You are an IT Network Specialist and are required to develop the design of the company’s telephone system for its new building which will begin construction in a few months. In order to get a background which will help when developing the new system, your supervisor asked you to research the current Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) currently used by the company. You must research the system components and report back to your supervisor, the Telecommunications Manager, within a week. 1. Describe a local land line phone system based on the following Landline Telephone Components:
I would place a call using my phone which is connected to the jack by a fixed line, the data would be sent to my service providers Central office via Local Loop, once the data has reached the CO and depending where my call was going it would be transferred to the local exchange for local calls and long distance, and for long distance calls it would be transferred at the POP to the Long distance System.
*NOTE* I was unsure about the question so I defined the components and described a local line phone system.
a.) Local Loop: is a loop of copper wire that allows current to flow from the telephone to the central office and back. It is the dual-wire physical interface that connects a telephone to the CO (central office).
b.) Central Office: also referred to as the local exchange, which provides services to a group of subscribers in a local area.
c.) Local Exchanges: Local exchanges are local telephone companies that provide service along with other Local Exchanges within a designated geographical area.
d.) POP: Point of Presence, is the point where a local exchange carrier (LEC) or a long distance carrier meets another long distance carrier. The POP also provides a connection to the interexchange carrier (IXC).
e.) Long Distance System: long-distance service is provided by an IXC. These carriers are used to connect LECs together in different LATAs and sometimes within the same LATA (Local Access and Transport Area).
f.) Fixed Line: A fixed-line phone is wired to a telephone jack on the wall, in contrast to a mobile phone.
2. Define and describe the following Telecommunications Network Components:
a.) Cellular Telephones:
i. Voice: a cell phone transmits information in an analog format very similar to the way a fixed-line telephone transmits voice information from the subscriber to the central office. When the (2G) cell phones entered the market, transmission shifted from analog to digital. Not only do they have the ability to transmit and receive voice, but they also have the ability to transmit and receive data. ii. Data: Cell phones could be used for many applications including connecting to the internet and the need for greater data transmission rates became apparent3G offered higher data rates then 2G and with 4G networks which offers data transmission rates of ten times more the 3G networks.
b.) Telephone Network Topology:
i. Demarcation Point: is the point at which the responsibility of the service provider ends. ii. Equipment: includes the tie-in of OSP (outside plant) cable to the customer premise equipment racks and active equipment. iii. Access Networks: is the part of the network that connects the individual consumer or business to the telecommunications system. iv. Regional/Metro Networks: metro and regional networks aggregate information from local exchanges of incumbent service providers, as well as information from many competing service providers, and move the information to points where it can be sent over multiple distances and for multiple service types.
c. Cable TV: uses a combination of copper cabling, fiber-optic cabling, and wireless technology to subscribers offering programming, internet and phone services.
i. Broadcast TV: using radio waves to deliver black and white signals from large antennas and in order to receive these signals a consumer would have to connect their TV to an antenna. ii. Community Antenna: To get a better reception of the broadcast an antenna might be placed on the highest surrounding hill or building and a copper cable carried the signal from the antenna to the user or group of users. iii. Network Access Point: is a terminal that serves as a connection point for drop cables and is usually located close to the buildings and homes it services iv. Interface Device: an all-plastic enclosure designed to house the electronics that support the network.
d. Telecommunication Services:
i. RBOCs: (regional Bell operating company), AT&T was considered a monopoly and the government filed suit against them and AT&T divested its local exchange carriers into seven “baby Bells” ii. Unbundling: ILECs (Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers) must provide other telecommunications service providers CLECs (Competitive Local Exchange Carriers) access to their equipment and access to consumers at competitive rates. This allows other telecommunications service provider’s access to consumers without owning the actual local loop infrastructure that connects the consumers to the network. iii. MSOs: is a multiple system operator, operating multiple cable TV systems such as Brighthouse, Charter etc. iv. ISPs: An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides access to the Internet.
v. Triple Play: High speed in internet access, VoIP and Video service (TV programming and Video-on-demand vi. Cloud Computing: is a way to increase the capabilities of a device or add new capabilities or services without making any hardware changes to the device.

References
Oliviero, A., Woodward, B. (2011-12-12). Bonus Appendix: Telecomm ta Cabling NT1310, 4th Edition. [VitalSource Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved from https://itt-tech.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781119116967/