...there was a social movement against the pornography industry in Canada. Religious and Feminist groups were concerned about the harmful effects regarding the danger and degradation of women. The opposition to this movement was that pornography was a freedom of expression and sexual orientation. This brought about many political debates and controversies about what is ethically right and what is a personal freedom. This created many problems for the Canadian government on how to legislate pornography and up hold the Common Rights of Canada. First Legislation on Obscenity and Criminal Law In 1959 the Canadian government passed the first law regarding obscenity after a social movement by feminist groups. The Canadian law stated "For the purpose of the Act, any publication of a dominant characteristic of which is the undue exploitation of sex, and any one or more of the following subjects, namely, crime, horror, cruelty and violence shall be deemed obscene." The addition of this law did not settle the conflict between Liberals and Conservatives over the value of pornography and sex itself. Everything was based around one question: Were representations of sex socially and morally dangerous or sexually liberating? Feminist Movement During the 1980's another Feminist movement began because they felt the current law didn't do anything to protect women and it didn't criminalize pornography in any way. Feminist groups argued that pornography oppressed women and it would influence...
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...Pornography & Its Ethical Issues SOC 120 Introduction to Ethics & Social Responsibility February 3, 2014 Many argue that pornography is degrading, and believed that it denigrates women and in some cases even men. Feminists argue that it’s harmful to society promoting rape, violence, and sex discrimination. Pornography is often seen by others as an erotic art that has been around for thousands of years. Technology today makes access to pornography very easy by video, text, and the internet. Pornography raises many moral questions, but mainly, are pornographic materials morally offensive or not? The ethical issues pertaining to pornography are abundant, considering protecting personal privacy, computer crimes, materialism and cultural expansionism. Anti-pornographic believe that it’s immoral and that pornography should be censor. Pro-pornographic, believe to be education and inspirational, and argue that by taking away the constitutional rights are begging violated. Even though there are many different opinions about pornography, does not seem to be an accurate definition. Some argue that porn is violent, portrays unequal power in sexual relations and showing that many of its acts are judged as immoral. What does pornography mean in the dictionary? Pornography stems from the Greek word porno, meaning prostitutes and the word graphos meaning writing. Pornography is defined to include the definition of actual sexual contact, meaning hard core, and portrayal...
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...Portrayal of Women in Rap and Music Videos :: 4 Works Cited Length: 1724 words (4.9 double-spaced pages) Rating: Blue Price: $24.95 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Misogyny and degradation of women is present in almost every genre of music, yet the one genre that completely revolves around demeaning women is rap. Over the years rap and rap music videos have continually become more sexual and degrading towards women. Rap has been criticized numerous times for this reason, and that is because rap is one of the most popular genres of music for the younger generations. It is more than a genre of music, it is a complete industry filled with clothing and other merchandise. The reason this constant demeaning of women exists is because rap as a genre that rewards the objectification of women. The excuses used to justify the misogyny in rap are incomplete and lack accurate support. The most effective way for this continuous cycle ends, is if the fight and protest comes from the women themselves. Men are the problem in the objectification of women but in order for it to stop, women need to step up and take control of the situation. Women need to act sooner rather than later because in recent years the rap industry has become more and more sexual. Ra... ... middle of paper ... ...Society 113 (2000): 255-69. JSTOR. 29 November 2009 . McLune, Jennifer. "Hip-Hop's Betrayal of Black Women." Perspective on Contemporary Issues. 5th...
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...Pornography Anquanette Steadham SOC 120: Introduction to Ethics & Social Responsibility Instructor Sheila Farr April 28, 2014 Pornography Ethical or Not? Feminism means I can take ownership of what I enjoy sexually and that sexuality does not have to determine anything about me. Feminism is not a one size fit all. (Alter, C. 2014) While feminist porn is ethically produced porn, which means performers are paid a fair wage and they are treated with care and respect; their consent, safety, and well-being are critical, and what they bring to a production is valued. Feminist porn explores ideas about desire, beauty, pleasure, and power through alternative representations, aesthetics, and filmmaking styles. Feminist porn seeks to empower the performers who make it and the people who watch it. (Taormino, T. 2013) In ethical porn, everything is safe and consent is part of the narrative, which enables viewers to watch whatever plays out guilt-free. ‘Ethical porn’ is used to describe the performers work, and ‘feminist porn’ is more specifically the kind of work. (Vasquez, T. 2012) Feminist have had a very complicated relationship with pornography, anti-porn activists often showcase the most violent or kinky porn that show images of women being degraded, humiliated, and beaten to show how mainstream pornography is. With this, mainstream pornography reinforces the idea that some forms of sex are unethical and non-consensual, leave the woman who enjoys rough sex...
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...searching for predators, predators that prey on our children. It’s a terrifying thought, but that’s what I do. A Pedophile is a person who is sexually attracted to children. You start in a simple chatroom, and a lie, and from there opens up a whole new world. I came into work as a 32 year old man, Steve, to imitate a 14 year old female, Stacie. It is believed that more than half a million pedophiles are online every day. Before the Internet, pedophiles physically had to go to parks, zoos, typical places children are interested in. Thanks to the popularity of the Internet, pedophiles have taken their victims from approximately one or two a day, to an unlimited number. The U.S. Department of Justice stated “one in five children (10 to 17 years old) receives unwanted sexual solicitations online.” In order to be considered a pedophile you must fit into certain categories, you must experience sexual fixation, fantasizing, or must have sexual activities with a preadolescent child for at least six months of the year. In order to be considered a pedophile, you have to be 16 years or older and the victim must be a minimum of five years younger. Pedophiles are broken down into three categories, a secretive pedophile, a child pornography collector, and an active file. The secretive pedophile may look completely normal, may even be married, have a few kids of their own, and could possibly never sexually assault a child. A child pornography collector is a person that gets sexual gratification from...
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...Ethical Pornography SOC 120: Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility Professor May 2, 2015 As a child you are told at a very young age that you can be anything and do anything that you want to do. Normal answers we would expect to hear from our children are I want to become a doctor, lawyer, veterinarian, football star, or maybe even a soldier. What we do not expect to come out any child’s mouth is that I want to be in the pornography business. It is not the norm of what a child wants to be when they grow up, nor is it something you dream about becoming as a child. Some people are forced into this business and yes while some choose to be in this business, you might want to question what made this your only choice? There are so many opinions on what pornography actually is and what it has become. Some people look at it as the most repulsive thing on the face of this earth while others view it as an art form, a simply way to express oneself. The question I pose is taking away legalities, religious points of views, and perceptions what do we have, I ask what moral issues does this cause? Many ethical arguments have been conducted over the years as to whether or not pornography in anyway is a moral boundary that has been crossed. Going into the different views of pornography poses both a debate within the communities dealing with Ethical relativism as well as Deontological Ethics. In regards to ethical relativism the simple definition of the term is that there are...
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...MUZZAMIL HUSSAIN I. Introduction: Pornography has been defined as any material that is sexually explicit but does not appear to be obscene and, which can be displayed through the Internet, adult movies, magazines and adult stores. Obscenity laws in Canada use the community standards models to determine which pornographic material are in accordance with societal morals, and which should be categorized as obscene. John Stuart Mill and the Harms of Pornography is an article written by David Dyzenhaus in 1992, professor of Law and Philosophy at the University of Toronto. In his article, he raises an interesting idea that liberalists and feminists would support the censorship of pornography (Dyzenhaus, 1992). The feminist viewpoint argues that pornography shows men forcing women into sex; therefore it should be censored because of the harm it causes against women. Dyzenhaus then hypothesizes that because pornography is portrayed as violent material, the classical liberalists such as John Stuart Mill would defend the feminists in censoring such behavior based on his harm principle. The article also raises gender inequality issues of contemporary society, one being the subordination of men to women. Three political philosophies are concerned with the law of obscenity: liberalism, conservatism and feminism. Conservative morality takes into consideration the elements of virtue or wickedness behind pornography and asks if the material in question poses threat to...
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...Is porn adultery? The notion that watching porn and fantasizing about other women leads to divorce and infidelity has been floating around for ages. The reason this debate has never been settled is because of the ambiguity between a person watching naked women and physically touching another woman that’s not your wife. I think porn has the potential to not only keep a marriage afloat but also strengthen it. A closer analysis into real life interviews with college students, porn statistics and a deep look into Ross Douthat’s essay on porn, it can be concluded that porn, in fact, isn’t a gateway drug to adultery. I was introduced to porn during my freshman year of high school. At the time, I was still attending T.A.S.O.K (The American School of Kinshasa), an extremely diverse private Christian school in the Congo. I vividly remember that Friday afternoon in the men’s locker room after the basketball team had finished practice my friend Jeremy coming up to me with a big smile on his face. He said something along the lines of “James check this out!” He pulled out his new Nokia that he had received as a gift from his parents for his birthday. I remember looking at the screen of the phone and seeing a man and a woman having intercourse and staying in the locker room with the entire basketball team for next thirty minutes. There were lots of fist bumps and laughter as we were all exposed to this simple tape that was part of a multi-billion dollar entertainment industry. According to...
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...Outline Notes Body Image: WOMEN * In a world obsessed with women’s bodies, we are bombarded with images of them, usually undressed, often in dehumanised pieces, at every turn. But though we see women’s bodies everywhere, it’s only really one body that we’re seeing, over and over again. Usually a young, thin, white, toned, large-breasted, long-legged, non-disabled body. * Unrealistic media ideals of female beauty have spawned a multitude of “body confidence” campaigns * A recent report by the All Party Parliamentary Group on Body Image found that girls as young as five are worrying about their size and appearance, and that one in four seven-year-old girls have tried to lose weight at least once. And, as the BSA survey results show, a preoccupation with body image affects women throughout their lives, not just in their youth. It holds women back by eroding their confidence both at work and socially. MEN BODY IMAGE * Men are also given the 'perfection' blueprint. They should be strong, muscular, show no emotion. * They are told constantly to "Man Up" and to "Be a Man." The size of a man's penis is constantly bought up in many a conversation between girlfriends over lunch, much like his performance in the bedroom. Men Models: abbs, toned, oiled, glossy bodies. * Tend to hit the gym more, buling up and gaining becomes the issue. And things like sterioids. * Some of you ladies reading this may scoff and roll your eyes, thinking "Welcome to my life...
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...members and they are being under the control of their pimp and are not allowed to leave. If they are unable to leave, just like the victims of sex trafficking cannot leave, does that not mean that prostitution is the another type of sex trafficking? Thus both sex trafficking and prostitution prey on women and girls who are vulnerable due to poverty, discrimination and violence. Accessible and cheap internet shops, affordable wireless connectivity, and the ubiquity of webcams and internet enable mobile devices become the basic tools of this trade. Online pornography- pornography is the most widespread used form of films and even live acts are made available through various media. Women, mostly minors are usual demand of readers, viewers and website visitors. With new information and communication technologies, the increasing numbers on pornographic materials featuring women and girl child in sexually explicit and degrading acts is troubling. With new technologies, pornographic images are massively produced and easily distributed. Online Gaming- another area of concern that needs to be focused is the evolving culture of online gaming among youth. Several online games feature very disturbing concepts about women. In strip poker, a player wins if he is able to completely undress the women. This is one of many such games. For example, Grand Theft Auto is a video game that allows a player to earn additional points for raping or killing a prostitute. Many other games feature highly...
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...Chapter 4 “Men sexual activity is assumed and accepted; after all, “Boys will be boys.” Girls may easily get a “bad reputation” and be condemned as “sluts”.” (Women’s Sexuality pg. 175) This is so true in the society in which I grew up in. I talked about it in my paper where my brother and I were raised different. In high school my brother had his high school girlfriend living with my mom where she had a baby when they were still in school; yet, when I was grown living in my mother house where I already had a child I could not have my child father stay the night with me and sleep in the same bed. I thought this was a double standard not only in my house but also in my community. Another thing I hear all the time is when a female get pregnant at an early age she is called names; however, men are looked at totally different in this situation. For example my mother had got pregnant with me when she was sixteen. My mother and my father attended the same school where they both received different responses from their peers. My mom was looked at as fast and all the males wanted her because they thought she could be used as a sexual being in their eyes. Yet, my father was praised by the males and females. The females thought he was so manly and now most girls wanted to date him. I feel this is ridiculous because they were both young and irresponsible but, my mom had taken all the blame for being pregnant at an early age. This is very upsetting to know that we have not come too far...
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...“Tit” for Tat In a world where bigger is better, we as a country have been trying to out do and gain a leg up on everyone. It is starting to take a toll on our bodies. Plastic surgery has been on the rise, and what used to be shunned is now widely accepted and now in some cases expected. Everything is now possible from making an overgrown gut smaller, a flat butt more voluptuous, or making an undersized bust outrageously massive. From 1997 to 2003 plastic surgery has skyrocketed 299%. Breast augmentation is changing the shape of the world. Today, it is the most commonly performed cosmetic surgical procedure in the United States. According to the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, more than 125,000 breast augmentation procedures are performed each year. People are now shelling out the big bucks for youth and beauty. All of those assets come with a price. Most women think now they need to be skinny and have a big chest to even be someone in this world. Medical advances, greater public acceptance of plastic surgery, and the media have all contributed to the problem. Men also contribute their ideal woman, which television and pornographic material create; but in reality most women aren’t Barbie dolls and shouldn’t have to be to succeed or be someone in life. Dr. David Sarwer, a University of Pennsylvania psychologist who has studied augmentation, said “The current ideal of female beauty -- that of a thin, well-toned, yet big-breasted woman --...
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...To what extent has Putin’s Russia become a Dictatorship? Mussolini once said that ‘Democracy is beautiful in theory; in practice it is fallacy’ (ERepublik, 2009) and to some extent, this could be seen as true. However, how is it that a dictatorship can be truly defined? In the English dictionary (Oxford Collins Dictionary, 2003), a dictatorship is defined as ‘a government by a dictator or dictators’ however, whilst this does hold some truth, in the context of this question, this definition is far too simple, vague, and it does not help in any way to explain the extent to which Russia has become a dictatorship under Vladimir Putin since this only could really apply to a ‘yes, no’ question, which would abruptly end this investigation. But there are several questions that can be asked which will help in answering this query. In the context of Putin’s Russia and dictatorship we can inquire as to whether Russia has become a dictatorship under Putin, and if so why; is it politically correct to call it a dictatorship when compared to other countries such as Belarus and Zimbabwe, which are instated and well-known dictatorships; and another question we can ask ourselves is whether it is actually right for us, as westerners, to call it a dictatorship when it could be our own westernised and capitalised views affecting the way we see other political non-capitalist regimes, causing us to call Russia as such. To help answer these questions, several issues and subtopics will be addressed...
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...Prostitution; An Abolitionist Perspective We can learn a great deal about women and prostitution by studying the construction of prostitution as a « Social problem ». Two dominant questions oppose each other when it comes to prostition, One of them wich advocates abolition, and the other claiming its recognition as a full time job. These two positions appear to be largely balanced despite their opposition to the extent that they mobilize the same arguments, that is to say moral. But throughout his work, his analysis shows that prostitution is a widely heterogeneous universe, crossed by numerous divisions and whose participants are located mainly in the same position in the economic and social field. The first chapter explains the construction of prostitution and claims that it only creates misery and populism, as often when it comes to socially subordinate groups. In both cases, there is a certain essentialist representation of the prostitute - because often we forget men who engage in commercial sex, and the blurred boundaries of genders that include transvestites and transsexuals. More worryingly, it shows that some sociologists use their scientific legitimacy to defend highly ideological positions (in this case abolitionists). To get out of these preconceptions of considering prostitution not in only in the terms of sexuality – just like the idea of taboo in our society, but as a means of economical “subsistence” for individuals who practice it. This is often led...
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...contents critical thinking thinking critically about ethical issues 1 ETHICAL REASONING 3 2 VALUES-BASED ETHICAL REASONING 9 3 RIGHTS-BASED ETHICAL REASONING 15 4 CONSEQUENCE-BASED ETHICAL REASONING 20 5 ERRORS IN ETHICAL REASONING 25 5.1 THE IS/OUGHT FALLACY 25 5.2 THE ARBITRARY LINE FALLACY 27 REVIEW OF TERMS 29 THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT WHAT YOU SEE 29 THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT WHAT YOU HEAR 30 THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT WHAT YOU READ 30 THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT WHAT YOU WRITE 35 THINKING CRITICALLY WHEN YOU DISCUSS 36 REASONING TEST QUESTIONS 36 T H I N K I N G C R I T I C A L L Y A B O U T E T H I C A L I S S U E S We don’t cover any particular step or steps in this section—you can, and should, apply all of your critical thinking skills when you think about ethical issues (hence, the entire template is bolded)! Template for critical analysis of arguments 1. What’s the point (claim/opinion/conclusion)? s Look for subconclusions as well. 2. What are the reasons/what is the evidence? s s Articulate all unstated premises. Articulate connections. 3. What exactly is meant by . . .? s s s Define terms. Clarify all imprecise language. Eliminate or replace “loaded” language and other manipulations. 4. Assess the reasoning/evidence: s s If deductive, check for truth/acceptability and validity. If inductive, check for truth/acceptability...
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