...20 Unified Power Flow Controllers Ali Feliachi West Virginia University Azra Hasanovic West Virginia University 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 Introduction Power Flow on a Transmission Line UPFC Description and Operation Series Converter: Four Modes of Operation • Automatic Power Control Karl Schoder West Virginia University UPFC Modeling UPFC Steady-State or Load Flow Model • UPFC Dynamic Model • Interfacing the UPFC with the Power Network Control Design UPFC Basic Control Design • Power System Damping Control through UPFC Using Fuzzy Control Case Study Test System • Tracking Real and Reactive Power Flows • Operation under Fault Conditions Conclusion 20.1 Introduction An electric power system is an interconnection of generating units to load centers through high-voltage electric transmission lines. It consists of generation, transmission, and distribution subsystems, which used to belong to the same electric utility in a given geographical area. But, currently, the electric power industry is in transition from large, vertically integrated utilities providing power at regulated rates to an industry that will incorporate competitive companies selling unbundled power at possibly lower rates. With this new structure, which will include separate generation, distribution, and transmission companies with an open-access policy, comes the need for tighter control strategies. The strategies must maintain the level of reliability that consumers not...
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...Temperature control system for PEM Fuel cell Fuel cell research technology Group Babol University of Technology S.M.Rakhtala, T.Fadaiian R.Ghaderi, A.Ranjbar and M.Shakeri mh_rakhtala@stu.nit.ac.ir Abstract In This paper, design of the temperature control system of PEM fuel cell is developed with integrated control techniques by Atmega 128 micro-controller along with optimized performance of fuel cell system. The temperature control system will guarantee the correct performance of fuel cell around its optimal operation point. In order to reduce high frequency noises, an averaging filter has been applied in the micro controller software. Different parameters such as temperature and electrical loading are simulated by MATLAB/SIMULINK software and also implemented with experimental unit on single cell. The simulation results of dynamic model as well as the implementation results indicate that the proposed control scheme works very well. 1. Introduction A large number of researches have been conducted to manage the control system for different types of fuel cell. Alfredo et al. [1] developed a control system for portable PEM fuel cell. The control system will guarantee the correct performance of the stack around is optimal operation point this means that the air flow and the stack temperature are controlled to correct value. Shaw et al. [2] presented a system that provides continues PEMFC electrical terminal monitoring under realistic load profiles. The data collected in this will...
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...In Electronics, Japan Still Matters Posted by: Bruce Einhorn on March 17, 2011 In the global technology industry's pecking order, Japanese consumer electronics companies long ago surrendered their top spot to more nimble competitors like Samsung Electronics andApple. Many of the country's chipmakers also struggled as competitors in Korea and Taiwan thrived. Meanwhile, marketing executives at major multinationals turned their attention to China and India, the world's new economic powers. For many, Japan was largely an afterthought, a declining power with an aging population. The turmoil following the March 11 earthquake has provided a rude reminder that, when it comes to the global electronics industry's supply chain, Japan still matters. The country's factories produce about one-fifth of the world's semiconductors and 40 percent of electronic components. Japan's Mitsubishi Gas Chemical and Hitachi Chemical combined make almost all of the world's BT Resin, a raw material used in chip packaging, and Hitachi Chemical has 70 percent market share for a type of chemical slurry used by semiconductor producers for polishing chips. Tech executives and investors therefore should be worrying about a prolonged shutdown of production in Japan, where many factories are closed and there's no clear sign of how much damage they suffered or when they might reopen. Typically, big chipmakers likeTaiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. keep between four to six weeks of supply, so uncertainty about...
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...Nanotechnology in Electronics: The application of nanotechnology can be very well extended to the field of electronics. This nanotechnology gives a promising technology when this is combined with conventional approach in electronics. The main advantage of nano electronics is increasing the capabilities of electronic devices. The screen displays on electronic devices can be effectively improved by applying the nanotechnology. This approach considerably reduces the power consumption and also reducing the weight and the thickness of the screen. Another application of nanotechnology is reducing the size of transistors which are generally applied in integrated circuits. There are lot of researches are being done in this field of nanoelectronics....
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...INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECNNOLOGY ACT, 2006 Prepared for Md. Ziaul Haque Senior Lecturer, Dept. Of Business Administration East West University Prepared by Bus-361 Sec: 6 Name | ID | 1. Md.Musrukh Ruhaim | 2010-2-10-091 | 2. MD. Tajul Islam | 2011-2-10-240 | 3. MD. Naiem Bhuiyan | 2011-2-10-110 | 4. Sunjida Haque | 2010-2-10-355 | 5. Md.Mahfuzur Rahman | 2011-1-10-049 | 6. MD. Mahmudul Hasan | 2011-1-13-060 | Date of Submission: December-03, 2014 Acknowledgement We are very pleased to accomplish the assign task given by our honorable course instructor Md. Ziaul Haque on the subject “Legal Environment of Business”. We are very much obliged to those persons who gave their valuable time in the organization overview part, opinion and advice to complete this report. At first, our profound gratification goes to, Md. Ziaul Haque the honorable course instructor of Business Communication for his supervision to complete the assignment successfully. By providing us the opportunity of preparing this assignment, he has made us able to relate the academic knowledge of Business law with practical scenario. Not only this, he has also contributed much in this term paper by giving us proper guideline. We are acknowledging to all of those web sites from which we have taken necessary helps. Our gratitude also goes to some senior students for their guidance in various stages of completing the term paper and our...
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...Green technology has recently become a large part of the electronic community, as they have the ability to become benefit the community in regards to being environmentally friendly. Green technology includes all the equipment and methods which complement our environment through reducing pollution and increasing the amount of sustainable technology in our day to day life. As an aspiring electronic technician, I myself have several roles and responsibilities to social issue of green technology. Within the workplace, one of my roles includes to promote efficient electronic devices as well as installing environmentally efficient ones as opposed to the cheaper but environment harming ones. Through this initiative I would be able to responsibly install, repair, and maintain electronic parts and machinery and equipment. In addition to promoting green technology, it is my responsibility to efficiently install and maintain them in the households of clients. I believe I should also be responsible to inform clients, friends and family of smart conservation of electricity within the house hold, as, “Two-thirds of residential electricity use in the United States comes from air conditioners, refrigerators, washers, dryers, and other electric appliances” (Mark Mosko, 2012) Many individuals are not aware of the peak hours of electricity which occur exactly before and after the same hours as the rush hours on the roads; since people are arriving at home and at their workplace where they turn...
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...about school like Name, Place, Grades in X and XII). With good scores of around 86% in the science subjects, I could choose the Engineering stream for my Bachelors study. I took up Electronics Engineering, because of its wide, interdisciplinary span and the ever increasing use in every branch of modern science, from Astrophysics to Medicine. It is a field, rich with opportunities for an entrepreneur. The curriculum of my undergraduate institute, BVM Engineering College affiliated to Gujarat Technological University, Anand, Gujarat, introduced me to the basics of several subjects, such as Digital Signal Processing, Integrated Circuits Application, Basic and Advance Electronics, Digital Communication, Wireless communication, 8085 microprocessors, 8051 microcontrollers and application of theories in practice through lab work and team projects. I was also introduced to the concepts of Communication, Power Electronics, Mobile & Personal Communication and Networking. I have also learned computer programming in C, C++ languages. My interest lies in Communication Engineering. The measure of my potential is not limited to distinctions and percentages; it is something above all these. It is the thirst for knowledge and consistent learning. Thus, I have also attended various seminars and conferences on Electronics and Mobile...
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...What to do if Garage Door Remote Stop Functioning Instantly A garage door remote control is an electronic device which enables a garage door to open or close without getting down from the car and unnecessary lifting the heavy garage door. An infra red signal is sent from the remote to the receiver at the door which enables the motor fixed at the garage door to activate a switch that in turn opens or close the garage door. There may be various reasons due to which a garage remote may not work: * Infra red signal strength: The remote must be within the range of the garage. If it is away from the stated distance then the signals will not be received by the receiver fixed at the garage door. * Batteries: Check the batteries. Replace batteries if required. The batteries must be in good working condition. Weak or dead batteries will fail in sending signals. * Battery Terminals: Check for the battery terminals. If the battery terminals are covered with dirt, gently clean them. If the terminals loosen up with time gently tighten them up by pinching. If the terminals are wet, then it needs to be cleaned with a sand paper or steel wool and dried before inserting new batteries. * Reset: Sometimes reset may be required for the remote to work efficiently. Resetting the remote is done by removing the batteries for at least 30 seconds and re installing them. Resetting the receiver is done by plugging it out from the wall socket plug for at least 30 seconds and re-plugging...
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...Allentown Material Corporation – Electronic Product Division Entity / Player Attribute Allentown Materials The holding company Corporation Other divisions enjoys protection in market due to high cost entry barriers. But electronics div is not doing well, as market condition changed. The group as integrated / overlapping functional groups no differentiation between departments. EPD needs different structure due to the nature of business. Allentown Electronic Product Electronic Product Division Division Interesting point They have several divisions such as Plastics, Food and electronics and EPD performs poorly due to decline market, due to reduce defence contracts. Most of Allentown Groups are directly controlled by management because of the proximity and presence. Culture is built differently in manufacturing driven company. There is poor relationship between divisions leading to problems in decision making, product development, and performance as a whole. Don Rogers – Vice Pres Allentown Electronic Products Division (EPD) Tom Noles – Director Organizational Effectiveness Allentown Materials Corpn. Don Rogers seeks help from Tom Noles Tom has come to study the company problems. Noles conducts study by having meetings and is ready with OE (Organizational Effectiveness Department) Poor relationships and communication is resulting in bad performance. But teams think it is because of bad market condition. - Decline in Defence markets - Need to enter consumer market where the...
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...are wasting resources that can produce energy as if they are limited. Humans are able to generate approximately 150W of power while riding bicycle. However, this power goes waste without any use. If this is making use of this energy, would be able to power many electronic devices. A dynamo or an alternator can be used for harvesting the energy generated by a cycle rider while riding. We can charge mobile phones or a small lighting device with the power. Not only in bicycle but also in alternator bikes, cars and exercise bikes use this principle. Bicycle generators are mini-power stations, that allow you to convert human effort into electricity. They have been around since at least the early 1900s, when they used during WWI to power field radio equipment. A bicycle generator can be a very efficient, inexpensive and easy to construct. Portable charger are used to charge electronic devices, almost all electronic device user’s have a portable charger. Portable charger is like a portable battery you can plug your phone in, to charge it when you don’t have access to an electrical outlet or USB port on computer.In this research I will use a regular bicycle to be the power source in a portable charger for the use to charge a cellular phone. BACKGROUND OF STUDY RESEARCH OBJECTIVE The aim of this research is to make a prototype of a cellular phone whose power source is a regular dc generator. The main target of this research are the cyclist who uses their phone/smartphone while...
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...procedure information, and sick or vacation days. Strategic human resource management is the proactive management of people. It requires thinking ahead, and planning ways for a company to better meet the needs of its employees, and for the employees to better meet the needs of the company. This can affect the way things are done at a business site, improving everything from hiring practices and employee training programs to assessment techniques and discipline. In this assignment strategic human resource management of the company Siemens is taken for study, since it has a strong Strategic HRM. Siemens is a leading technology business and one of the largest electrical and electronics engineering companies in the world. In the UK, it employs over 20,000 people and is in the top three electrical and electronics companies in the world. It has been a pioneer in innovation since 1843 when Siemens installed the first street light in Godalming, Surrey. In 2006, Siemens UK invested over £74.4 million on research and development. The company designs and manufactures products and services for both industrial customers and consumers. It operates in three main sectors: In industry, Siemens develops systems for transport, for example, London’s traffic monitoring for its congestion charge scheme. It is also the second largest provider of trains for major UK rail companies like FirstGroup. Siemens also provides lighting and electrical systems for major construction projects. In energy, Siemens'...
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...An Industry-oriented Mini-Project Report on WIRELESS DC MOTOR SPEED AND DIRECTION CONTROL USING RF COMMUNICATION Submitted to Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Mahaveer Institute of Science and Technology (Approved by AICTE) and affiliated to JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Hyderabad, (A.P.). in partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the award of Degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in Electronics & Communication Engineering Submitted By K. Vinay 08E31A04C8 GUIDE MINI-PROJECT COORDINATOR HEAD OF DEPT. Mr. Sridhar Chitta Mr. M. Nagaraju Naik Dr. B. Visvesvara Rao . MAHAVEER INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Vyasapuri, Bandlaguda, Post: Keshavgiri, Hyderabad – 500 005 2011 - 2012 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the mini project work titled WIRELESS DC MOTOR SPEED AND DIRECTION CONTROL USING RF COMMUNICATION, which is being submitted By K. Vinay 08E31A04C8 in partial fulfilment for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering to the Mahaveer Institute of Science and Technology, affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University and is a bonafide record of work carried out by them under our supervision. The results embodied in this mini-project report have not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma. Project Guide Project Coordinator Head...
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...According with Solomon, The National Endowment for the Art made a survey that indicated people who read are active in the community. For example, people who like to read will go to museums and musical performances more often, and perform volunteer and charity. This is compared to non-readers, who have little to no active engagement with the community. The author declares that electronic media can be dangerous for nonreaders because most people use television or other electronics as a means of relaxing, consequently absorbing all of the good and bad information. However, readers were able to filter the information more effectively while watching television. Solomon claims that people who read do not feel alone because they see a book as a friend, while people who do not read and spend their days with electronics devices tend to feel depressed. Reading is a mentally active experience and helps us learn. It can also help us stay guarded from future mental illnesses like Alzheimer’s. If we are not active and do not exercise our minds, we have a higher chance of developing Alzheimers. The Nazis feared the power of reading many forms of literature, taking measures to burn books because the material within was viewed as being subversive, or representative of ideologies in opposition to Nazism. Today, reading allows Americans to be better informed on issues within our own country, giving us the opportunity to have our own thoughts and opinions on life in society and politics. If we...
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...within Outlook Expeditions are: * Information relating to absences which helps managers to monitor the number and type of absences each employee takes using the Bradford Factor guidelines and implements any action that is necessary. * Employment details, contract terms, pay and hours. This ensures that all employees have the minimum legal requirements in line with the National Minimum Wage Act 1998. Two methods of storing information are: Electronic files Each employee has an individual electronic file which is saved on a network drive and backed up each evening. The backup is essential as it reduces the potential for permanent loss of data files. The benefit of storing the data this way is that there is instant access to an individual’s data and it is easier to update information. This method also reduces the amount of paperwork which helps Outlook to achieve its goal of a paperless office. Electronic storage also reduces the amount of office space needed to store paper files and in the event of a fire or flood, an electronic system is easier to restore whereas paper files cannot be recovered. Paper...
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...splitters. Types of ports that are available on expander hardware: USB, Ethernet, firewire,DB-25,Serial,VGA,DVI,SCSI,Audio,Video,Microphone,RS-422,SATA,SAS,SSD,Modbus Serial. SAS(Statistical Analysis System; not to be confused with SAP) is a software suite developed by SAS Institute for advanced analytics business intelligence, data management, and predictive analytics, RS-422 is a technical standard originated by Electronic Industries Alliances that specifies electrical characteristics of a digital signaling circuit. Differential signaling can transmit data at rates as high as 10Mb/s or may be sent on cables as longs as 15meters. SATA is the faster serial version of parallel ATA (PATA) interface. Both SATA and PATA are integrated drive electronics, which means the controller is in the drive, and only a simple circuit is required on the motherboard. USB is an industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors and communications protocols used in a bus for connection, communication, and power supply between computers and electronic devices. Ethernet is a system for connecting a number of computer systems to form a local area network, with protocols to control the passing of information and simultaneous transmission...
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