...July 2012 IJPSS Volume 2, Issue 7 ISSN: 2249-5894 _________________________________________________________ Feelings of Beggars on Begging Life and their Survival Livelihoods in Urban Areas of Central Tanzania Baltazar M.L. Namwata* Maseke R. Mgabo , PROVIDENT DIMOSO* __________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT This paper is a result of the study conducted with the objective of examining street beggars and begging life in Dodoma and Singida Municipalities in Central Tanzania. The current paper examined the feelings of street beggars on begging life and their survival livelihoods in urban areas of central Tanzania. This study employed a cross-sectional research design. The population of the study consisted of street beggars and non-street beggars, municipal officials, councilors, business people and community members. This was done for triangulating and enriching data that were collected from street beggars. The study found that most of sampled beggars felt very bad towards begging life and saw begging activity as an immoral conduct. Street beggars obtained their basic necessities from different sources. Furthermore, it was found that begging flourishes because community tends to be generous to beggars. The study recommends that awareness programmes need to be conducted for the poor so as to help them realize how shameful begging is. Step towards banning, or discourage begging should be welcome. Families where beggars ...
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...Sociology should abandon the task of acquiring truth about an objective reality and accept all sociological accounts have equal validity. No one theory can point the way to a modern Utopia. Developments now occurring are profound. What’s happening is a movement beyond modernity and a postmodern era is arriving. Modern societies took their inspiration from the idea that history has s shape, i.e. that it goes somewhere and leads to progress. The possibility of gaining knowledge of the world is known as modernism. The destruction of this optimism is an origin of postmodernism. It’s argued it’s not possible to arrive at a final truth about society and attempts to do so are dangerous, e.g. Marxist doctrine led to regime in Stalinist Russia. Lyotard argues there are no longer grand narratives which make sense. In a postmodern world where structural theories are obsolete and it’s inevitable that multiple claims for truth compete with each other. Therefore postmodernists claim knowledge is pluralistic. Postmodernists celebrate relativism and pluralism, emphasising people work through who they are in different ways, rather than finding out who they are on the basis of science and moral absolutes. Recently there have been changes which have caused a debate about the future of modernity: * Intellectual life is dominated by a crisis of faith in the big modern ideas of science, progress and reason * Rapid population growth and urbanisation taking place in underdeveloped world...
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...Mapping the Modern “An argumentative essay on ‘Gender’ through comparison and contrast of the views of authorities who are postmodern practitioners” Introduction Defining postmodernism as well as gender is an extremely difficult task if not impossible. This essay is an argument on the two postmodernist’s concept on ‘Gender’. This essay argues posing foucauldian postmodernism of Judith Butler against Baudrillardean post modernism of Arthur and Marilouse Kroker with analysis on both their ideas on gender including sex and sexuality. This essay also argues that these two approaches are fully flawed for a number of important reasons. This essay offered an argument on the ideas of two of the most prominent postmodernists in the field of ‘Gender’ including sex and sexuality namely Judith Bultler and Discussion Postmodernism of Judith Butler Judith Butler is one among the most influential proponent of postmodern practitioner of gender including sex and sexuality. In Gender Trouble It is stated that identity of gender constitutes the very expressions which are its results and does not go beyond the expressions of gender. Butler does not consider gender as an appropriate social as well as natural expressions of a sexed body, but it is a fluid identity which is always in a deferral state ad does not exist fully at any given point of time (Norris, 2010). She does not believe in the notion of a stable and essential identity of gender manifesting itself by way of external activities...
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...POSTMODERN APPROACHES Solution-Focused and Narrative Therapies Key Terms: Alternative story- a story that develops in counseling in contradiction to the dominant story that is embedded in a problem. Co-authoring- a co-joint process where client and counselor share responsibility for developing alternative stories. Deconstruction- exploring meaning by taking apart/unpacking the taken-for-granted categories and assumptions underlying social practices that are guised as truths. Dominant story- understanding a situation that is accepted within a culture that appears to represent reality. Dominant stories are developed through conversations in social and cultural contexts and these stories shape how people construct and constitute what people see, feel, and do. Exception questions- SF counselors inquire about times when the problem(s) have not been problematic. Shows that problems are not ever existing and always overpowering. Externalizing conversation- a way of speaking about a problem as if it is a distant entity, separate of the person. Based on the premise that people who view themselves as the problem limit themselves to the extent they cannot effectively deal with the problem. Formula first session task- observation homework given that must be completed between first and second session. They must observe what is happening in their lives that they want to continue to happening. Mapping-the-influence questions- a series of questions asked about a problem...
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...anomie - social instability, alienation and a sense of purposelessness cause by a steady erosion of standards and values. apodictic truth - an imaginary concept of truth in which it is supposed that we know something with absolute certainty. To be an apodictic truth there must be no possibility of mistake commodification - the subordination of public and private realms to the logic of capitalism. In other words, things (e.g., friendship, women) are valued for their commercial value. With commodification aspects of our lives that are culturally conditioned take on the mythology of being "natural." critical reading - to read in a way that looks for fallacies and defects in the writing. It is to be contrasted with "reading generously." This distinction between generous and critical reading is analogous to a parallel distinction between generous and critical listening. critical theory - Although the term is sometimes used more broadly, in most contexts it refers to the school of thought represented by the "Frankfurt School," which is a school of thought that combines psychoanalysis and Marxism. deconstruction - A term that, for all practical purposes, was introduced in the literature by Derrida. It means to undermine the conceptual order imposed by a concept that has captivated our imaginations and ways of seeing things. (See Shawver, 1996) see "deconstruction quilt" discourse - sometimes this term refers to any kind of talk, but often it refers to particular unified...
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...reading experience. When discussing the postmodern literature, Calvino’s novel of 1979 “If on a winter's night a traveler” definitely is a work that is worth to be examined within this context. While ascribing the features of the postmodern fiction to a specified work at times can prove to be an undertaking that is both controversial and challenging in nature. This novel has proven to be both fascinating and also to be innovative work of the fiction which is postmodern. “If on a winter's night a traveler” authored by Italo Calvino, is a postmodern novel since it deviates from the obvious objectivity provided by the omniscient external narration normally found in nearly all traditional books(Calvino & William, pp.13-18). All through chapter two, Calvino employs second person viewpoint, where he narrates of the readers of the novel, are the key characters in his plot. The author constantly employs the pronoun “you” in making the reader to feel more engaged in what is happening and points out directly the relationship between the author, the text, and the readers. Self-reflectivity also is found in nearly all postmodern novels are well-known to possess. Calvino’s novel portrays numerous remarkable literary devices that use “key characteristics’’ postmodern fiction as illustrated in the parameters summarized by Tim Woods in Beginning postmodernism which was his publication (Woods, pp.65-66). This essay will try illuminating some of the postmodern characteristics which are present in...
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...Casino (1995) Postmodern Gangster Thriller A Universal Studios Film. Directed by Martin Scorsese. Written by Nicholas Pileggi and Martin Scorsese. Book by Nicholas Pileggi. Produced by Barbara De Fina. Cinematography by Robert Richardson. Edited by Thelma Schoonmaker. Casting by Ellen Lewis. Production Design by Dante Ferreti. Art Direction by Jack G. Taylor. Set Decoration by Rick Simpson. Costume Design by Rita Ryack and John Dunn. Running Time: 178 minutes. Cast: Robert De Niro (Sam “Ace” Rothstein), Sharon Stone (Ginger McKenna), Joe Pesci (Nicky Santoro), James Woods (Lester Diamond), Don Rickles (Billy Sherbert), Alan King (Andy Stone), Kevin Pollack (Phillip Green), L.Q. Jones (Dick Webb), Dick Smothers (Senator), Frank Vincent (Frank Marino), John Bloom (Don Ward), Pasquale Cajano (Remo Gaggi), Melissa Prophet (Jennifer Santoro), Bill Allison (John Nance), Vinny Vella (Artie Piscano) “This is a fictional story with fictional characters adapted from a true story.” This disclaimer which appears during the ending credits to Martin Scorsese’s 1995 film Casino seems to epitomize this Postmodern gangster film’s tenuous relationship to reality. Although based on the actual lives of gangsters Frank “Lefty” Rosenthal and Tony “The Ant” Spilotro, screenwriters Scorsese and Nicholas Pileggi opted to take enormous liberties with the historical data on the two men. The resulting disclaimer, confusing and seemingly selfcontradictory, reflects Postmodernism’s lack of faith in objective...
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...reading experience. When discussing the postmodern literature, Calvino’s novel of 1979 “If on a winter's night a traveler” definitely is a work that is worth to be examined within this context. While ascribing the features of the postmodern fiction to a specified work at times can prove to be an undertaking that is both controversial and challenging in nature. This novel has proven to be both fascinating and also to be innovative work of the fiction which is postmodern. “If on a winter's night a traveler” authored by Italo Calvino, is a postmodern novel since it deviates from the obvious objectivity provided by the omniscient external narration normally found in nearly all traditional books(Calvino & William, pp.13-18). All through chapter two, Calvino employs second person viewpoint, where he narrates of the readers of the novel, are the key characters in his plot. The author constantly employs the pronoun “you” in making the reader to feel more engaged in what is happening and points out directly the relationship between the author, the text, and the readers. Self-reflectivity also is found in nearly all postmodern novels are well-known to possess. Calvino’s novel portrays numerous remarkable literary devices that use “key characteristics’’ postmodern fiction as illustrated in the parameters summarized by Tim Woods in Beginning postmodernism which was his publication (Woods, pp.65-66). This essay will try illuminating some of the postmodern characteristics which are present in...
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...Among my peers I would see a major distaste for art they would see as lazy or uninteresting. The main debate within this topic is whether modern/postmodern styles of art, or other contemporary styles, can even be considered art, mostly due to their simplicity or seeming lack of imagination. I have seen many arguments against contemporary art, one of my articles, the one by Michael Bise, is especially harsh in its criticism towards the works of Josephine Meckseper. The author of this article went on to talk about how there was no meaning behind this simple art, and that the “art was bad” (Bise). I have not, so far, been able to find any scholarly or credible resources on why modern art is good and can be considered art, but I will continue to support this idea with factual statements alongside my own opinions and definitions. Many of the arguments used in the art world as bias against modern...
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...Reading the Novel in English 1950–2000 i RTNA01 1 13/6/05, 5:28 PM READING THE NOVEL General Editor: Daniel R. Schwarz The aim of this series is to provide practical introductions to reading the novel in both the British and Irish, and the American traditions. Published Reading the Modern British and Irish Novel 1890–1930 Reading the Novel in English 1950–2000 Daniel R. Schwarz Brian W. Shaffer Forthcoming Reading the Eighteenth-Century Novel Paula R. Backscheider Reading the Nineteenth-Century Novel Harry E. Shaw and Alison Case Reading the American Novel 1780–1865 Shirley Samuels Reading the American Novel 1865–1914 G. R. Thompson Reading the Twentieth-Century American Novel James Phelan ii RTNA01 2 13/6/05, 5:28 PM Reading the Novel in English 1950–2000 Brian W. Shaffer iii RTNA01 3 13/6/05, 5:28 PM © 2006 by Brian W. Shaffer BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Brian W. Shaffer to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and...
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...Tiffany Tyler World Culture I Strayer University Assignment 3 December 08, 2011 The NC Art Museum The North Carolina Museum is very awesome I was very amazed by what I begin to see while entering in the museum. This museum has a lot of painting all from 1947 on up until now. It is not one painting that you can walk pass and keep walking by. You will have to stop and take a look and read up on what this painting is and how it got to this museum. The paintings are from all type of painters from every culture. Egyptian, Europe, Italian, and contemporary art is all over this museum. The Museum is actively building the collection with recent acquisitions, including a gift from the Iris and B. Gerald Cantor Foundation of 30 works by Auguste Rodin, making the NCMA the leading repository of this artist’s work in the southeastern United States. A promised gift of mid- to late-20th-century art from the collection of Jim and Mary Patton includes works by Jackie Ferrara, Adolph Gottlieb, Ellsworth Kelly, Per Kirkeby, David Park, and Sean Scully. Other new works include pieces by artists El Anatsui, Roxy Paine, Jaume Plensa, and Ursula von Rydingsvard. The 164-acre Museum Park is home to more than a dozen monumental works of art, with artists actively involved in the restoration of the Park’s landscape and the integration of art into its natural systems. This is an African painting called the Night Flight Dread and Delight ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...Essay zu Walter Benjamin „Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit“ mit Bezügen zu Friedrich Kittler „Grammophon Film Typewriter“ Kunstwerke sind jeher reproduzierbar gewesen. Was jedoch erst mühevoll von geübter Hand geschaffen werden musste, dann durch Verfahren wie Druck- oder Gusstechniken erleichtert wurde, erledigen Maschinen schließlich mühelos. Doch die Reproduktion durch technische Hilfsmittel bleibt nicht die bloße Möglichkeit, Plagiate anzufertigen, die Techniken werden selbst zu eigenständigen Verfahrensweisen der Kunst. Neue Medien, wie Fotografie und Film entwickeln eine eigene Bildsprache, die in den altbewährten Maßstäben der Kunst nicht länger angemessen beurteilt werden kann. Wo zu Zeiten der manuellen Reproduktionstechniken das Original seine Autorität gegenüber der Kopie bewahrte, als das „Echte“ von ihr zu unterscheiden war, spielt im Zeitalter der technischen Reproduzierbarkeit der Begriff des Originals keine Rolle mehr. Es ist weder möglich, noch sinnvoll, einem von zwei Abzügen desselben Negativs den Status des Originals zuzusprechen; ganz im Gegenteil: es ist Teil der Kulturtechnik Film, wie Fotografie das Einzelne unverändert und ununterscheidbar zu vervielfältigen. Darüber hinaus erlaubt die technische Reproduktion, die Betrachtung auf ein Kunstwerk durch ein neues Medium, einen neuen, anderen, geschärften Blick auf das Objekt; Zeitlupe, Detailaufnahme, Panorama lenken die Aufmerksamkeit in völlig neue Richtungen. Und...
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...Various forms of art emerged in the twentieth and twenty first centuries, many of which represented new ideas and attempted to be regarded as different to and better than what was before. These art movements rejected the traditional customs, beliefs, and practices of the art that came before it, cleaning the slate in order to begin again. Many artistic movements undertook this challenge to reinvent the arts, often attempting to reject societal, political, or cultural values, although these values often conflict. The movements of Dada, Punk, and Futurism exhibit similarities in their rejection of past traditions, though they differ in the ways that they express their rejection and their ideals. These similarities can be seen through examples of Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain, exerts from “Futurist Manifesto and Futurist Painting: Technical Manifesto”, and the Sex Pistols’ “Anarchy in the U.K.”. The first movement in discussion which is typified by the rejection of tradition is Dadaism. Emerging in reaction to World War I, Dada was an anti-art movement which rejected the social, political, and cultural values of the capitalist society, instead, choosing to express “nonsense, irrationality, and anti-bourgeois protests” through their art. Dadaist artists embraced elements of “art, music, poetry, theatre, dance, and politics” in order to express their dissatisfaction with violence, war, and nationalism (Surfeitt, 2011). Dada was a movement known for being more of a “state of mind rather...
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...THE ART OF PERFORMANCE A CRITICAL ANTHOLOGY edited by GREGORY BATTCOCK AND ROBERT NICKAS /ubu editions 2010 The Art of Performance A Critical Anthology 1984 Edited By: Gregory Battcock and Robert Nickas /ubueditions ubu.com/ubu This UbuWeb Edition edited by Lucia della Paolera 2010 2 The original edition was published by E.P. DUTTON, INC. NEW YORK For G. B. Copyright @ 1984 by the Estate of Gregory Battcock and Robert Nickas All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper or broadcast. Published in the United States by E. P. Dutton, Inc., 2 Park Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 79-53323 ISBN: 0-525-48039-0 Published simultaneously in Canada by Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited, Toronto 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 First Edition Vito Acconci: "Notebook: On Activity and Performance." Reprinted from Art and Artists 6, no. 2 (May l97l), pp. 68-69, by permission of Art and Artists and the author. Russell Baker: "Observer: Seated One Day At the Cello." Reprinted from The New York Times, May 14, 1967, p. lOE, by permission of The New York Times...
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...CHRISTIAN ETHICS IN A POSTMODERN WORLD The Rise of Postmodernity Since Federico de Onis’s use of the term ‘postmodernismo’ to describe the Spanish and Latin-American poetry of 1905-1914 which had reacted against the ‘excess’ of modernism in 1934, (Rose 1991: 171) “Postmodernism” became very popular. It has been used in the fields of art (Christo-Bakargiev 1987), architecture (Pevsner 1967), literature (Hassan 1971), video, economics, films (James 1991), ideology (Larrain 1994: 90-118), theology (Tilley at al 1995), and philosophy (Griffin et al 1993). In trying to understand ‘postmodern’, we have to understand ‘modern’ first. According to Rose (1991: 1), there are many related yet different meanings associated with the term ‘modern’. First of all, Arnold J. Toynbee understands modern as referring to the historical phenomenon of The most significant of the conclusions that suggest themselves is that the word ‘modern’ in the term ‘Modern Western Civilization’, can, without inaccuracy, be given a more precise and concrete connotation by being translated ‘middle class’. Western communities became ‘modern’ in the accepted Modern Western meaning of the word, just as soon as they had succeeded in producing a bourgeoisie that was both numerous enough and competent enough to become the predominant element in society. We think of the new chapter of Western history that opened at the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries as being ‘modern’ par excellence because...
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