* According to Keynes, ‘a positive science may be defined as a body of systematized knowledge. Concerning what is; a normative science as a body of systematized knowledge relating to criteria of what ought to be and concerned with the ideal as distinguished from the actual’. * Positive science is concerned with what is, while normative science is concerned with what ought to be. * A positive science studies the existing facts but does not comment on whether the existing state is desirable; but a normative science comments on the desirability or otherwise of the observed facts in the context of the ideal or ‘norm’. * In positive science we only observe facts. We do not comment whether things are ethically or morally right. We do not pass any judgment regarding the rightness or wrongness of the thing. * We do not comment on what should be the level of income, prices, employment or how national income should be distributed etc. * In short we do not comment on what ought to be or what not ought to be. * In normative science it involves value judgments, that is, it is concerned with what should be the level of national income or wage rate; how national income should national income be distributed etc. * To sum up, we can say that while positive science is based on logic or scientific reasons , normative science is based on moral, ethical and philosophical beliefs of the people. * Positive science is descriptive in nature and normative science is descriptive in nature; one describes while the other prescribes.