...comprises ports, shipping, shipbuilding and ship repair, and inland water transport systems. According to the Ministry of Shipping, Government of India, approximately 95% of the India’s trade by volume, and 70% by value, is moved through maritime transport. India is among the top 20 leading countries having large number of merchant fleets in the world. The Gross Tonnage (GT) under the Indian flag was 10.1 million GT as of 1.09.2010, with as much as 1029 ships in operation. Ports act as an interface between ocean transport and land transport. India has 12 major ports viz. Kolkata (including Dock complex at Haldia), Paradip, Vishakapatnam, Chennai, Ennore, Tuticorin, Cochin, New Mangalore, Mormugao, Jawaharlal Nehru at Nhava, Mumbai, and Kandla, and 187 minor ports. Despite recessionary conditions, traffic handled at major ports has grown on an average by 5.7% in the year 2009-10, over the year 2008-09. However, ports like Haldia (-20.4%), Ennore (-6.9%) and New Mangalore (-3.2%) are few of the main ports that witnessed negative growth in 2009-10. Nevertheless, most of the ports have not achieved their target for the year 2009-10. Mormugao (8.5%), Tuticorin (8.1%) Mumbai (2%), Kandla (2%), and Paradip (1.8%) were the only ports which achieved their growth target for 2009-10. Haldia (-22.1%) and Ennore (-14%) were the two ports which showed huge variation in traffic compared to the traffic targeted in 2009-10. It has been the endeavour of Government of India to consistently...
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...Sarah Allmond, Kamal Assaf, Doug Bice, and Renee Burkart Dr. Mike Marzano Logistics Management February 21, 2013 Infrastructure in India India’s port, road, and rail networks need massive capital investment. The ports in India are operating beyond their intended capacity in spite of the construction of a number of new sites. Moreover, there are bottlenecks when clearing goods from customs: the time required to clear goods in India is twice that of South Korea and Thailand and three times that of the average for members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Since most ports are overstretched and the time taken to obtain customs clearance is quite long, companies in India hold large inventories. Poor road and rail networks exacerbate these problems. India is presently ranked 17th in the maritime nations of the world. About 95% by volume and 70% by value of the contry’s trade is carried on through meritime transport. The country’s coastline comprises 12 major ports (Chennai, Ennore, Haldia, Pradip, Kandla, Kochi, Kolkata, Marmagao, Mumbai, New Manglaore, Tuticorin and Visakhapatnam) and 187 minor and intermediate ports. FDI up to 100% under the automatic route is permitted in the construction and maintenance of prots and harbours, maritime transport services and internal waterways transport services. The department of Shipping is also planning to enact a Shipping Trade Practices Act, which is presently in the daraft stage. The government...
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...Port Policy December 1995 Ports & Fisheries Department Government of Gujarat India INTRODUCTION Gujarat, situated on the western coast of India, is a principal Maritime State endowed with favourable strategic port locations. The prominence of Gujarat is by a virtue of having nearly 1600 kms long coastline, which accounts for 1/3rd of the coastline of India and being the nearest maritime outlet to Middle East, Africa and Europe. In 1991, Government of India initiated various economic, trade and industrial reforms, through the policy of liberalisation to enhance industrial and trading activities. The rationalisation of import duties and stress on export promotion have seen imports increasing by 24% and export by 25%. Gujarat State, is one of those frontline States that can take up the policy of liberalisation and privatisation, announced by the Govenment of India through a process of globalisation. Gujarat itself is experiencing a phenomenal interest in investment both from MegaIndustrial sectors within the country and also from top Multi Nationals abroad. Investment to the tune of $ 30 billion are already in the pipeline. From an analysis of the present investments and those that are flowing in, one can perceive a particular trend which is manifesting itself - investments are converging in and around potential port sites. Investments of over Rs. 16.000 crores are taking place at Hazira, Rs. 15,000 crores are planned at Vagra. Rs. 20,000 crores are planned in areas near Pipavav...
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...bridges, water, electricity and port facilities fell on the colonial government due to the absence of indigenous companies with the required capital as well as the inability or unwillingness of foreign trading companies to embark on these capital-intensive projects(Iheme 1997).This involvement was expended and consolidated by the colonial welfare development plan (1946 – 56) that was formulated when the labour party came to power in the United Kingdom. This trend continued after independence such that by 1999, it was estimated that successive Nigeria Governments have invested up to 800 billion Naira in public owned enterprises (Obasanjo, 1999). THE CONCEPT OF PRIVATIZATION Although the concept of privatization is an is an emotive, ideological and controversial one evoking sharp political reactions, its political origins, meaning and objectives are not ambiguous. Iheme (1997).defines privatizations as: …any of a variety of measurers adopted by government to expose a public enterprise to competition or to bring in private ownership or control or management into a public enterprise and accordingly to reduce the usual weight of public ownership or control or management. However, in a strict sense, privatization means the transfer of the ownership (and all the incidence of ownership, including management) of a public enterprise to private investors. The later meaning has the advantage of helping one to draw a line between privatization and other varieties of public...
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...PROJECT TOPICS FOR INTERNSHIP 1. JIT (just in time) 2. EOQ 3. ABC analysis 4. vendor performance 5. quality circle 6. TQM 7. ISO 9000 8. value engineering 9. centralize purchase 10. management audit 11. company analysis with ratio/fund flow 12. study of stock exchange 13. role of SEBI 14. joint venture 15. takeover 16. merger 17. marginal cost as management tool 18. product life cycle 19. media plan 20. test marketing 21. export pricing 22. role of small scale industries in developing nation 23. role of SIDBI 24. role of EXLM bank 25. study of financial institute 26. mutual fund 27. Privatization insurance, road, ports etc. 28. waste management 29. trade union movement in India 30. labour welfare scheme 31. working capital management 32. cash management / fund management 33. importance of budget 34. invisible exports 35. tourism industries 36. brand equity 37. bench marking 38. co-operative movement in Agro-product 39. marketing Agro-product 40. DOT COM company in future 41. IT Parks 42. South East Asian origin 43. FDI 44. Regional Grouping / Trade Block 45. SEZ 46. packing need 47. social forestory 48. comparative study of industries (either financial angle or marketing angle or techno angle) 49. marketing of SSI produt 50. warehousing 51. transport 52. IATA – role function 53. communication and custom service ...
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...Economic Reforms in India since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked? by Montek S. Ahluwalia* India was a latecomer to economic reforms, embarking on the process in earnest only in 1991, in the wake of an exceptionally severe balance of payments crisis. The need for a policy shift had become evident much earlier, as many countries in east Asia achieved high growth and poverty reduction through policies which emphasized greater export orientation and encouragement of the private sector. India took some steps in this direction in the 1980s, but it was not until 1991 that the government signaled a systemic shift to a more open economy with greater reliance upon market forces, a larger role for the private sector including foreign investment, and a restructuring of the role of government. India’s economic performance in the post-reforms period has many positive features. The average growth rate in the ten year period from 1992-93 to 2001-02 was around 6.0 percent, as shown in Table 1, which puts India among the fastest growing developing countries in the 1990s. This growth record is only slightly better than the annual average of 5.7 percent in the 1980s, but it can be argued that the 1980s growth was unsustainable, fuelled by a buildup of external debt which culminated in the crisis of 1991. In sharp contrast, growth in the 1990s was accompanied by remarkable external stability despite the east Asian crisis. Poverty also declined significantly in the post-reform period, and at a faster...
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...Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 16, Number 3—Summer 2002—Pages 67– 88 Economic Reforms in India Since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked? Montek S. Ahluwalia I ndia was a latecomer to economic reforms, embarking on the process in earnest only in 1991, in the wake of an exceptionally severe balance of payments crisis. The need for a policy shift had become evident much earlier, as many countries in east Asia achieved high growth and poverty reduction through policies that emphasized greater export orientation and encouragement of the private sector. India took some steps in this direction in the 1980s, but it was not until 1991 that the government signaled a systemic shift to a more open economy with greater reliance upon market forces, a larger role for the private sector including foreign investment, and a restructuring of the role of government. India’s economic performance in the postreform period has many positive features. The average growth rate in the ten-year period from 1992–1993 to 2001–2002 was around 6.0 percent, as shown in Table 1, which puts India among the fastest growing developing countries in the 1990s. This growth record is only slightly better than the annual average of 5.7 percent in the 1980s, but it can be argued that the 1980s growth was unsustainable, fuelled by a buildup of external debt that culminated in the crisis of 1991. In sharp contrast, growth in the 1990s was accompanied by remarkable external stability despite the east Asian crisis...
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...Railways sector in India Indian railways started its 53km journey between Mumbai and Thane on April 16, 1853 and is today one of the largest railways in the world. Indian railway is spread over 109,221km covering 6906 stations. Operating three gauges, trains in India carry over 481 billion ton kilometers and 695 billion passenger kilometers of goods and traffic respectively. Indian railway carries 40% of freight traffic and 20% of the passenger traffic in country. IR is one of the premier infrastructural wings of the economy combining all major functions of a conventional Railway system. It builds and maintains infrastructure assets like Track, Electric traction, Signaling Systems, Telecom network, Stations / Terminals etc. Apart from operating goods and passenger trains, it operates suburban trains in various metros. It manufactures locomotives, coaching stock, wagon and components of rolling stock like Wheel & Axle. It runs workshops to maintain its rolling stock & is also involved in ancillary activities like catering, tourism etc. All the above activities are managed through a strong work force of 1.41 million. Indian Railway’s operations are characterized by mixed traffic –both passenger and Freight trains share the same track and infrastructure. Passenger trains constitute nearly 70% of the trains run but contribute to less than 35% of the revenue earned, while freight trains constituting only 30% of the trains, make up 65% of the revenue. Like most of the...
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...Economic Reforms in India since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked? by Montek S. Ahluwalia* India was a latecomer to economic reforms, embarking on the process in earnest only in 1991, in the wake of an exceptionally severe balance of payments crisis. The need for a policy shift had become evident much earlier, as many countries in east Asia achieved high growth and poverty reduction through policies which emphasized greater export orientation and encouragement of the private sector. India took some steps in this direction in the 1980s, but it was not until 1991 that the government signaled a systemic shift to a more open economy with greater reliance upon market forces, a larger role for the private sector including foreign investment, and a restructuring of the role of government. India’s economic performance in the post-reforms period has many positive features. The average growth rate in the ten year period from 1992-93 to 2001-02 was around 6.0 percent, as shown in Table 1, which puts India among the fastest growing developing countries in the 1990s. This growth record is only slightly better than the annual average of 5.7 percent in the 1980s, but it can be argued that the 1980s growth was unsustainable, fuelled by a buildup of external debt which culminated in the crisis of 1991. In sharp contrast, growth in the 1990s was accompanied by remarkable external stability despite the east Asian crisis. Poverty also declined significantly in the post-reform period, and at a...
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...Economic Reforms in India since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked? India was a latecomer to economic reforms, embarking on the process in earnest only in 1991, in the wake of an exceptionally severe balance of payments crisis. The need for a policy shift had become evident much earlier, as many countries in east Asia achieved high growth and poverty reduction through policies which emphasized greater export orientation and encouragement of the private sector. India took some steps in this direction in the 1980s, but it was not until 1991 that the government signaled a systemic shift to a more open economy with greater reliance upon market forces, a larger role for the private sector including foreign investment, and a restructuring of the role of government. India’s economic performance in the post-reforms period has many positive features. The average growth rate in the ten year period from 1992-93 to 2001-02 was around 6.0 percent, as shown in Table 1, which puts India among the fastest growing developing countries in the 1990s. This growth record is only slightly better than the annual average of 5.7 percent in the 1980s, but it can be argued that the 1980s growth was unsustainable, fuelled by a buildup of external debt which culminated in the crisis of 1991. In sharp contrast, growth in the 1990s was accompanied by remarkable external stability despite the east Asian crisis. Poverty also declined significantly in the post-reform period, and at a faster rate than in the 1980s...
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...Table Of Contents Sl. No. Name of the Topic Page No. 1. Introduction 1 2. Bangladesh: An Emerging Destination For Foreign Economy 1-10 3. Foreign Investment Opportunities 10-13 4. Current Situation Of Foreign Investment In Bangladesh: 13-19 5. Foreign Investment Trends In Bangladesh 20-34 6. Why Should Foreign Investors Invest In Bangladesh 35-39 7. How Can Our Government Come Forward To Attract Foreign Investors 39-46 8. Recommendation 47 9. Conclusion 48 10 References 48 INTRODUCTION: Bangladesh is now trying to establish itself as the next rising star in South Asia for foreign investment. The government has implemented a number of policy reforms designed to create a more open and competitive climate for private investment, both foreign and local. The country has a genuinely democratic system of government and enjoys political stability seen as a sine qua non for ensuring a favorable climate for investment and sustained development. Bangladesh has been quick to undertake major restructuring for establishing a market economy, with the major thrust coming from the private sector. The country enjoys modest but steady economic growth. Its current development strategy is based on the premise that the creation and distribution of wealth occurs through the acceleration of growth driven by competitive market forces, with the government facilitating growth and making a clean break from the practices of a controlled economy where private...
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...Topics for summer project FINANCE 1. vendor performance 2. quality circle 3. TQM 4. ISO 9000 5. value engineering 6. centralize purchase 7. management audit 8. company analysis with ratio/fund flow 9. study of stock exchange 10. role of SEBI 11. joint venture 12. takeover 13. merger 14. marginal cost as management tool 15. product life cycle 16. media plan 17. test marketing 18. export pricing 19. role of small scale industries in developing nation 20. role of SIDBI 21. role of EXLM bank 22. study of financial institute 23. mutual fund 24. Privatization insurance, road, ports etc. 25. waste management 26. trade union movement in India 27. labour welfare scheme 28. working capital management 29. cash management / fund management 30. importance of budget 31. invisible exports 32. tourism industries 33. brand equity 34. bench marking 35. co-operative movement in Agro-product 36. marketing Agro-product 37. DOT COM company in future 38. IT Parks 39. South East Asian origin 40. FDI 41. Regional Grouping / Trade Block 42. SEZ 43. packing need 44. social forestory 45. comparative study of industries (either financial angle or marketing angle or techno angle) 46. marketing of SSI produt 47. warehousing 48. transport 49. communication and custom service 50. universal bank 51. credit cards ...
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...facilitation, and policy advocacy support for the policy makers. The Board of Investment Act 1989 (Act XII of 1989) has entrusted the Board of Investment with responsibility for inter alia "collection, compilation, analysis and dissemination of all kinds of industrial data and establishment of data bank for that purpose"- BOI has endeavored in to portray a brief on Foreign Investment registered from 1977 to 2010 for Joint venture investment and from 1990-2010 for the 100% foreign investment projects. Country wise foreign and joint venture investment during 2009-2010* Country | No. of Projects | Proposed Investment (US$ m) | Saudi Arabia | 3 | 478,652.17 | Australia | 4 | 2,036.23 | USA | 5 | 2,990.33 | Finland | 2 | 3,023.89 | India | 9 | 8,451.53 | South Korea | 12 | 33,768.91 | Malaysia | 3 | 3,056.52 | Netherlands | 5 | 8,544.76 | China | 12 | 21,000.36 | United Kingdom | 5 | 3,507.76 | Pakistan | 2 | 990.91 | Japan | 8 | 2,624.85 | Denmark | 1 | 1,217.39 | Sri Lanka | 2 | 646.23 | Canada | 2 | 1,017.23 | Taiwan | 1 | 502.97 | Singapore | 4 | 1,929.62 | Turkey | 1 | 150.94 | Greece | 1 | 156.81 | Italy | 2 | 1,039.95 | Hong Kong | 5 | 14,805.94 | Total | 89 | 590,114.91 | As a developing country, Bangladesh needs FDI for its ongoing development process. Since independence, Bangladesh is trying to be a suitable location for FDI. Special zones have been set up and lucrative incentive packages have been provided to attract FDI. However...
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...Foreign direct investment in least developed countries (LCD’S): Some 850 million people, or 12 per cent of the world’s population, live in the 48 least developed countries (LDCs). These countries are the world’s poorest, with per capita GDP under $1,086,and with low levels of capital, human assets, exports and technological development. The Programme of Action of the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2001-2010 adopted at the Third United Nations Conference of the Least Developed Countries in 2001 in Brussels stated that foreign direct investment (FDI) was an important source of capital formation, know-how, employment generation and trade opportunities for LDCs and called for accelerating FDI inflows into these countries. Since 2001, both LDC governments and their development partners have indeed pursued proactive FDI promotion policies. Although there was an abrupt interruption of the secular trend in 2009, FDI flows to LDCs grew at an annual rate of 15 per cent during 2001-2010 as a whole to reach an estimated $24 billion by 2010, compared with $7.1 billion in 2001, and their share in global FDI flows rose from 0.9 per cent to over 2 per cent. The Brussels Declaration contained 30 international development goals for LDCs, including the attainment of an investment to GDP ratio of 25 per cent and an annual GDP growth rate of at least 7 per cent in order to achieve sustainable development and poverty reduction in LDCs. The Brussels goal of 7 per cent growth is being...
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...Privatization, Regulation and Competition in South Asia T. N. Srinivasan* 1. Introduction It is a great honor to be invited to deliver the Mahbub Ul Haq Memorial Lecture. Mahbub finished his graduate studies in economics and left Yale in 1956, a year before I began my own graduate studies there. He had set an exemplary record that those of us from South Asia who followed him at Yale, such as Bashir Karamali, Parvez Hasan, Syed Nawab Hyder Naqvi, Syed Naseem, and myself included, could only envy. In the late seventies, I interacted with Mahbub at the World Bank, where I spent three years at the Development Research Center. I still recall our discussions at the Bank about the Basic Needs Approach to economic development. As the Special Adviser to the UNDP Administrator, he pioneered the concept of Human Development and developed the Human Development Index (HDI). We resumed our discussions, this time on the conceptual and measurement issues related to HDI. Our debates were always friendly, and even though we strongly differed on development strategies, we were united in our belief that eradication of abject poverty and enabling each individual to achieve a fuller and richer life according to his or her own lights have to be the overarching objectives of any development strategy. The world of economics, and we in South Asia, lost a beacon of light, and a source of fresh ideas and innovations, when he was snatched away from us. Let me take this opportunity to pay tribute to his wife...
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