...| | |Lifecourse & End of Life | |Word count; 501 | |2904118 | | | Lifecourse & End of Life Understanding the immense changes in patterns of social, individual and community life continues to be one of the major roles and challenges for social science research. People's lives and how they unfold over the Lifecourse in relation to education, employment, leisure, consumption and health are a topic of major national interest. Demographic changes such as an increasing proportion of older people in the population (and a reducing retirement age) raise issues not only concerning social policy and employment, but also about participation, independence, and trust and responsibility between generations. People's mental and physical health and their experience of health services are intimately related to social and lifestyle factors, and to expectations and aspirations Presented the option, most people would choose to die at home surrounded by those whom they love. The latter may...
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...manifested; and often will trigger an action or behavioural. In receiving the diagnose of a new condition with a poor prognosis, the individual is more likely to experience emotional stress. He or she would be unable to communicate as effectively as this is an emotionally sensitive situation; solely due to unfamiliarity with such an encounter of change. Mixed of emotions of anxiety and frustration come into play, as news such as this signifies permanent change or possible death. Depending on whether or not loss of any functional ability is inevitable to this prognosis; the individual is also likely to experience feelings of depression. This depression and hopelessness, while understandable, can compromise the ability to cope with the pain and in most scenarios can prove detrimental to family relationships (NCBI, 2000). Cognitive response is to do with the physiological processes of the mind with respect to the particular situation at hand. The mind, in situations such as these, is often incomprehensive, due to maybe unexpectedness and shock. Isaac Asimov, An American, professor and author of the early 1900’s once said ‘Life is pleasant, death is peaceful, it is the transition that is troublesome”. It is often thoughts of such transitions that bring about emotional stress within the individual. The individual within their stress will likely ruminate over the course of the prognosis and diagnosis and will tend to overemphasise the potential consequences of the current situation. This...
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...In response to a diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis, individuals are expected to experience a range of both physical and psychological responses. The stress resulting, can be explained as “the internal process that occurs as people try to adjust to events and situations, especially those that they perceive to be beyond their coping strategies” (Bernstein et al., 2015, p. 103). Whilst the severity of the response is dependent on the individual involved, people often display similar reactions to stressors. In addition, physiological and psychological responses often occur together to form the individual’s response. The psychological responses can be further broken down into behavioural, cognitive and emotional changes. In response to a diagnosis with a poor likely outcome, individuals will likely experience a chain of emotional responses. Initially, the patient may be subjected to fear which may result in ongoing anxiety for the patient. Other common reported feelings due to stressors are anger, depression and irritability. However, in relation to a poor prognosis, individuals can often experience feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Individuals can act to reduce their emotional stress responses by employing emotion focused coping. Typically this involves “actions that are directed toward decreasing the emotional component of a stress response” (Grivas, Letch, Down,& Carter, 2010, p.599) and may include strategies such as denial, acceptance, distancing and...
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...The author meets numerous people, including Holly a maid in Maine that she befriends. Ehrenreich’s view of low wage workers helps her understand their situation around the country as she comes to the realization that one cannot afford nutritious food, a protected living enviroment and provide for health insurance all on low earnings. My paper will discuss the repercussions of low wages on the working poor as well as how they are viewed by society. Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America The book Nickel and Dimed begins with the author, Barbara Ehrenreich (2011), contemplating how she will take on the task of living with limited money and assets as she has a Ph.D. in Biology, but her focus became social change. Ehrenreich must ground rules for her research and decides that she must have transportation, a place to live and food to eat as these are things that she will need to get by. "Transportation is also a major barrier to financial self-sufficiency for many working poor families. Many of the working poor do not get to work with the ease that most working non-poor enjoy" (Lambert, 1998). The second leg of Ehnrenreich’s journey begins in...
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...PAPER TEORI SOSIOLOGI KLASIK PERLOMBAAN DI KAMPUS DAN KEHIDUPAN PERKULIAHAN ( Studi Kasus : Ketika Perlombaan UKM dan Solative Sosiologi Tidak Disesuaikan Dengan Jadwal Kuliah Mahasiswa, Serta Pembedaan antara Masa SMA dan Kuliah) Oleh: Ahmad Rofiki PENDAHULUAN Masa kuliah adalah masa dewasa dini yang telah memikirkan masa depan. Ini ditandai dengan adanya semangat bersaing dan hasrat kuat untuk maju dalam karir1. Tidak seperti pada saat SMA yang masih kental dengan aroma persahabatan kuat. Dalam masa dewasa dini ini kita hanya menyisihkan waktu yang sedikit untuk bergaul bersama teman-teman kampus. Begitu pula ketika kampus mengadakan kegiatan perlombaan UKM dan Solative Sosiologi, kebanyakan dari teman-teman mahasiswa tidak mengikutinya. Di karenakan jadwal perkuliahan mereka tidak di sesuaikan dengan jadwal perlombaan. Tidak seperti di SMA, yang melakukan classmeeting atau perlombaan diadakan saat setelah UAS. Perlombaan di kampus diadakan sebelum UAS, kendati pun perlombaan itu diadakan setelah UAS. Saya yakin tidak ada yang mau untuk menonton. Kenapa demikian, karena kebanyakan mahasiswa sudah sibuk untuk mengurusi liburan pulang kampung mereka. Bagaimana menanamkan kepada para mahasiswa di jurusan sosiologi maupun yang lain, supaya lebih mementingkan mengikuti perlombaan daripada mengikuti jadwal perkuliahan. Saya rasa mustahil, karena mereka lebih mementingkan mendapatkan nilai bagus, memikirkan masa depan dan membuat kedua orang tua bangga dengan cara lulus tepat...
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...Living in what feels like poverty, I feel as if school is my highest priority. With everything going on at home, I didn’t want to burden my parents with more problems. My family has not always been financially stable, making it a bit difficult for us at times. My academic studies have always been important for me, school overall was not always the safest place to be though, as well as the community. There were gangs everywhere you looked; as well as drugs; it almost felt as if everyone was into them. Everyone always either asked, or pressured you into trying them. I'd like to do something to change the way others live their lives, make a change in it. Being a registered nurse, I feel would be something I’d like to fulfill. Being a registered nurse, you help those who have been hurt and heal them. In the end, you feel good about yourself. My life isn’t all that comparable to those who are in the street and homeless, I might have been upset and stressed out about the bills although there are those out there who have nothing. The person you’re helping will lead a good life – after your involvement. Being a registered nurse, you help the homeless, the elderly, those with medical health conditions, as well as drug and alcohol abusers; I can help others lead a good life. Living in poverty, I feel as if I should further my education so my children won’t have to worry on what I had to. I love my family; they were always the biggest supporters throughout school. The thing was I was always...
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...when I found a reference to King Athelstan. He established what is the first recorded almshouse – in York in the 10th Century. I also found that the oldest established charity still in existence is thought to be the Hospital of St. Oswald in Worcester, founded around 990. What I found disturbing is that even though the almshouses in Great Britain survive and thrive – after many adaptations to this day – the almshouses established in the United States evolved to become very bad places. (Almshouses.org website) In our text, we read that in the United States, human services were established and modeled according to the Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601, and that the first principle laid down in the colonies defined poor relief as a public responsibility. Another principle stipulated that people would be denied support if they had family members who were not poor, i.e., parents, grandparents, adult children, or grandchildren. (Woodside, p. 33) This entire subject area is fascinating. Early Peoples Recorded In History In researching “human services from the early peoples recorded in history” we can go back pretty far. Human services,...
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...CCTs and UCTs seem very attractive to aid donors. I have summarized the following points to help you understand my analysis: CCTs: Purpose: CCTs usually has very distinctive priorities, such as supporting individual household with health, education and helping woman (The Economist, 2013). Pros: 1) CCTs can focus on helping the children improve their education and cut future poverty (Mohan, 2013). 2) CCTs usually works better when dealing with the root causes of poverty and, it can help families escape from poverty once for all (The Economist, 2013). Con: 1) Some recipients eligible for CCTs fail to meet the conditions due to some unmanageable condition (The Economist, 2013). UCTs: Purpose: It simply handing out cash to the poor without condition attached and relieves people from poverty (Mohan, 2013). Pros: 1) UCTs is cheaper than CCTs to run (The Economist, 2013). 2) UCTs is best suitable when the money is the main issue (Mohan, 2013). . 3) UCTs seem has better results than the traditional aid program (such as job-training programs) (Mohan, 2013). Con: 1) There is no long term effect has been able to assessed (Baird, 2013). Heifer...
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...Running head: Cultural Influence in Development Cultural Influences in Development Fhameka Lewis February 10, 2015 Argosy University Single Moms Single moms face a challenge within their lives. Some mothers become single through divorce and while others become single outside of wedlock. However, there is no set age for a single mom. Statics states that most females become single moms before they finish high school and is receiving some type of government assistance for help. The average single mom has either dropped out of school or working a minimum paying job. Because of the high cost of living rate it is impossible for these single moms to provide a healthy life for their children. Therefore the Department of Human Service is stepping up to the platform to help these moms seek better jobs and receive a better education. The Jefferson County Department of Human Services will be offering a variety of workshops for all single moms in the surrounding communities. The workshop is called Single Moms Taking Control, and will be on Thursday June 3, 2015 during the hours of 9:00 a.m. until 2:00 p.m. The purpose of the workshop will be to provide guidance and resources for all the single moms who which to go back to school to receive their GED or for those who which to obtain a degree in higher education. The workshops will also help the moms with resources to maintaining a healthy relationship with their family. Also throughout the workshops there will be venders there...
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...Dominican immigrants are part of the changing demographics in Harlem. In Canarsie, the possible migration of blacks into a working/middle-class neighborhood prompts conservative backlash from a traditionally liberal community. In Streetwise, the migration of yuppies as a result of gentrification, and the movement of nearby-ghetto blacks into these urban renewal sites also invoke fear of crime and neighborhood devaluation among the gentrifying community. Not only is migration a common thread, but the persistence of poverty, despite the current economic boom, is the cornerstone of all these works. Poverty, complicated by the dynamics of race in America, call for universalistic policy strategies, some of which are articulated in Poor Support and The War Against the Poor. In When Work Disappears, William Julius Wilson builds upon many of the insights he introduced in The Truly Disadvantaged, such as the rampant joblessness, social isolation, and lack of marriageable males that characterized many urban ghetto neighborhoods. In the class discussion, Professor Wilson argues that it is necessary to disassociate unemployment with joblessness, as the former only measures those still seeking jobs while the latter encompasses those who may have dropped out of the labor market. Also, by focusing on neighborhood-level poverty, he highlights...
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...Child Welfare System Article BSHS/302 October 8, 2012 Joe Spalding Child Welfare System Article This article examines the characteristics of child welfare caseworkers, their views of the child welfare system, their clients, their agency of employment, and child welfare policies, and whether these views vary according to caseworkers' characteristics. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze in-depth interviews conducted with caseworkers in New York and Chicago. The major themes that emerged from the analysis indicate caseworkers believed that the child welfare system does not meet the needs of the children in care, lacks the resources to appropriately serve clients, and often establishes goals that cannot be attained by the biological parents. Caseworkers held negative views of the biological parents and, although most described their organization as well equipped, almost as many reported that their organization lacked technical, administrative, and personnel resources. Caseworkers' views of child welfare policies emphasized the need for reforming the system and reevaluating funding priorities.( Zell, M. C. (2006). Child welfare workers: Who they are and how they view the child welfare system. Child Welfare, 85(1), 83-103.) Response This article shows results among two cities Chicago and New York on the child welfare system. The results for the article show the interest of the case workers and how they can affect the individual they serve as clients...
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...Poverty Poverty would be defined as the state of being extremely poor, having little or no money, goods; or means of support and it gets to a stage where you can no more provide for the necessities in your life. Poverty is caused by a number of factors; such provide as; political instability, debt, discrimination & social inequality… Inequality There are many different types of inequality such being; income inequality, gender inequality, but a broad outline of what inequality is, is that it’s a condition of being unequal towards someone or a group of people. Example would be a male and female working the same job and same amount of hours and the one getting paid more than the other due to circumstances such as discrimination and prejudice...
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...Helping the Poor Helping the Poor Friendly visiting, dole charities and dole queues Robert Whelan based on research by Barendina Smedley Civitas: Institute for the Study of Civil Society London First published October 2001 © The Institute for the Study of Civil Society 2001 The Mezzanine, Elizabeth House 39 York Road, London SE1 7NQ email: books@civitas.org.uk All rights reserved ISBN 1-903 386-16-0 Typeset by Civitas in New Century Schoolbook Printed in Great Britain by St Edmundsbury Press Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk Contents Acknowledgements Authors vi viii Introduction: Hand-outs and Leg-ups Section 1: The Visiting Charity The Charity Organisation Society 1. The Organisation of Charity 2. Preaching the ‘Gospel of Social Reform’ in West London 3. The Fulham and Hammersmith Committee and Its Cases Section 2: The Dole Charity The Mansion House Fund 4. From West End to East End 5. Lord Mayor Aid 6. The Aftermath 7. Moralities and Mathematics Appendices Appendix 1 Applications for Relief Received by the Fulham and Hammersmith District Committee of the COS, November 1879 - October 1880 Appendix 2 The 27 Extant Fulham and Hammersmith Casebooks Appendix 3 The Charity Organisation Society by Miss Octavia Hill Notes Index 1 9 24 39 51 59 85 90 99 137 164 166 182 v Acknowledgements This book has been made possible by a generous grant from the Wincott Foundation. The author would like to express his thanks to the trustees. The research...
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...The poor relief of 1601 was an act of the Parliament of England. It created a National poor law system for England and Wales, which is commonly known as the Law that made the individual parishes responsible for poor law legislation. It drew together a collection of laws from between 16th and 18th centuries which included an improvement of the ‘Act for the relief of the Poor 1597’ that founded ‘overseers of the poor’ (May, 1995). The 1601 act was responsible for introducing a less barbaric approach, which was prevalent under the Tudor system and its main focus was to help as oppose to punish beggars and vagabonds (Slack,1990). The two forms of relief for the poor was either indoor relief meaning inside a workhouse or outdoor relief (outside a workhouse), this was the most common form of relief as the cost of building different workhouse were extremely expensive. A huge majority of relief came in the form of food and distribution of money during this period (Slack,1990). The ‘Deserving’ and ‘undeserving poor’ were ways of defining whether a person was accepted of the poor relief. The idle poor were identified as those avoiding work, the law wanted to warrant that these people were punished, although branding and whipping was abolished once the 1601 poor law was introduced as it was seen as barbaric and a more humane approach was maintained (Quigley,1996). They were still forced into work, much often forced to work long hours in the workhouses. The impotent poor were genuinely...
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...discussions of the poor laws were written in England during his stay there for 18 years. During this period there was heated discussion and condemnation of the poor laws in England. Franklin was a scholar with keen interest in economics, and political discourse and was easily drawn in the discussion. In 1766 he was upfront in questioning the poor laws, and advocating outright repeal. He made it clear that he was for helping the poor. His point of contention was the means to support them. Franklin was making the case, that the poor can workout of poverty. He believed what was needed was providing them jobs, leadership and motivation for them to work. He earlier mentioned that perhaps the order of God and nature of wants and miseries is about leading or driving...
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