...Research Methodology Post-Earthquake Relief Action Contents 1. Abstract 2. Background 3. Literature review 4. Aim 5. Hypothesis 6. Scope 7. Method of Data collection 8. Survey Questionnaire 9. Gujarat’s Vulnerability to Earthquake 10. Case Study: Bhuj Earthquake 11. Drawbacks of the Bhuj earthquake 12. Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority (GSDMA) 13. Data Analysis 14. Conclusion 15. Bibliography ABSTRACT India has been traditionally vulnerable to natural disasters on account of its unique geo-climatic conditions. Floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides have been recurrent phenomena. About 60% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of various intensities; over 40 million hectares is prone to floods; about 8% of the total area is prone to cyclones and 68% of the area is susceptible to drought. In the decade 1990-2000, an average of about 4344 people lost their lives and about 30 million people were affected by disasters every year. This paper emphasis on management during and after an disaster and readiness of the state in response to future earthquakes. BACKGROUND Many Natural Disasters in India have caused havoc to the life and property of citizens and nature as a whole from time to time. These disasters include Cyclones, Floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, Famines, Drought, and Landslides etc. Amongst all the ones mentioned floods and earthquakes are the most common in India...
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...Methodology 7 Sampling Design 8 Limitation of the report 9 Analysis of finding 10 Terminology 10 Findings 11 SQ 7 Caste Ethnicity * Q5 Support Fairly 3 SQ 8 Occupation * Q5 Support Fairly 6 SQ 8 Occupation * Q8 Post Earth quake 8 SQ 5 Age * Q8 Post Earth quake 10 SQ 5 Age * Q5 Support Fairly 11 SQ 6 Gender * Q1 Problem Addressed 13 Conclusion: 16 Annex 17 SQ 8 Occupation * Q1 Problem Addressed 17 SQ5Age * Q2Satisfied 18 SQ6Gender * Q2Satisfied 19 SQ7CasteEthnicity * Q2Satisfied 20 SQ8Occupation * Q2Satisfied 21 SQ5Age * Q3InfoReliefAndSupport 23 SQ6Gender * Q3InfoReliefAndSupport 24 SQ7CasteEthnicity * Q3InfoReliefAndSupport 25 SQ8Occupation * Q3InfoReliefAndSupport 26 SQ5Age * Q4NGoWork 28 SQ6Gender * Q4NGoWork 29 SQ7CasteEthnicity * Q4NGoWork 30 SQ8Occupation * Q4NGoWork 32 SQ6Gender * Q5SupportFairly 33 SQ 5 Age * Q6 Prepared For Winter 34 SQ 6 Gender * Q6 Prepared For Winter 35 SQ 7 Caste Ethnicity * Q6 Prepared For Winter 37 SQ 8 Occupation * Q6 Prepared For Winter 38 SQ 5 Age * Q7 Problem rel Children 39 SQ 6 Gender * Q7 Problem rel Children 41 SQ 7 Caste Ethnicity * Q7 Problem rel Children 42 SQ 8 Occupation * Q7 Problem rel Children 43 SQ 7 Caste Ethnicity * Q8 Post Earth quake 44 SQ 5 Age * Q9 Increase Voilence 45 SQ 6 Gender * Q9 Increase Voilence 46 SQ 7 Caste Ethnicity * Q9 Increase Violence 47 SQ 8 Occupation * Q9 Increase Violence 49 SQ 5 Age * Q1 Problem Addressed Cross tabulation...
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...its diverse range of terrain and existence of fault lines, the country is susceptible to wide ranging hazards from earthquake to droughts and floods to cyclones. Pakistan has suffered floods almost every year as monsoon rains cause rivers to outflow from their banks. The country also experiences earthquake regularly ranging from moderate to severe in intensity. We have been suffering from drought like situation of varying degrees from many years and the coastal areas are prone to cyclones. There is no comprehensive, integrated disaster management policy at national level for dealing with major disasters like earthquake of 2005 and floods of 2010 and 2011 partially due to limited resources, economic instability and partially due to absence of well trained and equipped disaster management infrastructure. We also lack proper system for disaster prevention and preparedness that could ensure effective mitigation to reduce the loss of life and property damage in the face of a natural disaster. 2. Disaster management is unfortunately seen as provision of relief rather than the management of all of its phases and long term management of risk. We therefore need a comprehensive preparedness, prevention and mitigation strategy with a view to better manage and coordinate activities of various line ministries, departments and civil society. Pakistan has a traditional relief and response oriented disaster management system, however over a short period of time it is experiencing constructive...
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...However, often the scale of the disaster is so huge that only an international response can meet the challenge. In such cases, the international community, acting through the United Nations and its various agencies and other inter-governmental and non-governmental bodies, has provided succour. Although disasters can be natural, technological and conflictrelated, this paper addresses only natural disasters in the region. A natural hazard is an extreme natural phenomenon that threatens human lives, activities or property, or the environment of life. Natural disasters are the destructive consequences of extreme natural hazards, and globally there are more than 700 of them each year. Floods are the most common natural disaster. Together with earthquakes and cyclonic storms they are the most destructive of such manifestations.1 Despite the efforts at mitigation, natural disasters have not diminished in number or intensity. Natural disasters still take a toll of 140,000 lives each year on an average. More than 280,000 lives...
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...magnitude 7.0 earthquake that struck Haiti in 2010 left the country in ruins. The world received its first glimpse of the destruction not through traditional media outlets, but through social networking sites. Through Facebook and Twitter, Oxfam International raised $110,000 in “Help Earthquake Survivors in Haiti Cause” and raised awareness emergency relief efforts. Management Sciences for Health (MSH) used social networks to attempt communication with and locate missing staff members. Social media exerted its power, as MSH was able to account for all staff members. Social media has become a potent force in the realm of science and medicine; it has revolutionized disaster relief and medical treatment globally....
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...2824 NON-ENGINEERED CONSTRUCTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES –AN APPROACH TOWARD EARTHQUAKE RISK PREDUCTION Anand S ARYA1 SUMMARY The paper first discusses some issues in regard to earthquake risk reduction of Non-engineered buildings, such as : Earthquake risk in developing countries and its management, the IDNDR – Yokoyama message emphasising on pre-disaster mitigation and preparedness, earthquake damage reduction initiatives taken such as preparation of building codes and guidelines and disaster mitigation for sustainable development. Then, the major causes of severe damage observed in nonengineered buildings in the past earthquakes are presently briefly and critical elements to be incorporated in new constructions are highlighted. Methodology for seismic retrofitting of stone houses developed, implemented and verified by the author in the field is introduced. Next, costs and benefits of earthquake prevention measures are indicated. Finally a practically feasible and economically viable scheme of earthquake resistant new building construction and seismicretrofitting of existing unsafe buildings is outlined. INTRODUCTION The non-engineered buildings considered in this paper are those which are spontaneously and informally constructed in various countries in the traditional manner without any or little intervention by qualified architects and engineers in their design. Such buildings involve field stone, fired brick, concrete blocks, adobe or rammed earth, wood...
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...seen an increasing number of natural disasters with alarming intensity – the 2001 Bhuj earthquake; the 2004 tsunami; the 2005 earthquake in Kashmir; heavy rainfall in Mumbai in 2006; the 2008 Bihar Kosi river flood; the August 2010 cloud burst in Leh; the September 2011 Sikkim earthquake; and, most recently, in June, the unprecedented flash floods and cloudbursts in Garhwal, parts of Kumaon and Nepal, and Kinnaur region of Himachal Pradesh. Each of these disasters has seen the active involvement of the armed forces in the relief operations. The military’s primary task is to guard the nation’s borders. In matters domestic, the military is supposed to be a second respondent, except in the case of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear incidences. Theoretically, the principle is “last to enter and first to leave”. However, when theory is matched with practice, this does not seem to be the case. According to the Administrative Reforms Commissions, the military needs to be taken off from the loop of disaster management gradually. While it may sound sensible on paper, it is not really possible in practice. The civil administration is usually not properly geared up for an effective response. It needs to be noted that discipline and efficiency is the first demand in disaster response and relief tasks, which are often dangerous missions and quite naturally the military brings in order in post-disaster operations. Wherever there is danger, the military has a constitutional duty to...
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...the responses of people and governments. * Research contrasting locations and hazard events to draw out the range of tectonic activity and the different responses generated. Report title: ‘Tectonic hazard profiles determine the way in which people and governments respond to hazards’. Discuss ------------------------------------------------- Student’s plan: Intro – definitions Park model THP factors Magnitude – Lincolnshire, Iripinia Speed onset - Popocatepetl, Kashmir Areal Extent – tsunami Other factors - economic development Scientific understanding Location Conclusion - why chose case studies Nevado del Ruiz Loma Prieta Introduction Tectonic hazards pose significant challenges to humans. Earthquakes alone have claimed over 1 million lives in the last 100 years. A tectonic hazard can be defined as an event occurring due to movement or deformation of the earth’s crust with the potential to...
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...Introduction Natural Hazard any natural event which has an adverse socio-economic impact on the human being. Alternatively, an extreme natural event, such as a cyclone, an earthquake or a flood, that is not caused by human beings. These are naturally occurring phenomena that only become hazardous due to the intervention of human infrastructure. The vulnerability of human infrastructure to destruction (risk) by a disaster is also an important factor in understanding natural hazards. The distribution and impact of natural hazards is unequal with greatest loss of life and property in the developing part of the world. This is not because of greater hazard frequency but simply because of greater vulnerability. Therefore, the people in the developing countries are at high risk than those of developed countries. Combining the risk factor the natural hazard can be defined as the probability of a change in the natural environment of a given magnitude occurring within specified time period in a given area while the associated risk is the consequent damage or loss of life, property and services. The frequency of major hazard appears to have increased since 1960 and the number of people killed each year has decreased at a rate of about 6% and the loss or property has also decreased steadily. This has taken place owing to increased awareness and better hazard management. The increase in the frequency of hazard can be assigned to such factors as better global news coverage, increasing population...
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...fierce earthquake struck Port-au-Prince, Haiti causing a crowded hospital to collapse, leveled countless dwellings, and brought even more suffering to a nation that was already the poorest and most disaster-prone in its hemisphere. Haiti has also gone through multiple previous natural disasters. When Haiti was a French colony, French historian recorded many earthquakes. In Port-au-Prince in the year 1757, one earthquake was so big that only one stonework building hadn’t collapsed. In 1770, the whole city of Port-au-Prince collapsed due to an earthquake according to Moreau de Saint-Mery. North of Haiti, Dominican Republic, and the Sans-Souci Palace, other towns were demolished from an earthquake on May of 1842. An earthquake with a magnitude of 8.0 hit the Dominican Republic and made Haiti shake on August of 1946, producing a killer tsunami that took the lives of 1,790 people and injured others. The Haiti earthquake of January 2010 consisted a magnitude of 7.0, that occurred local approximately sixteen miles from Port-au-Prince with 8.1 miles as its depth. Occuring on blind thrust faults connected with the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault system. There is no evidence of surface rupture. Recorded in Port-au-Prince on the Modified Mercalli scale, there was intense shaking connected with intensity IX. The earthquake was a result of a rupture of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault that was locked for 250 years, all the while collecting stress. Because the earthquake occurred...
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...Coordination Meeting Jakarta, 15 November 2010 Current Update of Disasters in Indonesia 1. Disaster events since the beginning of October 2010, ranging from flash floods in the province of Wasior, West Papua in October 4, 2010, earthquake and tsunami in the Mentawai Islands of West Sumatra province on October 25, 2010, when the rehabilitation and reconstruction after earthquake in West Sumatra-30 September 2009 still underway, and the on-going eruption of Mount Merapi in Central Java and Yogyakarta until now. 2. These caused a large numbers of deaths, injured, missing and displaced persons; damages on public infrastructures, impediment on basic services and losses on livelihoods in the disaster affected areas NO 1 LOCATION Flash flood in Wasior, West Papua Province STATUS • Emergency response expired at 15 November 2010. • Assessment of damage and losses have been conducted, with the total damage and losses of Rp 280,58 billion. • Action Plan for the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction is under completion by Bappenas and BNPB. • The emergency response will be expired on the 3rd week of November 2010. • BNPB, Bappenas and local government collaborate to collect and verify data for damages and losses assessment, and soon will prepare the Action Plan for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction. • The priority at present is to provide shelter and promptly distribute humanitarian logistics for the displaced persons • Eruption continues, emergency response...
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...geological conditions and atmosphere are called as Planetary Disasters. These disasters have further been classified into – Terrestrial and Atmospheric disasters. Disasters that remain confined to land and bottoms of oceans are called as terrestrial disasters. Volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides and mine disasters are some examples of terrestrial disasters. Atmospheric disasters are caused due to atmospheric events. Tropical cyclones, droughts, floods etc. are some examples of atmospheric disasters. Disasters occurring due to collisions between the earth and space bodies or due to physical forces between them are called as extra-planetary disasters. High tide waves, hurricanes, landslides, movements of rocks, changes in sea level, biological extinctions etc. are examples of extra- planetary disasters. Disasters that are caused due to human intervention in the natural processes or due to his activities related to development and war are called as man- made disasters. Occurrence of epidemics, nuclear hazards, industrial accidents, biological war fares, bioterrorism etc. are man- made or human induced disasters. In modern age, so many of the natural disasters like earthquakes etc. have become man- made disasters due to human activities of building mega dams and large scale developmental projects. Management and Mitigation of Disasters We know that disasters whether natural or man- made, are very dangerous and destructive. We just cannot do anything to stop...
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...Chapter 7: Statutory Authority Chapter Outline 1. Introduction of topics and concepts to be discussed in the chapter. a. Legal basis of modern emergency management in the United States. b. Budget authority. c. Program eligibility. d. Roles and responsibilities. 2. Case Studies a. The National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP): Legislation to Address a Particular Hazard b. The Homeland Security Act of 2002: A New Emergency Management c. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000: A Shift to Pre-Disaster Mitigation 3. Additional Sources of Information 4. Glossary of Terms 5. Acronyms 6. Discussion Questions a. General b. NEHRP c. Homeland Security Act of 2002 d. DMA 2000 7. Suggested Out of Class Exercises Introduction No emergency management system anywhere in the world can properly function without statutory authority and consistent budget appropriations. Statutory authority defines disasters programs, determines who is eligible for these programs, provides the legal support needed to implement disaster programs and establishes the legal foundation for funding the programs and activities of the disaster agency. Without such authority, a government agency is powerless. Legal Basis of Modern Emergency Management in the United States The first recorded emergency management legislation in the United States occurred in 1803 when a Congressional Act was passed to provide financial...
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...The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake At 5:12 a.m. on April 18, 1906, the people of San Francisco were abruptly awaken to one of the world’s most expensive and impacting earthquakes of the 20th century. The magnitude of the earthquake is debatable, ranging from 7.7 to as high as 8.2. However, the most accepted Richter measurement is 7.9. This is debated because Charles Richtor developed his scale in 1935, after the killer quake. The main shock epicenter occurred offshore 3.2 km from the city, near Mussel Rock. It ruptured along the San Andreas Fault northward and southward for 476 km (296 miles). The quake was felt from Oregon to Los Angeles, inland as far as Nevada. Though the earthquake was impacting in itself, it lasted less than a minute and the most damage was done by the resulting fire that lasted 4 days. The earthquake bears inexhaustible remembrance as one of the worst natural disasters in the history of the United States and has had lasting social, fiscal, and political impact. The death toll is uncertain, but modern calculations approximate about 3,000 deaths at a minimum. The death toll alone is a very debated topic, and has had a large impact by itself. Initially it was said that only 478 people had died. It is speculated that the official tally of 478 was employed by the city coroner, who added 100 to the 378 bodies that showed up at the morgue. Some uncertainty in the toll exists because government officials felt that reporting the true death toll would lower...
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...uphold the stated human rights. The humanitarian aid programme help to provide the vital and basic human needs during a stage of sever poverty, disaster relief and post or present war. Their main intention is to deploy medical and rescue teams to minimise any potential suffering. UN agencies are fully responsible for all the aiding programmes and personnel exported and the UN office coordinates the humanitarian affairs. Disaster relief is similar to the humanitarian aid, yet disaster relief is more specialist personnel. Such as; specific teams to supply food, shelter, water and various other resources. The EU, for example donated over $600 million towards disaster relief to the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka. The UN and NATO are heavily involved in peacekeeping operations. Security and peace though- out the world is one of the main goals for the international institutions. The UN currently has 16 peacekeeping missions active. In countries such as Sudan and Cyprus. And NATO is involved in three countries, Afghanistan, Iraq and Kosovo. Reconstruction provides humanitarian aid to the rebuilding of the country/ region. It’s to give post reconstruction of a country which has been damaged by conflict or natural disasters. The EU, UN and NATO were involved in the reconstruction of Haiti, hurricane Katrina and the Pakistan earthquake in 2005. The organisations provide support and assistance to asylum seekers and refugees. The UN provides this support though the office of United Nations...
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