Potential effects of life factors and events on the development of an individual.
By Amy Stephens

P2, P3

2015
Amy J
[Type the company name]
1/1/2015

In this assignment I will be explaining the potential effects of different life factors towards and individual and then I'll try to explain the influences that come from these effects including two life events of the development of an individual. The five factors that can have an effect on someone's development and the ones I will be talking about are Biological, Genetic, Environmental, Life style and Socioeconomic.
P2: Explain the potential effects of five different life factors on the development of an individual on two particular life stages. My two chosen life stages are childhood and the mother of the child so adulthood. The first potential life factor that can have an effect on an individual's development throughout their life is Biological factors, this factors includes Foetal alcohol syndrome, Infections during pregnancy and also the effects of an individual's diet. The environment inside a women's womb can have a dramatic influence on the development of the child for example if a women was to smoke regularly throughout pregnancy then the nicotine can have an effect on the foetus and its development. This is because nicotine can limit the amount of blood and nutrition that reaches the foetus, children that are born mothers that smoke during pregnancy are known to weight a lot less than a regular baby would and they can be more prone to infections. Nicotine can also cause a child to difficulties in school regarding to their attention and learning.
Mothers that drink alcohol regularly throughout pregnancy can make their child are born with Foetal alcohol syndrome. The alcohol consumed will pass through the mothers blood and through the placenta in to the baby's blood, because a baby's liver is one of the last organs to fully develop it means that the baby cannot process the alcohol as well as the mother can.This can have an effect on that child's development because alcohol damages the cells in a baby's body which are necessary for the growth and it also disrupts the connection of the nerves in the brain which can cause problems with a child's development and learning. By being born with this condition babies will be a lot smaller in comparison with another that has been through a regular pregnancy and they may have heart defects or learning difficulties this is because the connection between the nerves in the brain has been damage. There are certain issues that have been associated with drinking whilst being pregnant and these are chances of having a miscarriage, a stillbirth and a premature labor, this condition can also create some very distinctive facial features for a baby which include having small eyes that are set far apart, having a thin upper lip and having a smooth philtrum. As we can clearly see drinking alcohol and smoking during pregnancy can have a lot of effects on a child's development! Another individual who can be affected by this is the mother (Adult) who gives birth to a child with this syndrome, as their child grows up and begins to go to school there are many problem they will face for example bullying. This can make both the child and also the mother feel terrible, the mother will blame herself for consuming alcohol whist being pregnant and may find it extremity difficult to deal with the problems that arise from having a child with this, she also may be bullied and have other individuals think badly of her which can make her self-esteem weaker and potentially cause her to become depressed and turn to the drink again which will make her feel like a bad mother. Also because children that are born with this syndrome tend to have attachment issues both the mother and child may have a negative effect to this feeling unloved and unwanted.
The child can potentially be bullied by the way they look, by potentially having hygiene issues, having feeding and toileting issues and sometimes being loud and hyperactivity, individuals at this Childs school will see them as being "different" and "weird". The bullying this child may encounter can be verbal r physical and both of which may continue throughout their life and it can stay with them which can cause depression and self mutilation.
Another biological influence is infections during pregnancy. There are some infections for example Rubella which is a type of measles and cytomegalovirus which is herpes type virus that can attack the foetus if the mother becomes infected. If a mother becomes infected from rubella within the first month of pregnancy then the baby can be born with impaired hearing or eyesight or even a damaged heart. In order to prevent these risk women will usually get vaccinated against the disease. Cytomegalovirus is a virus that can cause learning difficulties and hearing impairments. The extents at which these biological influences (infections) before giving birth can have an effect on the quality of a person's life will depend on the way in which disabled or impaired people are treated by others. I think the mother can also be effected by the negatively because if she does not get vaccinated she will be upset especially if her child is born with congenital rubella syndrome because then the child is likely to suffer from impairments and a damaged brain and heart function. Also as this babies grows up to become an adult there are some effects from not be vaccinated from these which are suffering from thyroid conditions and diabetes and it’s also likely they will have disturbances in their behaviour. However if the mother is vaccinated she and the baby will have a smaller chance of catching an infections, which can mean that her baby will be born healthy and fully functioning with no problems which can make her feel happy!
The final biological influence that I will be talking about is the effects of a diet. An individual's biological life starts nine months before we are actually born, someone can be affected by what their mother eats during pregnancy and breast feeding. There has been some test to show that if a mother has a diet which is high in fats and sugar then it can result in an increase of cholesterol and a higher risk of heart diseases for her child/ children later in life. Malnutrition or a lack of nutrients from health food during pregnancy may result in a lifetime of poor health for an individual. The food standards agency has recommended that pregnant women should aim to eat plenty of fruit and vegetables, starchy foods for example bread and pasta and also foods rich in protein and they should try to avoid or limit the amount of alcohol and caffeine as theses may result in a low birth weight for the baby. A very negative effect on this child if their mother does not eat healthily during pregnancy and does not consume a good amount of nutrients will put them at risk of developing some long term consequences that are irreversible for example obesity and raised levels of blood sugars and cholesterol. This individual may experience bullying throughout their life especially as a child in school if they are seen as being bigger for someone of their age, it can be verbal and physical bullying and they can take that with them as they continue to grow up which can weaken their self esteem and cause them to be depressed so they may eat more food as they find it comforting. Also another very major negative impact from this is that this individual is far more likely to die from a stroke or a heart attack because o HW high their cholesterol levels are! I think that the mother of an individual like this would too have a very negative effect because they may feel as its all their fault for not eating healthily during their pregnancy and potentially after the child was born continue to eat the same, they may feel bad for not enforcing and making the child eat the right amount of fruit and vegetables they need rather that allowing them to binge of chocolate, sweets and fizzy drinks as they were growing. When they release its time for a lifestyle change it may be too late, also if their Childs school was to notice how their child eats and what they eat for lunch the mother could be called in along with a social worker to see if this child is being properly cared for which can make the mother feel terrible.
The second potential life factor that can have an effect on an individual's development throughout their life is Genetic factors, this factors includes Cystic fibrosis, coeliac disease, Asthma, Brittle bone disease and finally Rheumatic disease. Every living cell in the human body has a nucleus that has 23 pairs of chromosomes inside it. In each pair, one comes from the mother and the other comes from the farther and each of these chromosomes carries units of inheritance which are known as genes and these genes interact to create a new set of instructions for making a new person.
The first genetic factor I'm going to be talking about Cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is carried by a defective gene; this gene is thought to be carried by as many as 4% of the UK population. Cystic fibrosis results in a production of defective protein that can cause the lungs to become clogged up with a sticky mucus, people that have this gene may have problems with absorbing nourishment from food and they may suffer from respiratory and chest infection commonly. In the past children that have suffered from cystic fibrosis have been given a very short life expectancy however medication has helped to succeed in extending it. We can change the environment in order to help individuals suffering with this problem, physiotherapy can help people to clear the mucus from their lungs and give them various drugs which can help their breathing ad also control infections in the throat and lungs. For a mother who was to have a child that is born with cystic fibrosis their social development can be effected from this genetic factors, this is because their child could have a very short life expectancy and if they were to outlive that by just a few weeks this mother will form a bon with that child and when/if it was to pass away unexpectedly it can be extremely hard for them to take in! Also for an individual that is born with this genetic factor, as they begin to develop into adolescents they may start to feel frustration arising from their independence and responsibility for their own treatment and medication. If this individual was to have a desire not to be different from those around them for example their friends, this can lead to them potentially neglecting aspects of their treatment.
Coeliac disease is when people that eat anything with gluten in for example foods made from wheat, barley and rye causes the body's immune system to attack the lining of the small intestine, this can become damaged and those with this disease may have difficulty in absorbing vitamins and minerals. These problems can then lead to even more disease occurring for example diarrhoea, osteoporosis and anaemia. Someone may be more likely to develop this disease if they have a relative with the condition and it can be assumed from a result of genetic causes although the exact cause is not yet known. The medical treatment for coeliac disease is an individual being put on a gluten free diet. For a child that is living with this disease it's likely that they will become malnourished which typically means that they have and do not get enough nutrients which can cause them to result with anaemia or weight loss, if this was to happen then that child will potentially have a delayed growth. This child may get bullied at school for being smaller than the average child would be at around this age and also for not being able to do simple tasks as they would have most likely missed some development milestones. By being bullied this can have an effect on this child's emotional and social well being, they will frustrated at themselves for being different and may isolate themselves meaning they'll struggle to make fiends and form bond with people! Their emotional well being can again also be affected during this life stage and from this disease because they will tend to suffer from things like headaches, swelling to hands and feet and will overall have a lot of pain coming from their muscles and joints! For an adult whether it be a man or a women that is trying to have a baby their emotional development and well being can be majorly effected from this disease because they can both suffer from fertility issues making it hard for them to make baby, this can be heart breaking and a very emotional period for anyone!
The last genetic factor that I will be talking about is Rheumatic disease. The term Rheumatic disease is actually used to cover a very wide range of common disorders which involve inflammation of the joints but also disorders that involve ligaments, bones and muscles. Arthritis is a very common example of this disease that affects eight in every thousand people within the UK; it is very painful and can be a disabling condition that causes some swelling and damage to the cartilage and bones around joints. This disease is most common in the cartilage bones found in the hands, feet and wrists. Individuals have an increased risk of developing this if their relatives have the disease, however some people can develop this disease without having anyone in the mainly having a history of it. Rheumatic diseases can be physically devastating for an adult, it will often cause them to have pain and disability and for those that suffer from this they will most likely need to to make drastic lifestyle changes. They will struggle or will not even be able to do some simple tasks for example tying shoes. Another effect on development that those for example adults living with Rheumatic disease can have is emotional strain! Its highly likely that this individual will develop some signs of clinical depression and/or anxiety, and depression itself can cause a lot of problems for an individual's body for example an adult suffering from the above may cause them to have physical problems like having a decreased appetite, having a lack of sleep, or oversleeping!
The third potential life factor that can have an effect on an individual's development throughout their life is Environmental factors, this factors includes pollution, housing, access to health and social care services, bullying and finally discrimination. Air and water pollution can have an influence of the development on an individual and can be a very major source of ill health, it has been know that by living in a city that is lacking in sanitation and sewerage has resulted in some life threatening diseases for example cholera. When lead was in paint and petrol there were some very major health concerns from pollution in the air, it was thought it could have an effect on the brain development in young children and because of this there are still some concerns involving air and water pollution. Those who live by busy roads are more likely to be exposed from pollution which comes out of motor vehicles for example carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and particular matter. During early childhood the lungs are still developing and maturing and are very vulnerable. "These are periods when the lungs are susceptible to injury by air pollutants. Exposure during these periods reduces the maximal functional capacity achieved in adult life and can lead to enhanced susceptibility during adulthood to infection and to the effects of such pollutants as tobacco smoke and those present in occupational exposures." Any children that are living with underlying chronic lung diseases, asthma and cystic fibrosis are also especially vulnerable. These children are at a greater risk of effects from pollution than are healthy children. By living in conditions like this, the relationship between exposure to air pollutants and the effects on the development of lung function it can mean that a Childs lung function deficits meaning they will be reduced in growth rates and they will have a lower lung function levels.
Housing can have an influence on someone's development for example by living in a poor quality house it can be associated with poor health! Dampness and mould can increase the risk of allergic and inflammatory diseases which can include asthma. Poor housing is more likely to mean problems can occur such as poor lighting, non safety glass in the windows, poor maintenance and loose rugs which can all result in some serious accidents. Overcrowding in housing may also cause problems for example stress due to lack of privacy, how noisy it may be and also the difficulties in sleeping or relaxing, overcrowded in housing can also limit individuals ability to access facilities for example watching TV programmes and using the internet. Older properties may not be as well insulated and the newer ones so for individuals like the elderly which have a low or no income will be living in places like these and they could get very ill from how cold they are ant night and in the winter. Overall by having poor housing it can be very stressful and difficult for people to live in. For example for a child living in this kind of environment that is about to do their SATS, they will need to concentrate in order to get a good level so they can improve when they get to secondary school. However in this environment it can be extremely difficult for them to concentrate and not get distracted, also if it's always noisy in the evening this could mean they are not getting enough sleep so when it comes to sitting the tests they will be exhausted and will potentially not put their best effort in to what they are writing! This environment can have an effect on the child's intellectual development!
Bullying can influence someone’s development. Many children will experience bullying throughout their life's whether it be in school , at work or even at home, because bullying is known to be threatening and can damage a person's self confidence victims will tend to keep their emotions and experiences quiet and in the dark. Discrimination may result in bullying; bullying can cause individuals to become stressed, depressed and to have anxiety. The department for children, schools and families try to explain the importance of telling others and talking about any problems and getting the support they need. This will help them to cope and prevent bullying happening in an education context. Overall bullying can make people feel small and can cause them to do some upsetting and dangerous things for example self harming. For a child that is being bullied whether it be at school or online it can have a massive effect to their emotional development and well being because it can create an increased feeling of sadness, anxiety and depression it can also effect an individual's social development because if they were to get bullied they may not feel confident to talk to other people and so they isolate themselves making them feel lonely, they may also for trust issues and find it difficult to being relationships! All of the effects from bullying can continue into adulthood. Also physically, bullying can cause both adults and children to have changes in their eating habits and to have a lack of sleep both of which can make a person become very ill and it will not allow them to concentrate on their work so at school for example they won't concentrate as they have no energy or will it miss it all together to stay away from the bullies! For either an adult or child that is experiencing bullying and start to have a lack of sleep from it this can cause some major health related risk which will include obesity, heart disease and diabetes and it can potentially shortens their life expectancy.
By having a low income this is thought to have an effect on an individual development because it can be difficult for them to get the heath care facilities they require! National statistic in 2006 reported that 11% of households without access to a car said they found it difficult to see their local GP compared to 4% of people that had cars. Those individuals without home access to the internet will also have limited access to service in health care for example NHS direct. By having a low income and not having ways to access health care services can effect an individual’s development because they will almost always be ill and this could effect a child educational development. For a child that is living in a home that has a low income it will mean they will most likely have poor nutrition,
Poor housing, little or no medical care. For an individual this is living in a place that brings in a low income, if an adult wanted to return to college to further their education this my limit them as some courses require payments for a number things like equipment and trips and they my struggle to do this which can limit their career opportunities without that qualification and experience.

The fourth potential life factor that can have an effect on an individual's development throughout their life is Socio-economic factors, this factors includes education, peer groups, values and attitudes and finally having a low income.

By being out of work it’s highly likely to mean that individuals could live on a low income also a child can be affected if their parents are to live on low income. The social trends of 2009 estimated that around 22% of children lived in a low income household environment, these children that are living inside a workless family lifestyle are more likely to have a low income that those families that have a full time job! Those children and adults that are living in homes with a high income or an average income should have a relatively happy life and their needs should most likely be fended for however those individuals living in a low income environment can suffer from a few things for example their emotional and social development can be influenced because if they were to bullied for things like the clothes they wear or being called "smelly" this can hurt them and cause them to have difficult in making friendships ad this can stay with them as they continue to grow into and adult which can make them feel isolated and have trust issues!

It's been said that children who grow up in poverty achieved less at school and struggle with simple maths and English skills and these individuals were thoughts be less likely to go to college or even university. Another thing that has been associated with a child growing up in a low income environment is that over their life time they will earn 10% less the another individual who did not grow up in poverty, other disadvantages that are associated with this is that individuals can be thought to be a criminal, they will live in polluted areas and finally there is an increased risk of them dying at a younger age in comparison to those individuals living in a wealthy environment rather that in a poor one. A child's development could be effected by living in this environment for example; if they were to witness their siblings or parents stealing then they will learn to do this especially if they rarely go to school and don't have a good education on what's wrong and what's right. This shows that individual intellectual development being influenced by their environment and upbringing. Both an adults and a child can also have their physical development influence because if there had a low income, lived in poverty this could mean that their housing for example by living in a poor quality house it can be associated with poor health. Dampness and mould can increase the risk of allergic and inflammatory diseases which can include asthma.

Those individuals that have few or even no qualifications are thought to be more likely to be unemployed or employed however only getting paid minimum wage and on a low income. For a child for example not attending school because of the parents or because of their own choices this can have an influence upon their intellectual development, and also their social as they won't make friends however they may with other people outside of school. Although this may be bad because they may make friends with the wrong people and starting steal and turning to crime and other things for example smoking or even worse drugs. This is clearly showing an individual with no qualifications will most likely have no career aspirations and have no effort into doing anything educational so their intellectual, social and even physical in some situations can be effected for his child and these can carry on through into adulthood.

The fifth potential life factor that can have an effect on an individual's development throughout their life is life style factors, this factors includes nutrition and dietary choices and also the use and misuse of substances. Some individuals may chose to eat a diet that consists of unhealthy food which is full of fats, salts and sugars however others may choose to eat healthy with the right amount of food group! Some individuals may choose to eat unhealthily because of convince and the cost, its known that unhealthy foods tend to be a lot cheaper in comparison to healthy foods so for those individuals that are on a low income they may just find it easier and more ideal to live on foods fully of fats, salts and sugars and it won't cost them a fortune! Also those again with a low income may potentially find it difficult to travel to some supermarkets and stick up on cheaper food, by having a low income it can push people to choose an unhealthy diet because it can be difficult and more expensive to choose a healthy one. This can influence an individual's development because if it's a child who is still growing and is attending school they need the right amount nutrients otherwise they may find it difficult to concentrate , it can lead to some health problems in the future for example potentially becoming overweight or having a high blood pressure. Also if they struggle to concentrate then they may get bad grades which could prevent them from getting in to college, being on the course they'd want to be one and without the grades they need for a certain job their options may be extremely limited. This could have an effect on a child for these reasons, researchers have studied and found that by eating a diet that is high in sugar, fats and also processed food at the age of three years old then these children can be associated with having a lower IQ at the age of eight years. There was also an association between children of the same age eating a healthy diet which would typically include salads, vegetables, fish, pasta and rice, and at the age of at eight years old they were most likely to have a higher IQ. This example is showing how by a young child eating badly and not having the right amount of nutrients can have an effect of these individuals intellectual. For an individual that does not get enough nutrients this can cause them problems in the future, for example with adults they may start to lose bones, weaker bones from not having enough vitamin D and also by not get enough potassium can mean their muscles and fatigue weakens!
The use and misuse of substances can include Alcohol, drugs and also smoking! The department of health recommenced that within a day men should not drink any more than four units of alcohol and women should not drink a more than three units of alcohol, by drinking over this amount n a daily basis is an example of alcohol misuse! Drug misuse is when an individual takes illegal drugs or when they take medicines in a way that is not recommended by their GP or the manufacturer of the drug, by taking medicines in very large quantities that are dangerous towards an individual's health is also an example of drug misuse. Among some very serious risks towards a person's health, smoking is associated with heart and also lung disease! For Children who have parents or siblings that abuse alcohol or other substances are often known as the forgotten child, by misusing these substances it can lead to either their parents or siblings having an unpredictable behavior, having a lack of appropriate care and having no structure to their home life. For a child to experience this it can be extremely scary and could lead to many problems in their future lives.
If a child's parents were to abuse substances then they may be exposed to violence, abuse, neglect, financial problems and even becoming malnourished from not eating right or having the right amount of nutrients especially if they have to fend for. As we can see some children in this environment may experience an effect towards their emotional development and also their social because by being around this type of behavior and potentially being abused it can mean they will have trust issues and find it difficult to make relationships in the future. Also because of this situation a child may have to miss some development milestones for example tying their own shoes because of their home life and the fact they may receive no help as their family members dink alcohol frequently and don’t have the time to sit down and teach her how to do this simple task. The above shows how child living with individuals that drink alcohol or use other substance can be affected physically, emotionally and socially! Another thing that could affect a child emotionally in this type of environment could be the fact that they may face separation, homelessness, divorce and abandonment.
Their parent may be incarcerated or may pass away as a result of their substance abuse, because of these issues a child will most likely go through it can have a long-lasting and a very negative affect on a child’s development and their future life choices. For an adult for example a mother they could be emotional affected if their child is taken away from them because they have misused alcohol or even abused that child she will feel like a bad parent and may want to make some her life changes in order for her to see her child again!
P3: Explain the influences of two predictable and two unpredictable major life events on the development of an individual.
A life event can change the direction of an individual's live and it will have a profound effect on their personal development. Some major changes in life can be predicted and even chosen, while others may be unpredicted. Predictable life events can include things like starting school, going through puberty and retiring from work all of which can mark the transition from one life stage to another as all of the above will act as milestones in each individual’s personal development. However unpredictable life events which can include things like a sudden illness or injury, redundancy or the death of a friend or relative all of which can occur very unexpectedly and are often associated with loss, but all of which can also lead to a positive change in someone life. Firstly, the first predictable life event I will be taking about a child Starting school or nursery, starting school or nursery is one of the first major life events that the individual going through it will have and also for their parents, lots of people can remember their first day at school. First day at school can make an person feel nervous yet excited at the same time but this is completely normally as they don't now what it's going to be like and who they are going to met, they will most likely be feeling excited for this event because they are looking forward to being in a new place. Those children that are nervous for their first day will most likely end up crying for their mother or father or carer because it’s anew surrounding for them and it could potentially be their first day without them and this could make them miss their loved ones. "When it comes to the time where the child is starting school for the first time, they don't know what to expect from all the new things they learn and all the people they meet". When at school children tend to learn a lot of new things and they will put energy into their work as well as putting energy into meeting and getting to know people therefore developing their intellectual and social development at a young age. A child's physical development will impact them when they begin to start school because they would start doing a subject of P.E (physical education) which would give them a boost in psychical development which can excite them in some ways, some individuals who do not get enough time to run around or jus don't because their parents won't with them would also be able to do their physical development during school which again can make them happy and excited to do this with their friends. In addition, some of those children that do not get enough of the nutrition or meals that they need in order to keep themselves motivated and awake at home could have school dinners and therefore, increase their psychical development.
For my second predictable life event I am going to be talking about leaving home and how it can influence an individual's development. This life event can have an influence on an individual’s development firstly with their physical development, this can have an impact because the individual will have to make a change towards their diet and this can happen because of the lack of cooking experience that this individual may have especially if their parent or carer hasn't given them any advice or help or if they did not learn this skill at school.
In addition to this potential problem, this could cause them to have a lack of nutrition in their diet. By living alone an individual my start to go out more and choose the wrong decisions or chose the wrong people to hang around with that could influence things such as such as drinking or smoking either tobacco or drugs. Alcohol can e extremely dangerous and can have effect toward and individuals health physically because they could get themselves into a serious accident especially as when being drunk its common for people to become aggressive and to have a bad sense of judgment, for example if they were to drink drive they could seriously injure themselves or someone else meaning they could be physically impaired for the rest of their lives or even worse for example death.
Secondly, an individual's intellectual development can be influenced because they would need to know things like how to set up gas and water and they will also need to learn about mortgages. They need to become independent and become a grown up. Thirdly, an individual's emotional development can be influenced especially as they become more independent as is highly likely especially when they are living lone for the first time that they experience emotions for example feeling lonely, scared or even sometimes happy if they are enjoying the freedom and being independent. Lastly their social development can be influenced because by living on their own for the first time and not being around day after day and having no social life to be around with, this can make people feel lonely again. However this can make them want to go out more and be around with more people which will allows tem t make new friendships/relationships.
The first unpredictable event that I am going to be talking about is abuse. Abuse normally takes place when people are mistreated or misused by other people around them, they would usually show no concern for their actions or feelings. Abusers frequently are interested in controlling their victims, and they will use abusive behaviors in order to try and manipulate their victims into giving in to what they want to do to them or giving in and giving them what they want. Abuse comes in different forms and these include physical, emotional, neglect, or sexual any of which if someone was to experience them can touch all victims across their lifespan. Abuse is a serious social and cultural problem that affects a lot of people in different ways. It is extremely damaging towards an individual's development because it can cause them a loss of self confidence, cause them to have withdrawal symptoms, depression and anxiety, this event can also cause children to have difficulty in their social development especially when it comes to forming new friendships/relationships with people.
The second unpredictable even that I am going to be talking about is bereavement. Bereavement can come at any time in an individual's life even there being any warning, so as I have said already bereavement is seen as being unpredictable. It is the remaining partner or the family that will experience the consequences of death of a loved one or someone who was close to them and it is their development is going to be influenced during this sad time. "There are five stages to grief, denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. If someone gets stuck at one of these stages then this could have a big impact the development of that individual” this was said by Elizabeth Keble-Ross." Bereavement can involve the loss of friends because you are no longer a couple, loss of income that the person bought into the household, loss of physical and sexual comfort, loss of practical help with daily living activities, loss of leisure and social activities if you don’t like to do things on your own, loss of person that you were emotionally"
References:
http://www.euro.who.int/en/data-and-evidence/evidence-informed-policy-making/publications/hen-summaries-of-network-members-reports/what-are-the-effects-of-air-pollution-on-childrens-health-and-development http://www.markedbyteachers.com/as-and-a-level/healthcare/p3-describe-the-influence-of-two-predictable-and-two-unpredictable-life-events-can-affect-an-individual.html http://www.cyberessays.com/Term-Paper-on-P3-Explain-The-Influences-Of-Two/45573/