...Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management Unit Code: MAR 602-6 Small Business and Entrepreneurship Mr. Pradeep Kashyap MART consultancy Submitted by: Jayesh Kannan – 1221961 Abin Jacob - 1133828 1|Page Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management Unit Code: MAR 602-6 About Pradeep Kashyap Pradeep kashyap, the CEO and the founder of MART, is known as the father of rural marketing in India. He is currently the marketing consultant of the Ministry of Rural Development and has worked with the Prime Minister’s Office and Chief Minister Committees on rural development. He has also worked as a consultant in the World Bank and United Nations and was the Chairman of Khadi Commission National Marketing Committee and a member of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) and Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) national advisory committees. Pradeep Kashyap has 20 years of history, working with multinational companies like EXIDE, BOSCH & DENSO, and another 20 years as the guide for the rural development and marketing committees. Mr. Kashyap is a regular speaker at various CEO forums both within the county and outside India. He is very well known as a leader and an entrepreneur. In 2008 at Cannes Lions in France, he was the only speaker from India among the 50 global speakers all around the world who addressed 24 seminars. Mr. Kashyap is often invited by top business schools in India as a guest speaker. Pradeep Kashyap also...
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...Table of Contents Abstract iii CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Problem Statement 2 Rationale for the choice of topic 2 CHAPTER TWO 3 LITERATURE REVIEW 3 HOUSE FINANCE GLOBAL VIEW 3 HOUSING STRATEGY 4 CONDITIONS TO FACILITATE LENDING 8 DEMAND AND SUPPLY FOR HOUSING 8 TANZANIA HOUSING FINANCE THEORY 10 CHAPTER THREE 12 FINDINGS 12 Demand for housing finance 12 Current Condition in Tanzania 12 Access to Housing Finance 13 HOUSING POLICY AND HOUSING MARKET 14 ACCESS TO HOUSING FINANCE MAIN CHALLENGES 18 CHAPTER FOUR 21 CONCLUSIONS 21 References; 22 Abstract We examine the extent to which markets enable the provision of housing finance across a wide range of Regions in Tanzania. Housing is a major purchase requiring long-term financing, and the factors that are associated with well functioning housing finance systems are those that enable the provision of long-term finance. Across all countries, controlling for country size, we find that countries with stronger legal rights for borrowers and lenders (through collateral and bankruptcy laws), deeper credit information systems, and a more stable macroeconomic environment have deeper housing finance systems. These same factors also help explain the variation in housing finance across emerging market economies. Across developed countries, which tend to have low macroeconomic volatility and relatively extensive credit information systems, variation in the strength of legal rights helps explain the extent of housing finance...
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...GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON INFORMAL SECTOR Submitted By: Ameen Gupta- 2009tt10774 Parvej- 2009tt10813 Siddarth Sachdeva- 2009ph10746 INTRODUCTION Globalization comes up with the process of more interconnection between various entities like nations, organizations, individuals, etc. This interaction creates the migration of human resources, technology transfer, capital flow, etc. Thereby, this process of globalization results in the increase in quality, quantity or production and thus makes various organizations profitable. In the race of survival, it enhances the competition level among various players in terms of their brand value set according to the needs of the people. This phenomenon of competition plays a crucial role for these existing service providing players as well as for the end consumer or public at large. For service providing players, it decides the cost benefit analysis and makes it less generally due to the presence of various other players simultaneously. For public, it makes things easily available and at comparatively low prices of varied varieties. The phenomenon of globalization also generates employment. These jobs are largely created in formal sectors. It also results in employment increase in the informal sector. The formal sector is directly visible in a country and is under scrutiny and supervision of the government through various trade and tax laws. This sector provides people the job security, standard working conditions and wage...
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...David Turks Burke-8 American Lit May 3, 2013 Child Soldiers What accounts for the phenomenon of child soldiers in Africa? The primary cause contributing to the recruitment of child soldiers in Africa is poverty. While other factors such as ‘war’ itself, proliferation of small arms, lack of education, displacement all inevitably lead to child soldier recruitment, it is however poverty at the root of these circumstances. Therefore this essay shall argue this case by examining how Africa has come to have such high levels of poverty and by showing the association between other factors and that of poverty. To establish what is meant by the term ‘child soldier’ it must first be defined and a brief description offered that explains the recruitment practices used. This in turn allows the reader to better comprehend the devastating outcomes when underlying causes such as extreme poverty are not addressed. Subsequently this essay examines the factors that account for the phenomenon of child soldiers in Africa and through this examination of causal factors it will become apparent that poverty is a recurring theme. Once it has been established that poverty is indeed the major cause of child soldier recruitment attention is then given to what is being done to stop it. Finally consideration must be given to the problems that arise when addressing the issues of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the child soldier back into the community, to avoid a replication of the...
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...Homelessness is reaching epidemic proportions in the United States (American Medical Student Organization [AMSO], 2008, p.1). Problems inherent to homelessness are lack of shelter, food, clothing, and lack of health care. Living conditions of the homeless in and of themselves predispose the homeless population to a plethora of health problems. The problems associated with homelessness and healthcare have far reaching effects for a special subset of the homeless population – the population of homeless youth. Each year, more than 1.35 million children and youth experience life without a home, and one out of seven of all individuals treated by homeless health care projects is a child under age 15 (National Healthcare for the Homeless Council [NHCHC], 2003, p.1). Homeless children face the same illnesses faced by children in the general population, but their health issues are exacerbated by the circumstances inherent in their homeless status. Homelessness in and of itself is an independent predictor of poor health status among children (Kern Medical Center, 2003, p.3). Some of the health care issues especially prevalent in the homeless youth population are: psychosocial issues, nutrition and issues related to physical development, communicable diseases, dermatological disorders, respiratory disorders, dental health issues, sexual health issues, substance abuse issues, and issues related to medication use and adherence. Multiple studies have identified the adverse effects of homelessness...
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...Some pros and cons involving today’s debate about the policies: Pros include: The no child left behind act. This is where no child is left behind for their education. Each child is given the right for further education help and is given an opportunity for success for their future using the available programs that’s proven to work. Only 1 percent is not required to take a test which is the children who cannot speak fluent English. A test children must take is standardized by the state and is also known as the “teaching the test”. This test not only proves what each child does not know but what the teacher’s must focus on in order to make the children become successful for their further education learning’s. The national school lunch program. This is a program where it was very important for low income families. I believe this was a very good idea. “At the President's direction, the Food and Nutrition Service was created as a new agency within the Department of Agriculture exclusively to administer Federal food programs, including the school lunch program, and other agencies involved were directed to coordinate their activities with those of the Department of Agriculture” (Gunderson, 2013). Children with the proper food in their stomachs will help them live better and grasp what they learn every day in school. It keeps them away from being sick and missing days of school and this program helps them stay focused with full attention using their brain. Cons include: The no child left...
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...Is free trade also fair trade? All over college campuses around the world you can be sure to find cocoa, coffee and certain other products that are labeled “free trade,” but is fair trade really free trade? I started thinking more about it when a friend of mine coincidentally asked me the same question. After explaining what fair trade was she simply replied ‘does that really help the world, is that free trade?’ Although I answered here question with an emphatic ‘of course!.’ later on that evening I couldn’t help wondering if this was not one of the many ironies of economics and foreign policy to help developing countries that actually goes against common sense and free market systems. Coming from a developing country, I felt a tinge of regret for even thinking like this. Of course I want the best for developing countries. In countries like Ghana it is not hard to see the benefits of fair trade, the profits of farmers are increasing, more children especially girls are going to school, the premium from the fair trade organization is going into building social amenities like pure drinking water, more women are becoming empowered and are learning to take care of their own finances. But is this sustainable? Should the developing nations of Africa continue to depend on organizations such as this indefinitely? The answer to all these unfortunately is no. Governments of wealthy nations are continually pumping money into the fair trade. NGO’s fight indignantly for the rights of poor...
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...Economics Discussion how a Epidemic can affect a country's economy The countries involved in an epidemic will immediately suffer in a population crisis where the average age of mortality decreases. More children will be born dead or carrying the TB at a very early stage. Countries that were mentioned in the context are most of them developing countries for instance India, Indonesia and South Africa. Poor average education and high unemployment are huge percent numbers in these countries and a epidemic could cause even more problems with the labor in a country if adults are dying. Result of these problems will eventually lead to a non-consumed agricultural resources since the eventual transmission of knowledge will fail in shortage of both labor and competent people. A starvation will break out due the shortage of food. The development of social and economical aspects will also decrease or stop completely. Progresses involving better healthcare and greater survival number of babies will suffer also suffer from epidemics. Possibilities of helping people will also become completely removed because of the shortage of competent staff and economical issues. The level of education will also decrease due the financial problems, schools will shut down and bad teacher salaries will not attract as many students becoming teachers because of the tough education. Regular working man and women will also have to quite their jobs to take care of their sick/infected relatives...
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...Report No. - IN INDIA Scaling-up Access to Finance for India’s Rural Poor September 6, 2004 FINANCE AND PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT UNIT South Asia Region Document of the World Bank TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I. INTRODUCTION 2 India’s Rural Finance Landscape 4 What are the financial needs of the rural poor? 4 Rural finance service providers 5 II. ACCESS TO RURAL FINANCE IN INDIA: THE EVIDENCE 8 Supply Side Indicators of Access to Finance 8 Access to Rural Finance: Evidence from the Demand Side 12 Access to savings/deposit accounts 14 Payments Services – Limited use, high cash economy 15 Access to Credit 15 Access to Insurance 17 The Importance of Informal Finance 17 III. WHAT CONSTRAINS ACCESS TO FINANCE FOR INDIA’S RURAL POOR? 19 Why Banks Are Reluctant To Lend to Rural Clients 19 Lack of credit information. 20 The tyranny of collateral 20 Weak legal framework and enforcement issues. 21 Government policy 21 Why Do Small, Rural Borrowers Find Rural Banks Unattractive? 26 Absence of flexible products and services 26 Transactions costs 26 Collateral 27 IV. RECENT EFFORTS IN INDIA TO IMPROVE RURAL ACCESS TO FINANCE: THE ROLE OF FORMAL—INFORMAL LINKAGES AND NEW PRODUCTS 28 SHG-bank Linkage Approach: Linking Commercial Banks to Grassroots Borrowers 28 How Effective Has SHG Bank Linkage Been in Targeting the Poor? 30 Impact on vulnerability of poor households...
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...Advocate for the Homeless Advocacy is about assisting people in speaking up for themselves and making sure that their ideas and opinions are heard and understood. An advocate should avoid conflicts of interests with the people who give services to the person that he is assisting. The advocate should stand up for the person as if he is standing up for himself. The group of people for who I would advocate for are the homeless. It's estimated that approximately 3.5 million people in the United States, 1.35 million of them children (nearly 40%), are likely to experience homelessness this year. In addition, incidence of homelessness has increased over the past 20 years, and these numbers are only going to get larger as time goes on when economic pressure, job loss, and the rising cost of living are factored in. People experiencing homelessness need a voice. In Washington State there are many organizations that work with and help the homeless population. There are many services provided by the different organizations. Shelters provide homeless people with a valuable place to sleep advocacy coalition’s work behind the scenes to fight civil rights abuses and hate crimes committed against homeless people. Advocates are the voice of homeless people, they routinely meet with homeless individuals to find out what the most pressing needs in the community are and then work on finding solutions to those problems. Activists advocate for homeless people in many...
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...in a one-on-one daily basis. He named the organization as St. Vincent de Paul Society. Members of the Society were proud to call themselves as "Vincentians", in tribute to St. Vincent de Paul. Vincentians have the desire to help and serve the poor and in needs. They provide food, transportation and shelter, visit shut-ins, purchase personal care items, clothing and furniture, and assist in many other ways to help establish a better community. Later on, another St. Vincent de Paul Society was founded in San Francisco in 1860. The purpose of the Society is to help and support the neediest members of the community to become as independent as possible. The Society helps over 1,000 people in San Francisco every day, who are suffering from poverty, homelessness, substance abuse, and domestic violence. Social Justice Like the moment it was founded, the vision of St. Vincent de Paul Society hasn’t change at all, “to embrace the world in a network of charity.” The Society has set two goals to accomplish its vision: “to do a great deal of spiritual good to its members through the exercise of charity, and to do a little spiritual and temporal good to a few poor families in the name of Jesus Christ.” The Society of St. Vincent de Paul is composed of women and men who love to serve and help others as they seek spiritual holiness to fulfill their live. All members of the Society are united and equal in the same spirit of caring and sharing. The Society strives to help and support...
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...CARE Bangladesh CARE is one of the world's largest private international humanitarian organizations, committed to helping families in poor communities improve their lives and achieve lasting victories over poverty. Founded in 1945, CARE is working across 70 countries fighting global poverty. By addressing the underlying causes of poverty, CARE promotes sustainable development models to empower and benefit the poorest and marginalized. With an annual global budget of USD 650 million, CARE’s programming benefits nearly 65 million people each year and more than half of them are women. CARE places special focus on working alongside poor women because, equipped with the proper resources, women have the power to help their families and entire communities escape poverty. Working for 60 years in Bangladesh, CARE has extensive programming experience in a range of sectors including food security; women’s empowerment; health and nutrition; agriculture and natural resources; disaster risk reduction; education; HIV/AIDS; emergency response; and urban poverty reduction. CARE Bangladesh is currently implementing 24 projects in partnership with 63 local and national NGOs, receiving funding from a number of donors including USAID, DFID, UNDP, EC, the Gates Foundation and more than 30 private companies. Through a network of eight field offices with well-developed communications and operating procedures, and experienced, highly qualified staff, CARE’s programming covers 42 out of 64 districts...
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...In 1840 he became Assistant Secretary to the Treasury in London and held that office until 1859. This position put him in charge of the administration of Government relief to the victims of the Irish Famine in the 1840s. In the middle of that crisis Trevelyan published his views on the matter. He saw the Famine as a ‘mechanism for reducing surplus population’. But it was more: ‘The judgement of God sent the calamity to teach the Irish a lesson, that calamity must not be too much mitigated. …The real evil with which we have to contend is not the physical evil of the Famine, but the moral evil of the selfish, perverse and turbulent character of the people’. Such racist and sectarian views of the Irish were common enough within the English governing classes and were more crudely expressed by others. For the most part, Trevelyan’s views reflected the prevailing Whig economic and social opinion and that of the Prime Minister, Lord John Russell, who held office from 1846 until 1852. Trevelyan was stiff and unbending. He firmly believed in laissez faire (essentially, the importing of food should be left to the food merchants), he thought that the Government should not intervene, and warned of the danger that people might get into the habit of depending on the state. From March 1846 he controlled the public works through the disbursement of public funds. Under Trevelyan, relief by public works in 1846–7 was too little too late but also it was slow, inefficient and sometimes corrupt...
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...Introduction The economic reforms in Nigeria are favoring the telecommunications industry. Three companies dominate the Nigerian market, with Celtel figuring as the second operator with largest market share, and the entry of new competitors into the market is imminent. Currently, Celtel’s is focusing on providing telecommunication services in urban regions. At the distribution level, Celtel simply distributes its products and services to dealers, after which it disengages from the supply chain. After the dealer, the distribution dynamics follow a fragmented structure traditional to Nigeria. In an effort to reach the goal of becoming the industry leader, Celtel now wants to expand into the rural market which until now is largely unexplored. The growth potential for new subscriptions comes largely from the rural area. To achieve this goal, the company must overcome prevailing internal and systemic hurdles. First, the distribution is inefficient; the few points-of-sale in the rural Nigeria are very spread out, an even inexistent in some areas. Second, the unreliable power grid would require Celtel to invest in generators which usually are theft targets. Third, the Celtel brand is largely unknown and rural media isn’t too efficient due to vandalism and poor coverage. Finally, most rural people are poor; they have little access to phone devices and they demand lower prices. Ethically, Celtel should consider if it is proper to promote and entice the rural poor to purchase the...
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...Hawaii's Homeless Homelessness is an enormous social challenge, one that is apparent throughout the United States. Hawaii is no exception. In 2012, there were a total of 4,353 homeless individuals (Statewide Homeless Point-In-Time Count, 2012), according to these studies conducted by the Department of Human Services, only 70% were living in shelters. Obviously, the remainders of these destitute parties are found scattered throughout the islands. These homeless groups consist of males and females, young, and old. Whole families are not exempt, concerning this epidemic. We find that wrong. Because homelessness is a concern to many, Team A conducted a personal and confidential survey that revealed surprising responses. Selected persons, (ages 18 and over) were spouses, peers, and coworkers who answered 10 questions that pertained to the homelessness condition on Oahu. Our survey showed most people viewed the homelessness situation in Hawaii, no worse than other states. It is a dilemma everywhere. Our survey also disclosed a true concern for our homeless brothers and sisters. When asked, to choose a major contributor to homelessness, the answers varied greatly. Although unemployment is significant, substance abuse continues to plague the natives. In addition to these two factors, mental illness ranks high, as so evidently witnessed on the streets of King and Keeamoku. In recent news, the Honolulu Police removed a large group of homeless people from Ward Street. Were they justified...
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