...The United States is experiencing a huge increase in the number of seniors, as well as increased levels of care and needed assistance. In 2010, seniors, age 65 and older, comprised approximately 13% of the U.S. population at 40.3 million. It is projected, that by 2050, that number will grow to 20.9%.1 Several factors are contributing to the increase in the elderly population, including that people are living longer and the baby boomer generation, one of the largest, is starting to enter into their 60’s. Although there is no age cut off or recommendation, there are guidelines on when to stop driving. People are now living an average of 7 to 10 years beyond their ability to drive safely.2 Despite having numerous transportation options, from public busses, trains, taxis, there exists a gap in the market for reliable and affordable transportation for the elderly population who can no longer drive, or chooses not to. Currently, the only widespread ride options are transport vans, which are expensive unless there is merited and documented need, such as for the severely dependent. Some senior living complexes offer shuttles to grocery stores, but there is a lack of dependable day to day transportation offerings. Therefore this population usually relies heavily on family members support, with an estimated 35% dependency rate.3 What we propose is a driving service specifically for seniors that provide affordable services, along with an arm to lean on as they go from door to door...
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...Reproduction, Migration & Population Size Genetic diversity is scientific term that is used to describe genetic differences. Genetic differences can be caused by a number of things. Mutations, Sexual reproduction, Migration and Population size all affect how diverse genetics can be. Mutation causes many variations in any known species; they introduce new genetic information into a population by modifying the alleles that are already present or ones that have been absent. All different alleles of a trait came from some kind of mutation in the past. Most people when thinking of a mutation expect some obvious type of deformity or cancer; however mutations can be either neutral or harmful. Mutations can have no effect at all as with neutral ones, or stop the gene from functioning completely hence causing a harmful one. Sexual reproduction creates new genetic combinations as each parent passes on 13 chromosomes to the child during fertilization. It’s the process of recombination of cells from both parents. Migration of individuals is an important factor in passing on or subtracting alleles from one local population to another. Whenever one human being leaves one population and enters another, it subtracts its genetic information from its own and joins the one it has entered. As persons continue to add to and leave the population the gene pool will continue to change. Population size is affected by all of the above. Simply put the smaller the population the less room there will...
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...Assignment Population Dishan Mariarasa (4655834) Concordia University Term Assignment The evolution of humans has both positively and negatively contributed to an ever so changing environment. Understanding and educating ourselves about these events has become relatively important. In the world scale there are some indicators that must be used to understand a country’s positions and the world environment. A few of these measures will be discussed below. The level of income, population, and ecological footprint are some of the key factors that influence how the environment and resources are used up. Each of these element are related in one form or the other. For example, If income level of a country is high then in most cases the territory has a low population level and high ecological footprint. This can be vice versa for any of these indicators. One or two of these elements have a stronger impact on the worlds environment then the others. In my view I feel that population can be a major player in environmental health and sustainability. Population is a stronger impact on the environment health and sustainability compared to income. Population has been factor threw out history, beginning with the exploration by countries like England. As the need for new resources became a necessity the world map has been revealed and the population growth has lead to discovering new land and resources. With the world discovered is there any more room for the growing population. The future...
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...developed. The Industrialized country selected is Germany and the advanced developing country selected is China. The discussion will focus on the countries’ origin, geography, population, government cultural groups and economy. GERMANY According to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2012), Germany is Europe’s leading economy and second largest populated country. Germany is well known for its technological, educational achievements and economic productivity being the world’s highest; the country has produced some of Europe’s most celebrated philosophers, poets and composers (U.S. Department of State, 2012). Origin German- speaking regions in Europe were split into several hundred empires, duchies, principalities, fiefdoms, bishoprics, and self-governing cities and towns (U.S. Department of State, 2012). Germany did not exist until 1871 (U.S. Department of State, 2012). Goethe and Schiller the two of the most Germany’s famous writers recognized through poetic lament the central feature of most Germany’s history (U.S. Department of State, 2012). In 1945, the US, UK, Soviet Union and France occupied Germany after two overwhelming World Wars (Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 2012). In 1949 two Germany states were formed western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR) (CIA, 2012). Finally, the German Democratic and the Federal Republic of Germany unified in 1990 to form the Germany federal Republic (U.S. Department State 2012). Geographic...
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...among these variables. Birth control has an input in the rate of population growth. The level of population in the world or in a country seems to impact on economic growth and the level of the standard of living f the people. Let us look at the question of the relationship between family planning and population growth. The more the people practice family planning the more likely that the population will stabilize in the long run. The population may also grow at a decreased rate. There is no question on the fact that family planning has assisted in controlling the rate of population growth the world over. In most countries, where family planning has been practiced the rate of population growth is lower than in countries where the issue of family planning is not wide spread. In most developed countries where family planning is practiced at a larger scale, the rate of population growth is lower than in some developing countries where there is little family planning. Let us shift attention to the relationship between population growth and economic development. Some economists have found a relationship between the rate of population growth and economic growth. They have established that countries with low rate of population growth have realized a better rate of economic growth. The most cited example is that of China. China introduced the one child policy in 1979. That assisted in reducing the rate of population expansion. Now, years later, China has grown into an economic powerhouse...
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...among these variables. Birth control has an input in the rate of population growth. The level of population in the world or in a country seems to impact on economic growth and the level of the standard of living f the people. Let us look at the question of the relationship between family planning and population growth. The more the people practice family planning the more likely that the population will stabilize in the long run. The population may also grow at a decreased rate. There is no question on the fact that family planning has assisted in controlling the rate of population growth the world over. In most countries, where family planning has been practiced the rate of population growth is lower than in countries where the issue of family planning is not wide spread. In most developed countries where family planning is practiced at a larger scale, the rate of population growth is lower than in some developing countries where there is little family planning. Let us shift attention to the relationship between population growth and economic development. Some economists have found a relationship between the rate of population growth and economic growth. They have established that countries with low rate of population growth have realized a better rate of economic growth. The most cited example is that of China. China introduced the one child policy in 1979. That assisted in reducing the rate of population expansion. Now, years later, China has grown into an economic powerhouse...
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...Assess the causes and consequences for changes in the UK population This essay will assess the causes and consequences for changes in the UK population, one cause of this is the decline in the death rate which will be looked at in this essay. Another cause of changes in the population, that will be assessed in this essay, is migration and the patterns of it that have a large impact on the characteristics of a country's population. Many sociologists have studied these topics and some that will be looked at in this essay are Thomas McKeown (1972), N.L Tranter (1996) and many more. The first topic to be assessed in this essay is the death rate in the UK, the death rate is currently declining in the UK and there are several reasons for this decline. According to N.L Tranter (1996), over three quarters of the decline in the death rate from 1850 to 1970 was due to a fall in the number of deaths from infectious diseases. Since deaths from infectious disease were commonest amongst the younger generations, it is not surprising that most of the decline in the death rate came from infants, children and young adults. This decrease in the death rate is part of what has led to a growing population in the UK. However, this is not the only reason for a decline in the death rate leading to an increase in the population in the UK. Thomas McKeown (1972) also points out that improved nutrition is also part of what has led to a decreasing death rate, he believes it is accountable for up to...
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...effects of changes in the family size over the past 100 years Over the past century or so there have been various changes to family size in UK due to many reasons. Geographical factors such as immigration and emigration has widely affected the family size in the UK. Statistics show that between 1994 and 2004 immigration rose from 314 to 582,000 annually. However there have also been many social factors involved in the increase of family size over the past century which will be examined below. One of the main reasons of changes in family size is ageism. The average life expectancy of a person has increased by about 2 years per decade as males born in 1900 in England were expected to live to about 50 whereas males born in England in 2003-2005 are expected to live to about 76.9 years old. The average age of the UK population is rising, in 1971 it stood at 34.1 but by 2007 it climbed to 42.6. This is end means that there are fewer young people and the elderly are living longer. Reasons such as medical and health improvements have contributed to the elderly now being able to live for longer. After the establishment of the NHS in 1949 there was a widespread of better health and nutrition, medical knowledge and better sanitation. Thomas McKeown argues that improved nutrition accounted up to half the reduction in death rates thus increasing family size as fewer deaths occurred. Also the decline in infant mortality has contributed towards the ageing population as fewer young people are dying...
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...Human Population and the Environment SCI/275 12/22/2013 Urbanization is the movement of people from rural areas, such as country sides, to urban areas, such as cities. Cities like Los Angeles did not come to be the way it is simply overnight of course, urbanization is also the transformation of rural areas into urban ones. According to the text book, “When Europeans first settled in North America, the majority of the population consisted of farmers in rural areas. Today, approximately 79 percent of the U.S. population lives in cities” (Berg, Ch. 7.5). One more important distinction between rural and urban areas isn't how many people live there but how people make a living. Most people residing in rural areas have jobs involving harvesting natural resources—such as fishing, logging, and farming. In urban areas, most people have jobs that are sites of industry, economic development, and educational and cultural opportunities. There are factors that produce urbanization. The four major factors that affect population are the death rate of the people versus the birth rate of the people in that urban population and the immigration rate (people coming in), versus the emigration rate (people going out). These factors determine the rate of the population decline or growth. If the birth rate and immigration rate is larger than the death and emigration rate the population will grow exponentially. If the death rate and the emigration rate is larger than the birth and immigration rate...
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...What is Demography? Demography is the scientific study of human population, including its size, distribution, composition, and the factors that determine changes in its size, distribution, and composition. Objects: Dynamic VS Static Demographic Focuses 1. Size: the number of population in a given areas at a given time. 2. Distribution: population dispersion in geographic space at a given time. 3. Composition: the number of person in sex, age, and other “demographic” categories. 4. Population dynamics: birth, death, and migration. 5. Socioeconomic determinants and consequences of population change --- Population Study. Population Characteristics Population has three compositions (in terms of static): natural composition: by age and sex spatial composition: by province and by urban-rural areas social composition: by marital status, educational status, nationalities, working status, etc. Accordingly, population has three changes (in terms of dynamics): natural change: birth and death migration change: emigration and immigration social change: marriage and divorce, enrollment and drop out Population dynamics affects the population composition. Population composition can be expressed at a point of time, which was called time-point index; Population change can be expressed within duration of time, which was called period index. The Feature of Demography Demography is rarely found as an independent academic...
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...Figure 1 shows the basic total attendance and membership breakdown for the various weekly attendee groupings of the Illinois Great Rivers Annual Conference. On average, each weekly attendance group has 5,387 attendees. Furthermore, the red bar and blue bar combined represents the total membership per size category. For example, there are 5,882 total weekly attendees and 7,630 members attributed to all churches that fall within Group 750+. The largest section of membership is captured in churches with fewer than 30 weekly attendees with 24% of the conference’s total membership. Additionally, Illinois Great Rivers churches with more than 400 weekly attendees make up 13% of total conference membership. Please note that churches with more than 750 weekly attendees have the highest attendee-to-member ratio in the conference. Furthermore, the graph shows each group attendee-to-member ratios. The conference averages well above the UMC average at 46%. Group 750+ has a ratio of 77% and Group 400-749 has a...
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...Human Population Growth Concerns about Human Population Growth Population growth in India has grown significantly. According to Nova, “ In 1953, India was the first country in the world to launch a mass media campaign to spread the concept of family planning in response to population growth.” This step was aimed at an attempt to control and make the population understand the importance of not over populating as there was a significant rise in the population. Relationship between Population Growth and Environmental Impact As the population grows more and more, it impacts the environment with pollution such as garbage, waste and gases, the over use of resources, the constant use of farm land which takes nutrient out the soil, polluted water. These factors make the people of India prone to many diseases and sometimes fatality occurs as these factors are a result of population growth. How the human population is changing The human population in India is dramatically changing. According to About.Geography.com, “With 1.21 billion people, India is currently the world’s second largest country… Experts expect India to surpass the population of China, currently the most populous country in the world, by 2010.” So from this information, we can see that the human population is greatly increasing in India and over populating is and will pose very serious repercussions. How the society develops as the human population growth increases With a huge population, the society...
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...results from the changing patterns of death and birth rates, or the Mortality and Fertility transitions. Whilst the process of demographic transition is mainly complete in many developed countries, it is definitely still under way in most developing countries, where, while they are experiencing falling mortality rates, there are still also high fertility rates. This is the reason for high population growth in developing countries in recent years. In this essay I am going to outline the causes of mortality and fertility transition in order to explain the driving forces behind demographic transition. I will then discuss the effects of this transition on economic growth. The mortality transition has seen a remarkable reduction in mortality rates over recent centuries. Life expectancy has grown enormously, in both developed and developing countries. For example, India’s life expectancy at birth in 1930 was 26.9 years and 55.6 years in 1980. This seems to have been caused by three main factors. Firstly, rising incomes have led to increases in the quality and quantity of food consumed and so populations are better nourished and live longer on average. Secondly, better sanitation, modern sewage and improved water purification and supply systems have led to less diseases like cholera. Lastly, improvements in medical care and medical treatments has meant that many diseases that were once fatal are no longer. In figure 2.23 we can see how infant mortality rates have fallen sine 1960. Interestingly...
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...Abstract The impact of poverty on individual patient is wide and far reaching; Medicaid program, the government funded and administered program that provides health care for these individuals have had to cut down on the types of covered services and the frequency for some services for the beneficiaries. As a result, cases of dire medical needs going unmet are, sadly no less common these days. Poverty status is determined by comparing total annual income to a set of dollar values called thresholds that vary by family size, number of related children, and age of householder. If a family’s before tax money income is less than the dollar value of their thresholds, then that family and every individual in it are considered to be in poverty. For people not living in families, poverty status is determined by comparing the individual’s total income to his or her threshold (U.S. Census Bureau). The poverty thresholds are updated annually to allow for changes in the cost of living using the Consumer Price Index (CPI-U). They do not vary geographically. SAIPE’s dependent variable is the estimates of poverty from the American Community Survey (ACS), a continuous survey with people responding throughout the year. Since income is reported for the previous 12 months, the appropriate poverty threshold for each family is determined by multiplying the base-year poverty threshold (1982) by the average of monthly CPI values for the 12 months preceding...
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...process by which a nation/country moves from high birth rate and high death rates to low birth and low death rates as the growth population in the interim (Weeks, 2005). Some of the nations that have gone through this transitions are; Canada, Germany, United States and England. The demographic transition to an industrialized society is harmful to the environment. Industrialized countries also have the largest ecological and carbon footprint comparative to developing/non-industrialized nations. Nevertheless, demographic transitions have some notable advantages. Countries that have gone through demographic transitions have low birth and death rates. Citizens in industrialized nations have fewer children thus it is easier to control the population size (Dyson, 2010). The following is the demographic and environmental timeline of Germany between 1800 to date. STAGE YEAR SITUATION IN THE COUNTRY Stage 1 1800 Major Historical Changes: The country is resisting Napoleon, who wants to take control of Germany and cities such as Austria. Prussia provides military education to its military before it defeats Austria and France in the war. The country is under Ottoman Bismarck who improves it by introducing Liberal measures and welfare policies such as insurance for workers against illness and accidents. Changing Population Size: There is a decrease in population due to such wars between Napoleon and other cities, Prussia and France, Prussia and Austria. Birth and Death Rates: There higher...
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