...Since the 1800’s, police officers armed with gun and nightsticks to perform their duties and include in late 1870’s the use of telegraph and telephones, the installation of police call boxes and the adoption in 1880’s of the Bertillon system of criminal identification and in the turn of century, the use of fingerprinting systems to assist law enforcement agencies to identify and apprehend criminal offenders, whatever technological development have made there’s only one goal for these officers is to serve and to protect innocent lives. The criminal justice system also has to advance in ways to communicate with different agencies because communicating quickly and effectively can positively affect the results of prosecuting the offenders such as gathering and preserving evidences, collecting and recording interviews with victims and witnesses. “Computers have provided police with important technological advances like computer mapping to pinpoint crime areas”. (William Bratton, former New York City, Police Commissioner)There are many specialized and newer technologies that are available in the market and used today by different law enforcement agencies, such as the IAFIS (Integrated Automated Identification Fingerprint System), facial recognition, and mobile data terminals, Iris scan and specialized databases such as the Criminal Justice Information System, offender management systems, and victim notification systems which is link to the Federal Bureau Of Investigation’s National...
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...convicted of soliciting a prostitute, should he be put onto the same list as someone who was convicted of aggravated sexual assault? There are at least fifty different ways for an individual to be labeled as a sex offender (New York Sex Offender Registry Registerable Offenses). Even though all are registered as “sex offenders,” once released from prison, there are different ways one can be treated. Most people do not agree with having different levels because they believe that all convicted sex offenders should be treated the same. Society may not even consider some “sex crimes” as a reason for one to go to jail and be registered as a “sex offender.” In New Jersey, Megan’s Law requires convicted sex offenders to register with local law enforcement upon their conviction and/or release from prison. The law was named after seven-year-old Megan Kanka who resided in Hamilton Township, New Jersey. In July of 1994, an across-the-street neighbor, Jesse Timmendequas, lured her into his home and proceeded to rape and murder her. Unknown to the Kanka family, Timmendequas was a convicted sex offender who had been released from prison. After her unfortunate death, Megan Kanka’s parents tried very hard to make sure that something would be done in regards to how sex offenders are monitored once released from prison. In 1996, “Megan’s Law”...
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...Pavlov did an experiment on a dog and tried classical conditioning and successfully conditioned a dog to salivate when it hears a bell as the dog salivated when it saw food and then when he rang the bell the dog didn’t salivate then he conditioned the dog to salivate when it hears the bell and then it will get food. Skinner did an experiment on animals and put them in a “Skinner Box” and then he faced them with several tasks and then if they did the task well they would be rewarded with treats this is called “positive reinforcement”, “negative reinforcement” is when you remove an unpleasant reinforce which can strengthen the behaviour of the individual. All of these theorists proved that you can condition people and animals and give them fears and make them do things without knowing. These theorists proved both classical and operant conditioning and shows that you can change your personality. Cognitive: Cognitive approach, this approach has assumptions of that this approach is developed due to the unhappiness with the behaviourist approach as it doesn’t take mental processes into account and that selective attention determines what goes into the short term...
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...Solve a Problem Paper PHL458 Aug 19, 2013 Solve a Problem Paper A creative process is designed to help solve problems and come up with solutions. The creative processes are the systematic order to identify research, gather information, analyze and then come up with strategies to solve it. Being creative is not easy and humans go through two phases, producing the idea and then judging them.(Ruggiero, 2009) In this paper I will identify the four stages of the creative process and then solve produce a problem and solve it using all four stages of the creative process. Thinking creativity is thinking outside of the box, using your imagination and having originality. To keep the creative process simple there is stages to the creative process. The first stage is searching for challenges; usually challenges are not hard to find they come in the form of issues and problems that need to be solved. Everyone has problems and issue throughout their daily actives that need to be addressed. The Second stage is expressing the problem or issue, this is realizing the issues or problems exists and then start thinking of the multiple ways to solve the issues. The third stage is investigating the problem or issue; an individual will start gather information and data to help solve the problem or issue. Throughout these processes one might be gathering new information or uncover old information to help with investigating. The last stage is producing ideas, an individual needs to...
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...severe and dire consequences of gang violence. Operation Peace keeper delivers its message through the use of youth outreach workers who are familiar with the streets and the challenges these youth face. Youth outreach workers serve as mentors and role models and make sure youth understand the consequences of gang activity and inform the youth that there are other positive routes in life versus gang involvement. Operation Peacekeeper has reduced very positive results gun homicides decreased by 35% between 1997-2002. Prior to the intervention there were 2.9 gun homicides the monthly average then dropped to 1.9 during the intervention. After the peace keeper intervention ended there was a slight increase in gun homicides with the monthly average being 2.1, which was still a significant reduction....
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...“Prisons should focus more on rehabilitation and education than on punishment.” This argument will be presented to a group of law enforcement agency and then to a group of educators who are doing volunteer work in a prison. 2. Law enforcement agency: a. Strategy i. This is a group of law enforcement agency who I will assume have the knowledge of law enforcement to operate their ability to apply their restrictive powers. ii. The purpose of this argument is to persuade the law enforcement agency that it is in their best interest to support rehabilitation and education than punishment. iii. The contextual points will support the notion that what is better for prisoners as a whole will improve less population, drug abuse and crime in prison and in the long run. b. Argument: In order to have a society ran by people for the people, we must have order. It is up to law enforcement agency to ensure that prisoners are given a chance to re-enter society and become law-abiding citizens. It should be the mission of the government to rehabilitate the prisoner no matter the infraction. For example, if a prisoner has mental issues, there should be rehabilitative therapy implemented, so that the mental prisoner can be productive behind bars. Also by focusing on rehabilitation and education, it reduces recidivism and generates a positive return on tax payer investment. 3. Volunteer workers: a. Strategy i. This is a group of educators who are doing their...
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...their workers, since many workers like to post their comments on social media freely, which may related to the company’s secret information, hence, although many organizations do not have clear guidelines for prohibiting employees from using social media, they still take measures to monitor their employees’ behaviors on social media. In addition, many organizations do not have social media policy, even they have, and the enforcement of the policy is not effective. In this situation, the case study aims to find out resolutions for how the social media policy could be implemented effectively in organizations with Singapore Airlines as an example. Two issues, including enforcement challenges, and de-motivating staff due to monitoring them, will be discussed, and respective resolutions will be presented to each issue for better designing or implementing the social media policies. Enforcement challenges Many companies face with challenges when enforcing social media policy. For example, companies that have implemented social media policy say that the enforcement is not an easy task. Additionally, even though companies have highlight that staff should not post information related to anything about the organization, the rule is often not strongly enforced. Also, companies would ignore comments if the company’s name is not mentioned in the postings. Further more, employees feel averse to being watched. This means that it is hard for Singapore Airlines...
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...the law enforcement transition by disengaging from the philosophy of community police and exploring more aggressive practices. While community policing has been perceived as a tactic that increases public effectiveness through the engagement from members of the community, and law enforcement officers with one goal in mind; public safety. Such method of deploying officers, therefore, produced a bond as well as trust between society and police officers. However, in the past ten years other tactics such as intelligence led policing (ILP) have taken all resources and forced agencies to dismantle Community Policing Officers Units. This project will...
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...with minors in Criminal Justice and Sociology. The purpose of our meeting was to discuss her future plans with regard to her education and career. Her ultimate career goal is to work toward a career as a criminal profiler for a law enforcement agency. Our goals for the session were: 1. Research the Criminal Profiling career field to determine the education and experience requirements 2. Research further educational options (i.e. graduate schools and degrees) 3. Determine the various application deadlines and requirements for the different graduate schools/programs 4. Create an action plan for the next two weeks The theory I found most applicable when working with Allison was actually not one that we had discussed in our readings, but one that I knew of outside of the course and find to be very useful in these kinds of situations. I chose to use the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) by Robert Lent, Steven Brown and Gail Hackett. This theory is principally derived from Bandura’s social cognitive theory but blends in components of Krumboltz and many other prominent career development theories. It focuses on three components: self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and personal goals. Allison expressed an interest in a law enforcement career very early in her life. When most little girls were saying they wanted to be teachers or nurses, she wanted to be a police officer or a fire fighter. Later, she expressed an interest in being a biologist who works in a crime lab...
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...on crime & deviance With the functionalist emphasis on the importance of shared norms and values as the basis of social order, it would appear that deviance is a threat to order and should therefore be seen as a threat to society. Yet a functionalist analysis of deviance begins with society as a whole. It looks for the source of deviance in the nature of society rather than in the individual. They argue that social control mechanisms such as the police and the courts are necessary to keep deviance in check and to protect social order, as well as deviance being a necessary part of all societies and that it performs positive functions for social systems that even contribute to the maintenance and well being of society. They believe crime and deviance should be limited in order it to benefit all. Functionalists believe crime and deviance have positive functions such as crime and deviance acting like a warning device, some acts warn of problems that exist in the system. As a result, action can be taken to address the problem for example a child may skip school due to problems at home. As a result of the truancy the larger problems of abuse or cultural and material deprivation may be addressed and greater problems avoided. Crime and deviance could help society progress: today’s deviants are tomorrow’s innovators as people who challenge existing norms and values help to create better ways of living. For example Emily Pankhurst and the suffragettes helped create a more liberated...
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...University of Phoenix Material Appendix F Part I Define the following terms: |Term |Definition | |White privilege |It’s a social expression of a white person demanding to be treated as a member of a socially | | |privileged class. | |Racial profiling |The use of an individual’s race or ethnicity by law enforcement personnel as a key factor in deciding| | |whether to engage in enforcement. | |Racism | | | |Actions or beliefs that reflect the racial worldview. | |Reverse discrimination |Discrimination against members of a dominant or majority group including city or state. | Part II Complete the following using the MySocLab Social Explorer Map: Income Inequality by Race located on your student website: • Select 1 racial group from the list below: o African American o Asian American o Arab American o Hispanic American/Latino o White/Caucasian • Write a 250- to 350-word summary of...
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...SAMPLE DRUG TESTING AND ENFORCEMENT POLICY The following Drug Testing Policies are suggestions of policies that must be in place PRIOR to a store using drug testing with Employees. It is recommended that you create a written Drug Policy. Have it reviewed by your attorney. Then have all employees read, and sign, their acknowledgement of the policy PRIOR to beginning testing. Drug testing supplies are available to MHA members at: Drug-test-kits from Single Source Or by calling Single Source direct at 800.713.3412. MHA Members receive a 10% discount off regular pricing. [pic] DRUG POLICY SAMPLE 1 This policy provides [Company Name] employees with guidelines pertaining to drug and alcohol abuse during the normal course of employment. Scope: This policy applies to all employees of the company at all locations. Policy Statement: [Company Name] provides a safe and productive work environment for all employees. It is the policy of the Company that employees shall not be involved with the unlawful use, possession, sale, or transfer of drugs or narcotics in any manner that may impair their ability to perform assigned duties or otherwise adversely affect the Company's business. Further, employees shall not possess alcoholic beverages in the workplace or consume alcoholic beverages in association with the workplace or during work time. The specific purpose of this procedure is to outline the methods for maintaining a work environment free from the effects of alcohol/drug...
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...Subject] [Date] Racial Profiling and Law Enforcement Introduction Over the years racial profiling has become a significant topic especially among law enforcement agencies across the United States. Many cities and states have made a conscious effort to study racial profiling and ascertain how race and ethnicity play a significant role in stopping vehicles by law enforcement in their jurisdictions. Profiling refers to the practice of police that view certain characteristics as indicators of criminal behavior. It is the establishment of law enforcement practices that solves crime and develop prevention strategioes against crime. While, racial profiling is the new term for profiling. The change is partially because of the ambiguity that racial profiling has some confusions and controversories. The term racial profiling best decribes the situation where police arrests, questions or stops the person on the basis of race (Cleary 5). In regards to the racial profiling, the concern about it is erupting in the entire nation (Harcourt 18). Racial profiling is considered as the use of the individual’s ethnicity and race through the law enforcement personnel. In many of the jurisdiction, the practice of such acts is considered as illegal and controversial. United States have decided to work on the issues related to the racial profiling, that how the ethnicity and race play a part in order to stop the injustice through the law enforcement in relevance to their jurisdictions (Welch...
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...Introduction to Sociology January 29, 2012 Society defines community corrections as a set of penalties and sanctions given to people convicted of crimes that are unrelated to imprisonment. Community corrections frequently come in the form of probation or commuted sentencing from a parole board, often upon release from prison. Examples of these penalties include residence in halfway homes, monitoring by reporting centers, work release programs, house arrest, and general community supervision. Community corrections programs serve the purpose of monitoring behavior of the convicted criminal, evaluating the likelihood of recidivism, holding criminals accountable to monitoring standards, establishing rehabilitative programs that serve a positive socializing function, and contributing to financial efficiency goals of the community. The type of corrections program is typically adjusted across a range of factors, including supervision, rehabilitation, and counseling. Each of these interests has the long-term goal of reducing the risk of future criminal activity and keeping the community safe. The most properly functioning community corrections programs streamline punishments with the needs of the criminal based on active assessments and risk awareness (Belenko & Taxman, 2011). The idea is that these personalized programs will ultimately be more helpful than a simple stay in local penitentiary. The top priority when an offender enters a community corrections program is...
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...government to provide better protection for its people. In policing in past and now in the present there are many different perspectives of policing functions. These functions stem from different levels of law enforcement which includes the local, state, and federal organizational levels. These are very important parts of the criminal justice system, because every individual within these levels must be sure to protect citizens, enforce law, and perform the duties that are required of them in order to keep the United States safe from criminals and terrorist attacks from other foreign countries that might try to attack the United States. As years have passed on within policing, there are many possible future changes that will have an effect in the field of policing. Within each level of policing there are many different roles in which every individual in the policing field must take part in if they are going to be on the law enforcement team. I say this because this is a very serious 24/7 operation and the duties are never ending for each of the levels. The local law enforcement agencies were put in place to do routine patrol within the communities that are within their jurisdiction. Local police officers are also able to assist with emergency services, upholding traffic enforcement, and conduct criminal investigations. These local police officers overall role is to ensure that all...
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