised government policy[6] but a law which made individual parishes responsible for Poor Law legislation. The 1601 act saw a move away from the more obvious forms of punishing paupers under the Tudor system towards methods of "correction". Several amending pieces of legislation can be considered part of the Old Poor Law.[8] These include: * 1662 – Poor Relief Act 1662 (Settlement Acts) * 1723 – Workhouse Test Act...
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...outweighed the negative effects brought by industrialization. Pessimists argue that the quality of life for workers deteriorated greatly between 1780 and 1850, with very limited improvements for some skilled sectors before the 1870’s. This purpose of this paper is to analyze the debate from an economic and social perspective. We will examine both arguments and prove that although there was a rise in real wages, that rise was not as high as many optimists believe, and that the rise in real wages did not mean that the living standards of the average citizen were necessarily improved. This paper will substantiate that the benefits resulting from the rise in real wages, did not outweigh the costs that followed. We will examine how pollution, poor working conditions, and an overall lack of basic human rights and equality, plagued the British population and did not initially raise the living standards of the average person in Britain. The majority of debates between pessimists and optimists consist of exchanging evidence from various indices including money wages, and real wages. The optimist’s argument is one dimensional, purely economic, and boiled down to the fact that the Industrial revolution brought gains in real wages (P.H. Lindert, 1983). In a 1983 paper by optimists Peter Lindert and Jeffrey Williamson, the authors produced estimates of real wages in England from 1781...
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...Child Welfare System Article BSHS/302 October 8, 2012 Joe Spalding Child Welfare System Article This article examines the characteristics of child welfare caseworkers, their views of the child welfare system, their clients, their agency of employment, and child welfare policies, and whether these views vary according to caseworkers' characteristics. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze in-depth interviews conducted with caseworkers in New York and Chicago. The major themes that emerged from the analysis indicate caseworkers believed that the child welfare system does not meet the needs of the children in care, lacks the resources to appropriately serve clients, and often establishes goals that cannot be attained by the biological parents. Caseworkers held negative views of the biological parents and, although most described their organization as well equipped, almost as many reported that their organization lacked technical, administrative, and personnel resources. Caseworkers' views of child welfare policies emphasized the need for reforming the system and reevaluating funding priorities.( Zell, M. C. (2006). Child welfare workers: Who they are and how they view the child welfare system. Child Welfare, 85(1), 83-103.) Response This article shows results among two cities Chicago and New York on the child welfare system. The results for the article show the interest of the case workers and how they can affect the individual they serve as clients...
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...Poverty Poverty would be defined as the state of being extremely poor, having little or no money, goods; or means of support and it gets to a stage where you can no more provide for the necessities in your life. Poverty is caused by a number of factors; such provide as; political instability, debt, discrimination & social inequality… Inequality There are many different types of inequality such being; income inequality, gender inequality, but a broad outline of what inequality is, is that it’s a condition of being unequal towards someone or a group of people. Example would be a male and female working the same job and same amount of hours and the one getting paid more than the other due to circumstances such as discrimination and prejudice...
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...The poor relief of 1601 was an act of the Parliament of England. It created a National poor law system for England and Wales, which is commonly known as the Law that made the individual parishes responsible for poor law legislation. It drew together a collection of laws from between 16th and 18th centuries which included an improvement of the ‘Act for the relief of the Poor 1597’ that founded ‘overseers of the poor’ (May, 1995). The 1601 act was responsible for introducing a less barbaric approach, which was prevalent under the Tudor system and its main focus was to help as oppose to punish beggars and vagabonds (Slack,1990). The two forms of relief for the poor was either indoor relief meaning inside a workhouse or outdoor relief (outside a workhouse), this was the most common form of relief as the cost of building different workhouse were extremely expensive. A huge majority of relief came in the form of food and distribution of money during this period (Slack,1990). The ‘Deserving’ and ‘undeserving poor’ were ways of defining whether a person was accepted of the poor relief. The idle poor were identified as those avoiding work, the law wanted to warrant that these people were punished, although branding and whipping was abolished once the 1601 poor law was introduced as it was seen as barbaric and a more humane approach was maintained (Quigley,1996). They were still forced into work, much often forced to work long hours in the workhouses. The impotent poor were genuinely...
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...discussions of the poor laws were written in England during his stay there for 18 years. During this period there was heated discussion and condemnation of the poor laws in England. Franklin was a scholar with keen interest in economics, and political discourse and was easily drawn in the discussion. In 1766 he was upfront in questioning the poor laws, and advocating outright repeal. He made it clear that he was for helping the poor. His point of contention was the means to support them. Franklin was making the case, that the poor can workout of poverty. He believed what was needed was providing them jobs, leadership and motivation for them to work. He earlier mentioned that perhaps the order of God and nature of wants and miseries is about leading or driving...
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...precarious existence. As part of Marketplace Morning Report’s series on the world of low-wage work, reporter David Schaper looks at the paucity of safe, affordable day care for low-income families. Kharfen, M. (Dec, 2000.) Low-income working mothers with children often have a hard time finding affordable day care. Even when child-care costs are based on a sliding-scale fee, many mothers with minimum-wage jobs can’t pay all of their child-care bills and still have money for housing, food, and transportation. we, as a society, want poor parents to be productive workers, some form of appropriate child care—regardless of parents’ ability to pay—must be available. Whether such care should be provided by employers, faith-based or charitable organizations, or through governmental programs is up to the citizenry to decide. It would be a mistake, for people to think that it’s not their problem or that these families are getting what they deserve based on their “poor life choices.” After all, children don’t choose their parents. Government studies say families shouldn't spend more than 10 percent of their income on child care.( Peisner-Feinberg, et al 1999). Studies show that families earning less than $20,000...
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