...Supplemental In-Depth Integrative Case Nokia Targets the Base of the Pyramid One of the most widely used clichés in the world of business is the so-called 80/20 rule. In the realm of sales, the rule is sometimes interpreted as “80 percent of our sales come from 20 percent of our customers.”1 One recent business theory that has challenged this rule is the so called BOP or Bottom of the Pyramid perspective, developed and popularized by C.K. Prahalad.2 It refers to the around 4 billion people at the bottom of the economic pyramid with a purchasing power of US$2,000 per year or less. Prahalad and colleagues have proposed that these low-income consumers represent great potential but require a unique mix of pricing, promotion, low cost delivery, and effective communication in order to successfully reach.3 The key to selling to BOP consumers is that an MNC strategy be affordable, accessible, and socially driven. Nokia is one company that is taking this perspective seriously. Business interest in BOP markets is rising. Multinational companies have been leaders in this trend, especially in food and consumer products. And large national companies have also taken a leadership role, proving to be among the most innovative in meeting the needs of BOP consumers and producers, especially in such sectors as housing, agriculture, consumer goods, and financial services. And small start-ups and social entrepreneurs focusing on BOP markets are rapidly growing in number. But perhaps the strongest...
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...Supplemental In-Depth Integrative Case Nokia Targets the Base of the Pyramid One of the most widely used clichés in the world of business is the so-called 80/20 rule. In the realm of sales, the rule is sometimes interpreted as “80 percent of our sales come from 20 percent of our customers.”1 One recent business theory that has challenged this rule is the so called BOP or Bottom of the Pyramid perspective, developed and popularized by C.K. Prahalad.2 It refers to the around 4 billion people at the bottom of the economic pyramid with a purchasing power of US$2,000 per year or less. Prahalad and colleagues have proposed that these low-income consumers represent great potential but require a unique mix of pricing, promotion, low cost delivery, and effective communication in order to successfully reach.3 The key to selling to BOP consumers is that an MNC strategy be affordable, accessible, and socially driven. Nokia is one company that is taking this perspective seriously. Business interest in BOP markets is rising. Multinational companies have been leaders in this trend, especially in food and consumer products. And large national companies have also taken a leadership role, proving to be among the most innovative in meeting the needs of BOP consumers and producers, especially in such sectors as housing, agriculture, consumer goods, and financial services. And small start-ups and social entrepreneurs focusing on BOP markets are rapidly growing in number. But perhaps the strongest...
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...went, it was common to see foreigners assimilated into the work environment. Many had brought over their spouses and children to live in the country, even if their stay was meant to be temporary only. In fact diversity, even in subtle ways, was the hallmark of my time spent at an office in Delhi. It was common for all the team members, including the management, to sit around one table at lunch time. The team included people from different religious backgrounds and a range of dietary restrictions was in place. However, people could casually joke about these differences without offending anyone in a manner that I have not yet experienced in my own country. My sense is that the regulatory environment in India is more stringent than that of Pakistan. Taxation and capital controls are taken more seriously at the corporate level as finance departments endeavour to keep their reporting accurate and up to date. The...
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................................ 7 Chapter 2: Geographical Skills ........................................... 11 Chapter 3: Our Earth ......................................................... 15 Chapter 4: Atmosphere and weather ................................. 19 Chapter 5: Our World—the main features of the Earth’s surface ................................................. 25 Chapter 6: Asia—our region of the world .......................... 29 Chapter 7: Pakistan—our homeland.................................. 34 Chapter 8: Pakistan—economic activities ......................... 40 Introduction to the series Explore is a new, up-to-date geography series for secondary classes 6–8. The series covers all the geographical topics and learning competencies from the Pakistan National Curriculum for Geography. Guided by the structure of the Curriculum, from Book 1 to Book 3 the focus gradually switches from local (including the geography of Pakistan) to global (world issues such as forest clearances, population and big city growth, and globalization). However, this is done not by simply following the exact sequence of the written curriculum, but by identifying and developing particular topics and themes in context with the world around us, in order to make the learning process more student-friendly and relevant. Explore consists of three components: the Students’ Books, Workbooks, and the Teachers’ Guides. Together, the three books and their components provide a...
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...Cell Phones and Globalization | By The Globalist The spread of cell phones has ushered in a new age of convenience for billions of people around the world. Developing countries, in particular, are benefiting from a wireless revolution that is connecting people in far-flung towns and villages — many for the first time. | | How many cell phones are there in the world today? Around the world, there are more than 2.4 billion cell phone users — and more than 1,000 new customers are added every minute (as of July 2006). (Washington Post) | Text messaging generated $49.4 billion in revenues for cell phone companies worldwide in 2005 — and is expected to yield $76.5 billion by 2010. (Pyramid Research) | | | What is the outlook? By the end of 2007, there are projected to be three billion mobile phone subscribers. (Nokia) What is remarkable about the mobile phone phenomenon? With 59% of users in developing countries, cell phones are the first telecommunications technology in history to have more users there than in the developed world. (Washington Post) What do people in the developing world stand to gain economically? An extra ten mobile phones per 100 people in a typical developing country leads to an additional 0.44 percentage points of growth in GDP per person. (London Business School) How quickly did cell phones take off? Back in 1980, the number of cell phones in the world was a mere 11.2 million — or just two cell phones per 1,000 people. (Federal...
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...Introduction As emerging economies experience growth, they are encountering new challenges in making economic development equitable and sustainable. Increasingly, bringing all parts of society up to minimum standards of living is becoming an issue of social responsibility and political requirement in emerging economies through social security programs. However, emerging economies are facing many constraints in implementing widespread social security programs to affect equality, poverty alleviation, and income security. When considering Social Security for emerging economies, there are two central issues that must be addressed; can emerging economies sustain viable social security systems, and is social security vital to the development of emerging economies. To understand these issues, and possible solutions, it is useful to look towards the established models found in Europe for answers. Social Security To analyze the issue at hand, we must first understand the definition of social security, as the benefits offered by the State and society differ from country to country. For example, Social Security is a narrowly defined program in the United States, which offers supplemental income to those of retirement age at 65 and older. However, in Europe, social security encompasses a slate of programs that provide cash transfers and benefits for the aged, unemployed, ill, and poor. These programs are often manifested in the form of pensions, unemployment benefits, and in many...
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...death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system. This is typically demonstrated through a demographic transition theory. The theory is based on an interpretation of demography history developed in 1929 by the American demographer Warren Thompson (1887–1973) Thompson observed changes, or transitions, in birth and death rates in industrialized societies over the previous 200 years. Most developed countries are in stage 3 or 4 of the model; the majority of developing countries have reached stage 2 or stage 3. The major (relative) exceptions are some poor countries, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa and some Middle Eastern countries, which are poor or affected by government policy or civil strife, notably Pakistan Palestinian territories Yemen and Afghanistan .Adolph Landry of France made similar observations on demographic patterns and...
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...Year | CATEGORIES/ Other Awards | Winner/Merit Awardee | Awardees | Name of Project | Country | 2003 | Environmental Excellence | Winner | Nestle Philippines | Greening The Supply Chain | Philippines | | | Merit Awardee | Unilever Indonesia | The Sustainable Clean Brantas River Program | Indonesia | | | Merit Awardee | Mass Transit Railway Corporation | Sustainability Report 2001 & 2002 | Hong Kong | | Support & Improvement of Education | Winner | Tat Consultancy Services | Adult Literacy Program | India | | | Merit Awardee | Coca Cola Foundation, Inc. | Creative Writing Workshop on Children’s Books | Philippines | | | Merit Awardee | Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank Corp. Phils. (HSBC) | Model of Excellence School in Esteban Abada | Philippines | | Best CSR Policies | Winner | Union Cement Corporation | Union Social Development and Management Program | Philippines | | | Merit Awardee | Unocal Thailand | The Social Responsibility Ambassadors Program | Thailand | | | Merit Awardee | Central Azucarera Don Pedro | The Community Development Program | Philippines | | Poverty Alleviation | Winner | Hindalco Industries | Integrated Rural Poverty Alleviation Program | India | | | Merit Awardee | Allen & Overy | Supporting “Helpers from Domestic Helpers” | Hong Kong | | | Merit Awardee | Seylan Bank | Comprehensive Microfinance for Micro-sector Empowerment | Sri Lank | | Special Achievement Award | Winner | Philippine Business...
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...[pic] [pic] INTRODUCTION The problems and issues that confront society today are too large and complex to be solved by government and NGOs alone. Sustainable solutions to society’s problems can only be found through the collaboration and involvement of all who are part of it. Companies have tremendous strengths; they have extremely capable people, technology, access to money, the ability of geographical reach, etc. Many companies worldwide and now even in Pakistan are more powerful than governments and even countries, and thus corporate are important stakeholders in society. Our objective of the research is analysis of Pakistan’s major telecom companies to explore and understand the role that telecom corporate are playing and can play in finding meaningful solutions to the problems facing Pakistan today. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: The general objective of our study is to identify how CSR is being understood and implemented in the Company’s business strategies with in the telecom industry of Pakistan. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: This research study is intended to answer the following questions: • Are the firms aware of CSR dynamics? • Do they consider CSR concept relevant to their own enterprise? • Are companies and firms interested in CSR topic? What...
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...The Packaged Milk Industry Marketing Essay Introduction According to Dairy Index 2012, Pakistan is the third largest milk producing and consuming country in the world with 64 percent of the country’s population classified as “Deeper in the Pyramid’ (DIP), which represents 60 percent of LDP consumption. The livestock sector alone contributes 11% of the country’s GDP, with an estimated 42 billion litres of milk produced per annum. The total revenue from these dairy products is estimated as US$ 26 billion per annum. As per the Economic Survey of Pakistan 2009, Pakistan has a herd size of around 63 million animals, which is the 3rd largest in the world. About 35 million people are involved in dairy farming, deriving more than 40% of their total income from livestock. For these farmers, dairy animals provide milk for domestic consumption as well as meagre income through the sale of milk. In rural Pakistani culture livestock is a storer of wealth. It is viewed as important social capital and offers insurance to the owner in times of financial distress. Pakistan lacks the essential infrastructure that is needed for safe storage and transportation of farm produce. According to the Livestock and Dairy Development Board, 20 percent of the current milk production is lost due to poor infrastructure. Poor research facilities, technological backwardness and lack of processing facilities have resulted in generating fewer jobs and adding virtually no value to its agriculture produce. Of all...
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...PROJECT ON COUNTRY BRANDING: BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVE SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY SUBMITTED TO: ISHTIAQUE ARIF ASSISTANT PROFESSOR SOUTHEST UNIVERSITY SUBMITTED BY: NAME | ID | MD.AMRAN AHAMMED BHUIYAN | 2008110000092 | MD.ABDULLAH AL-MASUD | 2008110000106 | A,K,M JAHANGIR KABIR | 2008110000074 | MD.MISKET HOSSAIN | 2008110000099 | BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY As a student of introduction to Branding (MKT-4164) we have conducted a report on country branding. This report is based on branding Bangladesh. We have tried to give our maximum afford to complete this task. We focus our report including the most beautiful place in Bangladesh & historical place of Bangladesh. We made the main focusing point of branding Bangladesh is “beautiful Bangladesh”. INTRODUCTION A brand is the identity of a specific product, service, or business that can take many forms, including a name, sign, symbol, colour combination or slogan. The brand is the personality that identifies a product, service or company. Some people distinguish the psychological aspect, brand associations like thoughts, feelings, perceptions, images, experiences, beliefs, attitudes, and so on that become linked to the brand. Branding Bangladesh as "Beautiful Bangladesh". We like to see our country as a popular tourist destination, but definitely not at the cost of making compromise...
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...clothing choices designed based on international apparel tastes. In Brazil, Zara has 28 stores out of which 9 are in São Paulo. About 80% of Zara’s clothing is produced in the perimeter of Spain and its headquarters. 2. Lojas Renner is a Brazilian clothing and apparel department store chain that operates with 129 stores in 17 states of Brazil and 18 stores in the city if São Paulo. The target customer segment for Lojas Renner is women between 18 and 39 years old. Their stores are always located in strategic points where there is a great flow of the public such as shopping malls. They focus to compete with local, national and international retailers in offering fashionable products. About 6% of the clothing sold is imported from China, Pakistan, India, Argentina and Uruguay. Lojas Renner has three distribution centers in Brazil; one in Palhoça (Santa Catarina), another in São Bernardo do Campo (Grande São Paulo) and another in Jaboatão dos Guararapes (Pernambuco). The transportation is done by road to the different stores. 3. C&A is an international clothing and apparel chain which is considered to be the biggest department store chain in Brazil. They offer clothing and apparel for men, women and children. The company operates 170 stores in more than 60 cities throughout the country and 23 in São Paulo. During the last decade, C&A has focused on fashion and has strived to establish its brand as a fashion brand in Brazil. To do so, they have established...
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...Decentralization and Devolution: Educational Implications of the Praetorian Interpretation By Baela Raza Jamil Idara-e-Taleem-o-Aagahi Public Trust September 2002 Decentralization and Devolution: Educational Implications of the Praetorian Interpretation Pakistan has a diverse ethnic population of 142 million people, with 32.2 percent people living below the poverty line (I-PRSP, 2001). It is a federation with four provinces and four federally administered territories[1]. For three decades the country experienced a process of increasing centralization in decision-making, resource management and service delivery. During that period, governments were set up under Islamic Socialism, martial law, experiments with democracy by eight governments, and another military take over. Democratic institutions and service delivery eroded at each reconstruction of the state. To offset poor governance, a process of devolution has been initiated through establishment of local governments across Pakistan. The principle of inclusion through political decentralization was meant to provide institutional entitlements for voice and action. Direct elections were held at the union council level (encompassing a population of 25,000, covering 5-7 villages or more settlements) in 2000 for 21 representatives. As the result of a countywide mobilization drive thirty-three percent seats were reserved for women, an unprecedented accomplishment in Pakistan’s history. In addition, six seats...
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...Here are notes covering the several classes dealing with the culture, population & urbanization, and introduction to sociology. Not all these materials were covered in class and not all the materials covered in class are to be found in these notes. But you will find a generally close correspondence between class and readings in what follows. Be aware that these notes are not intended to replace reading the text. Also, these are “rough” notes. They were devised initially for my own use. They are not polished and stand open to correction. But I think you want them, so here they are. Dr V What is culture? A complex system of meaning and behavior that defines the way of life of a given group or society. Material and non-material Characteristics of culture: Shared Learned Taken for granted Symbolic (meaningful) Defining idea: transmission by non-biological means Distinctions(?) between human and animal cultures (language & tools). Elements of culture: Language: symbol systems. Does language shape culture? Norms: cultural expectations for how to behave in a given situation. Implicit vs. explicit; ideal vs. real. Folkways/mores/laws/taboos Social sanctions Ethnomethodology and the study of norms. Beliefs. Values: Value-orientations Institutions. Cultural diversity: Dominant culture. Most support from major institutions. Function of power. Subcultures. Often develop as a result of exclusion from mainstream society and culture. Counter-cultures ...
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..."Early Stone Age," which is followed by the Neolithic Era, or New Stone Age, and the Agricultural Revolution (between 8000 and 5000 BCE) in the Fertile Crescent. The Neolithic Revolution marked a change in human history, as humans began the systematic husbandry of plants and animals.[3][4][5] Agriculture advanced, and most humans transitioned from a nomadic to a settled lifestyle as farmers in permanent settlements. Nomadism continued in some locations, especially in isolated regions with few domesticable plant species;[6] but the relative security and increased productivity provided by farming allowed human communities to expand into increasingly larger units, fostered by advances in transportation. World population[7] from 10,000 BCE to 2,000 CE. The vertical (population) scale is logarithmic. As farming developed, grain agriculture became more sophisticated and prompted a division of labor to store food between growing seasons. Labor divisions then led to the rise of a leisured upper class and the development of cities. The growing complexity of human societies necessitated systems of writing and accounting.[8] Many cities developed on the banks of lakes and rivers; as early as 3000 BCE some of the first prominent, well-developed settlements had arisen in Mesopotamia,[9] on the banks of Egypt's River Nile,[10][11][12] and in the Indus River valley.[13][14][15]...
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