...Port Pricing & Port Tariff Analysis THE PORT PRODUCT A chain of consecutive links, while the port as a whole may itself be seen as a link in a global logistics chain Port costs account for only a fraction of the total costs associated with the logistics chain The prototypical port does not exist. Ports inevitably have an heterogeneous quality, e.g. the large number of possible market players involved (government, port management, shippers, forwarders, agents, shipping companies, trade unions, etc), each of which has specific objectives. Generalized Port Price Port Price per unit of throughput represents prices charged by the port for various port services, e.g. wharfage, berthing and cargo handling charges Ocean Carrier Port Time Price per unit of throughput represents the time-related costs incurred by ocean carriers while their ships are in port, e.g. ship depreciation, fuel and labor costs Inland Carrier Port Time Price per unit of throughput represents the time-related costs incurred by inland (rail and truck) carriers while their vehicles are in port, e.g., vehicle depreciation, fuel and labor costs Shipper Port Time Price per unit of throughput represents the time-related costs incurred by shippers while their shipments are in port, e.g., inventory costs such as insurance and depreciation costs. Port Profit Profit = Port Price*Port Throughput – Minimum Port Costs Port operating objectives of the port operator will differ depending...
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...Paliouras-Margaritis and my presentation is about the Piraeus Port, which is the largest Greek Seaport. The Port of Piraeus, as the largest Greek seaport, is one of the largest seaports in the Mediterranean Sea basin and in the whole world. Also has been the port of Athens since Archaic times. The port plays a crucial role in the development of international trade as well as the local and national economy, with more than three thousand employees who provide services to more than forty thousand ships every year. SOME ANCIENT HISTORICAL FACTS ABOUT THE PORT Piraeus was the ancient port of Athens throughout the Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic periods and in fact consisted of three separate harbors - Kantharos, Zea, and Munichia. The first was the largest and used for commercial activity and the other two smaller harbors were reserved for military use. All three harbors are still used today and archaeological remains include the foundations of several ship sheds, fortifications and a Hellenistic theatre. As the sea level has risen two meters since antiquity many of the ancient installations of Piraeus are now underwater but they continue to be excavated. Notable finds at the site over the years have included several bronze statues, which are hosted in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens. Piraeus Port today has a range of activities concerning the Commercial and Central Ports, ship services and real estate development. Piraeus Port connects continental Greece with the islands, is an...
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...Port Policy December 1995 Ports & Fisheries Department Government of Gujarat India INTRODUCTION Gujarat, situated on the western coast of India, is a principal Maritime State endowed with favourable strategic port locations. The prominence of Gujarat is by a virtue of having nearly 1600 kms long coastline, which accounts for 1/3rd of the coastline of India and being the nearest maritime outlet to Middle East, Africa and Europe. In 1991, Government of India initiated various economic, trade and industrial reforms, through the policy of liberalisation to enhance industrial and trading activities. The rationalisation of import duties and stress on export promotion have seen imports increasing by 24% and export by 25%. Gujarat State, is one of those frontline States that can take up the policy of liberalisation and privatisation, announced by the Govenment of India through a process of globalisation. Gujarat itself is experiencing a phenomenal interest in investment both from MegaIndustrial sectors within the country and also from top Multi Nationals abroad. Investment to the tune of $ 30 billion are already in the pipeline. From an analysis of the present investments and those that are flowing in, one can perceive a particular trend which is manifesting itself - investments are converging in and around potential port sites. Investments of over Rs. 16.000 crores are taking place at Hazira, Rs. 15,000 crores are planned at Vagra. Rs. 20,000 crores are planned in areas near Pipavav...
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...A Resources-Based View of Competitive Advantage at The Port of Singapore Singapore has important natural resources include its large protected harbor, its location in major trade routes (Singapore is located where the ship traffic between Europe and South East Asia and the US West Coast and South East Asia must pass) , and the skills of its well-educated workforce. As shipping became containerized, a port required massive infrastucture development like berths, cranes, trucks, storage, and so on. In 1972 Singapore open its first container berth and in 1997 the Port of Singapore Authority was privatized and its name was changed to PSA Corpration eventhough the Singapore government still own 100% of the shares in this company. Moreover, Singapore was named as the best container port in Asia for the 14th time and thebest seaport for the 15th time in 2004 by the Asian freight industry. Performance Data Singapore is the busiest port in the world in terms of shipping tonnage and compares quite favorably on metrics of port operation. At any one time, there were more than 800 ships in port. In 2001 port recieved 146.265 vessels with a shipping tonnage of 960 million gross tons. Singapore is handling a throughput of 18,1 million TEUs in its four container terminals in 2003. PSA facilities can provide on average 100 container moves per hour. Recorded 280,4 container moves per hour with the ship AOL Sardonix in 2001. PSA Marine, a wholly-owned subsidiary, performed 108...
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...A Report on Shanghai (Yangshan) Port Visit 2013 Debarshi Das IIFT Kolkata 7/7/2013 Contents * What is a Port - page 3 * Types of Port - page 3 * Major Ports in China - page 4 * Port’s major functions - page 5 * About Shanghai Port - page 6 * Yangshan deep water container terminal - page 7 * Key points and challenges - page 9 * References - page 9 What is a Port? A “Port” is a facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo to and from them. They are usually situated at the edge of an ocean or sea, river, or lake. Ports often have cargo-handling equipment such as cranes and forklifts for use in loading/unloading of ships, which may be provided by private interests or public bodies. Often, canneries or other processing facilities will be located very close by. Harbor pilots, barges and tugboats are often used to safely maneuver large ships in tight quarters as they approach and leave the docks. The presence of deep water in channels or berths, the provision of protection from the wind, waves and storm surges and access to intermodal transportation such as trains or trucks are critical to the functioning of seaports and river ports. Types of port: (i) Seaport: The terms "port" and "seaport" are used for ports that handle ocean-going vessels; (ii) River port: used for facilities that handle river traffic; (iii) Inland port: An inland port may be located on a lake or river and have river...
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...Competitiveness of ports Antwerp, Zeebrugge and Rotterdam Maritime and Modal Transportation Borms Floris 2014/2015 Table of content 1. Intro p. 3 2. General information about the ports p. 4 3.1.1. Antwerpen p. 4 3.1.2. Zeebrugge p. 5 3.1.3. Rotterdam p . 6 3. Geographical Location p. 7 4. Hinterland connections p. 8 5. Port services quality, frequency, efficiency p. 10 6. Port Authority/Administration (legal/institutional background) p. 10 7. Conclusion p . 11 8. References p. 13 1. Introduction In this term paper I will discuss the competitiveness of ports. What are the most important factors that influence the results of a port and the amount of customers and suppliers they attract. This will include exogenous as well as endogenous components. The focus will be on the ports of Antwerp, Zeebrugge and Rotterdam because their locations are close to each other and on the first view they serve a similar market, which makes them comparable. To completely understand the performances of these ports, it is important that we have a short background of the ports and how they are evolving. This will be explained in the general information topic. Thereafter we will have a look at their geographical locations, the connection with the hinterland, their services they offer and the legal background. 2. General Information 2.1 Port of Antwerp ...
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...what exactly is a port expander ,the author of this essay asks? A port expander is basically a device, that can be connected internal through the motherboard or an external connector, witch allows you to connect multiple devices to a single port. The way the port expanders works is it literally act as an add on for other devices. Think of a port expander like a modern surge protector. A surge protector has a single prong on the end of it to plug into one outlet but the surge protector also has several connector points on its other end to expands the one electrical unit to about several different units. This is the same idea for a port expander. The port expander has on connector port that goes into the receiving computer port and on the other end of that connector port are about several ports that can be used with the single connector port. Port expanders are very much so universal, simply because the ports themselves are universal so there aren't any specific expanders, or another that port expanders are called is a hub, for specific computers and they are generic devices that will work with any computer. So with ports there are some good reasons or advantages for them but just as there is good you also have the bad or disadvantages for them as well. One disadvantage or the major disadvantage would be because that one port is be shared with so many devices it will definitely cause slower connection speed between transmitting information between the ports. To offset that disadvantage...
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...Research Paper 1 : Port Expander A port expander is a device that allows one port on a computer system to connect to multiple devices. There are two basic types of port expander: internal and external. The internal expander has a connection inside the computer, typically on the motherboard. The external device plugs into the existing port and then has multiple places to connect. When not a part of the computer system, these devices are commonly referred to as splitters. For example, the device may allow seven devices to connect to one serial port. Types of ports available on the expander hardware Ethernet port expander, FireWire port expander, DB-25 port expander, Serial port expander, USB port expander, VGA port expander, DVI port expander, SCSI port expander, Audio port expander, Video port expander, Microphone port expander, RS-422 port expander, Modbus serial port expander, SATA port expander, SAS port expander, SSD port expander There are no specific types of ports for different computers in technology today. That being said, all the computers from PC to Mac have all the same ports so one type of port expander should connect to that specific port on any type of computer. Port expanders offer the advantage of allowing more devices of a particular port type to be utilized at the same time. The downside or disadvantage to this is that all those devices will share the output for that single port that the expander was connected to. For example, a 3 Gbps port would then...
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...Port Expander I had never heard of a port expander before this class, but after much looking, I’ve found out what a port expander is and what it does. “ A port expander is a hardware device designed to allow a user to utilize more than one device on a single port at one time. For example, the device may allow seven devices to connect to one serial port.”(Computer Hope, 2016) It still didn’t make much sense to me, even after reading about it. As I went along finding more information, the more sense it made. What I found about this item is that additional ports receive and send data into a parallel format, which means it needs to be converted to a serial format. I found on the internet sixteen different port expanders, those would be SCSI port expander, audio port expander, VGS port expander, SATA port expander, Ethernet port expander, Modus Serial port expander, SSD port expander, SAS port expander, DB-25 port expander, USB port expander, VDI port expander, Microphone port expander, Video port expander, and Serial port expander (termpaperwarehouse, 2016). As far as if the port expanders are made for specific types of computers, what I’ve found are mixed answers online for this one. So for my own conclusion, I’m going to say they are generally basic, but doesn’t mean it will work with all computers, because a port expander doesn’t actually introduce any new hardware, just introduces a connection. It seems there are advantages and disadvantages to using a port expander...
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...Ports and connectors * Serial ports (Transmit data 1 bit at a time and usually male.)They have 9 to 25 pins. * Parallel ports (Transmit data 8bit at a time and usually female.)They have 25 pins. * Game ports (They are female with 15pins (2rows)). NB// * Note that video (male) have 15pins but are arranged in three rows. * Serial and game ports have being replaced by usb ports. * Early mouse and keyboard used a serial connector 5pin connector. Modern however use ps/2 ports or usb or wireless (Great improvement!) * NIC (network interface card!) Converts parallel communication to serial. It connects through a RJ45 connector cable. * Modem (connects to phone line). It’s the slowest means of data transfer. Its speed is from 56kbps onwards thanks to V.92. converts analog signals to digital which a computer can use then back to analog when sending transmission back. Uses RJ-11 connector cable which connects to the modem. * Video ports (they come in 3) 1:vga – analog interface -D-type, 15pins ,3rows 2:dvi - digital visual interface. 3:s-video – round with 4 or 7 pins connects to tv. * Usb (universal serial bus). * Hot swappable,which means that you can plug them while the computer is running and they will be detected and used. No need to restart the computer. Types of usb Usb 1 – data transfer of 12mbps. Length of cable 3meters. Usb2 – data transfer of 480mbps . length of cable 5mbps. * They both have two side of connection. ...
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...HDMI The High Definition Multi Media Interface (HDMI) is a single cable and user-friendly connector, provides an interface between any audio/video source, such as a set-top box, DVD player, or A/V receiver and an audio and/or video monitor, such as a digital television (DTV). It supports standard, enhanced, or high-definition video, plus multi-channel digital audio. It transmits all ATSC HDTV standards and supports 8-channel digital audio with bandwidth. USB The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is very user friendly & is referred to as plug and play because of its easy use. Before USB, connecting devices to your system was often a hassle. Modems and digital cameras were connected via the serial port which was quite slow, as only 1 bit is transmitted at a time through a serial port. USB works on Windows and Mac, plus can be used with other operating systems. The USB uses two types of connectors; • USB A (Host) often referred to as the downstream connector. The Type A USB connector is rectangular...
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...Video 1.07 Ports and Connectors In this chapter, I learned about serial, parallel, SCSI, USB, sound, and FireWire ports and some of their corresponding devices. I also learned that USB has become the dominate port replacing the PS/2 mouse and keyboard, serial and parallel ports on recent systems. Below are some of the topics presented. Serial, Parallel, Game Ports * Serial ports are male with 9 or 25-pins * Parallel ports are female and have 25-pins * Game ports are also female and have 15pins with two rows Older mice used serial connectors and older keyboards used 5-pin DIN connectors. The more modern connectors is the PS/2 pin or the USB or wireless. Network Interface Card * Is responsible for converting parallel communications to serial * It uses the RJ-45 connector Modem * This is the slowest connection to the Internet which uses the phone line * Transfers 56 Kbps * V.92 is a faster technology but still slower that NIC * They convert analog into digital and then converts from digital into analog * Uses RJ-11 connectors Video * VGA- analog interface D-type, 15-pins, 3 rows * DVI- Digital Visual Interface * S-Video round with 4 or 7 pins, used to connect to the TV USB * Universal Serial Bus that is hot swappable * USB1 transmits at 12 Mbps 3 meters in length * USB2 transmits at 480 Mbps 5 meters in length USB come with two sizes of connectors A and B. The A connector is the...
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...Port Expander A port expander essentially allows one to become two. What I mean by that is it allows more than one device to connect to a single port. Expanders are equivalent to splitters or extension cords in everyday life. They are usually inside the computer on the motherboard, with the only visible part of it being the extension plate showing multiple ports. Some example of the type of ports that we’ve covered and that I’m familiar with are: Ethernet Port Firewire Port Serial Port VGA Port Audio/Video Ports SATA Port DVI Port USB Port DB-25 Port Microphone Port Port expanders are pretty generic, meaning that they’re compatible for almost any PC. There is not a specific expander made for the numerous number of computer brands on the market today. The advantages and disadvantages sort of go together when talking about port expanders. They do allow you to connect more devices at one time but it also slows those devices down. Depending if the port has a 3GBps or 6GBps, all the devices had to share that speed, rather than being used individually and using all of the particular speed for one device. In most cases, buying port expanders are more convenient than trying to find a computer that comes with that many ports for a decent price. The only true downside you could run into would be the amount of power you have available on your computer. There are only so many ports you can use at one time before you overload your computer. Once it overloads...
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...Port Expander “Port expanders are devices that allow one port on a computer system to connect to multiple devices. There are two basic forms of port expander: internal and external. An internal expander has a connection inside the computer, while the external connects to the outside the computer through an existing port via USB.”(What Is a Port Expander?) The use of a surge protectors or aka splitters is used to connect multiple devices so that they can get power from the wall outlet in order to work. While on the other hand port expanders get there power from the computer instead from a wall outlet. There are different types of port expanders: Ethernet port expander hardware, FireWire port expander hardware, DB-25 port expander hardware, Serial port expander hardware, USB port expander hardware, VGA port expander hardware, DVI port expander hardware, SCSI port expander hardware, Audio port expander hardware, Video port expander hardware, Microphone port expander hardware, RS-422 port expander hardware, Modbus Serial port hardware, SATA port expander hardware, SAS port expander hardware and SSD port expander hardware. Some port expanders can work on all computers while other port expanders can only work on some computers it is depended on what kind of motherboard that computer is using. “The advantages of using port expanders are that you get more ports to use. SAS expanders take one port and make many out of them. SSD are so much faster, often capable of reading 200MBPS or...
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...Port Expander A port expander is a hardware device designed to allow a user to utilize more than one device on a single port at one time. For example, the device may allow seven devices to connect to one serial port. Hardware Expander Types: * Ethernet Port Expander Hardware * FireWire Port Expander Hardware * DB-25 Port Expander Hardware * Serial Port Expander Hardware * USB Port Expander Hardware * VGA Port Expander Hardware * DVI Port Expander Hardware * SCSI Port Expander Hardware * Audio Port Expander Hardware * Video Port Expander Hardware * Microphone Port Expander Hardware * RS-422 Port Expander Hardware * Modbus Serial Port Hardware * SATA Port Expander Hardware * SAS Port Expander Hardware * SSD Port Expander Hardware Port expanders are generic devices that can be used with any computer as long as the computer has the port for which you are trying to use and expander for. Now pretty much every computer from PC to MAC has all the same ports on them. It used to be that MAC was the only one using Firewire, but then it became available on the PCs. However, even since it became available on PCs, it has now been mostly phased out. Well, depending on what you are using it for there are different kinds of advantages and disadvantages. If you are using it on a desktop or home computer one of the advantages is the ability to allow more devices of a particular port type to be utilized at the same time. One disadvantage...
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