...Research and evaluation go hand-in-hand as key features that contribute to any successful public relations efforts. Without them, public relations plans and activities would have no clear direction or guidance as to how to speak to their intended audiences. With the increase in organisations seeking justification for their PR spend; it is even more important for practitioners to demonstrate return on their investment through their own evaluation. Effective primary and secondary research, along with a commitment to ongoing evaluation is crucial to any public relations plan. It is important that both research and evaluation are always undertaken as it will ultimately provide a solid foundation and help to ensure the campaign is continually evolving, increasing the chances of its success. Research, an essential tool for any public relations campaign, assists with the gathering of information and opinions, contributing to the strategic plans ability to increase its efficiency, establish realistic goals and target the right market. With the main purpose of research being to find answers to the questions being asked, it enables the public relations practitioner to build theories that will assist in solving the problems they will face. Harold D. Lasswell, a political scientist, explained the questions every practitioner should ask, ‘who says what, to whom, how, with what effect’ (Lindenmann 2006, p. 3). If a practitioner can find answers to these questions, they will be in a better...
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...It is said that Public Relations efforts starts and end with research. The fact cannot be underestimated. Top management in most organisations need to understand the current situations and circumstances affecting the organisation and its activities before decisions are made. Initiating programmes without having invested in any form of research will be a recipe for failure or ineffectiveness of programmes or campaigns. Leaders and front liners need to make informed decisions to make success happen for their organisations. Public relations research carried out should ideally focus on three major areas. Analysis of: 1. The situation, which the organisation finds itself in 2. The organisation itself and 3. The publics of the organisation ANALYZING THE SITUATION At every point in the PR planning process it is important for the PR practitioner to fully understand and accurately get the picture of what circumstance the organisation finds itself in at the moment. Without this fundamental knowledge acquisition, the goals that need to be set for campaigns and other programmes cannot be effectively done. It is always the case that there will be either a situation that presents an advantage to the organisation- an opportunity or one that has the potential of hindering the organisation from realizing its objectives- an obstacle. Recently, technology giants Apple Inc. in the United States had their reputation on the line as users of their new IPhone 6 posted online videos...
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...Research methodology 8 CHAPTER TWO TOPIC SELECTION 2.1 Learning objectives After completing this chapter, the student should be able to : 1. Examine the cyclical nature of t he development of a research proposal 2. Describe the principles underlying whet her a problem situation is researchable. 3. List the criteria for selecting a research topic. 4. Identify and select his/her own topic ( health problem) for research based on certain guidelines. 2.2 Introduction The development of a health project goes thr ough a number of stages. Formulation of the research proposal is the major task in the pr ocess of developing a research project. The proposal draws on all the preparat ory steps of the research pr ocess and pulls them together in a document describing the rationale and the methodology proposed for research. The proposal is a basis for approval and funding. After approval, the proposal is used as a blueprint during implementation of the project. It should be no ted that devel opment of a research proposal is often a cyclical process. T he process is not always linear. It is a usual practice to go up and down on the developed pr oposal and make the necessary revisions. Is there evidence to indicate that the resear ch proposal focuses on a problem of priority importance? Was the given health problem identified by rele vant groups of the health system? Was the problem adequately analysed to include all possible contributory factors from...
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...Public Relations Research Comm 3000 Syllab us Jan uary 1 I n s t ru c t o r : Z h u o B a n E m ai l : b a n z u @ u c m a i l . u c. e d u O f f i c e : M c M i c k e n H a l l R o o m 11 9 C O f f i c e h o u rs : T / R b y a p p o i n t m e n t INSIDE THIS SYLLABUS Course Objectives Unfortunately, no one can learn all there is to learn about research. Thousands of research methods have been created and used already, and thousands more are being developed as we speak. No, this course won’t teach you all you need to know about PR research. It will, however, provide you with an overall picture about the most popular research tools and practices. Students will be guided through a number of hands-on research projects that help them to develop a basic skill set to tackle the research (related) tasks most commonly issued to PR professionals. More essentially, students are encouraged to contemplate the philosophy of research for PR. It sounds abstract, but a philosophy of research provides answers to such important, and practical, questions as: When to conduct research? Who should be included in the research process? To what end should the research be carried out? 1 Course Objectives 2 Course Material 3 Course Requirements 4 Expectations 5 Class Schedule Upon completion of the course, you should be able to: • Explain how public-relations professionals frame research questions, set goals and objectives, and select the best methods to answer specific research questions; Plan...
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...Participant Observation Research 1. Participant observation is one type of data collection method typically done in the qualitative research paradigm. It is a widely used methodology in many disciplines, particularly cultural anthropology, less so in sociology, communication studies, human geography and social psychology. Its aim is to gain a close and intimate familiarity with a given group of individuals (such as a religious, occupational, sub cultural group, or a particular community) and their practices through an intensive involvement with people in their cultural environment, usually over an extended period of time. The method originated in the field research of social anthropologists, especially Bronisław Malinowski in Britain, the students of Franz Boas in the United States, and in the later urban research of the Chicago School of sociology. 2. Direct observation, also known as observational study, is a method of collecting evaluative information in which the evaluator watches the subject in his or her usual environment without altering that environment. Direct observation is used when other data collection procedures, such as surveys, questionnaires, etc., are not effective; when the goal is to evaluate an ongoing behavior process, event, or situation; or when there are physical outcomes that can be readily seen. Direct observation can be overt, when the subject and individuals in the environment know the purpose of the observation, or covert, when the subject and individuals...
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...A Custom Research Project Statement of Work for NetSuite October 24, 2012 Statement of Confidentiality The enclosed information is submitted to NetSuite for the purpose of evaluating the SMB Group, its products and its services. The information included in or with this document, in its entirety, is considered both confidential and proprietary and may not be copied or disclosed to any third party, without the prior written consent of the SMB Group. The content of this proposal supersedes that of any previous proposal. This proposal is valid for thirty (30) days from the proposal date above. SMB Group, Inc. ( www.smb-gr.com ) | 17 Lancaster Rd. Northborough, MA 01532 | (508)410-3562 (P) October 24, 2012 Vishrut Parikh Director, Product Marketing NetSuite 2955 Campus Drive, Suite 100 San Mateo, CA 94403-2511 Dear Vishrut, Thank you for the opportunity to submit a proposal for a whitepaper about the TCO of Cloud/SaaS Delivered Integrated Business Application Suite vs. On-premise Solutions for SMB and Mid-Market Enterprises. This paper will highlight the total cost of ownership of NetSuite’s integrated cloud business application suite vs. comparable on-premise based ERP applications. We realize that you have many choices when selecting a research and consulting partner. The SMB Group is committed to providing real value and unsurpassed satisfaction in both our working relationship and in the services we provide to you. We hope this proposal meets your expectations...
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...New Zealand, 2010 ABSTRACT This research project explores crisis communication in theory and practice in Australia and New Zealand with specific focus on cultural influence, strategy applicability, and stakeholder relevance. A mixed-method approach was used to evaluate crisis communication in its theoretical and practical constituents. The research project comprises of the two data collection methods of content analysis and in-depth interviews. The content analysis, the selected method to evaluate the theory, was conducted from published research studies in leading Australian and New Zealand Public Relations and Communication journals, the websites of the PRism journal, the Australian and New Zealand Communication Association (ANZCA), the Public Relations Institutes of Australia (PRIA) and New Zealand (PRINZ), and via the database search platform Ebsco. The content analysis provided information about the number of published articles, leading theoretical models, research methods, and research orientation. The in-depth interviews, the chosen method to investigate the crisis communication practices, were conducted with three Australian and three New Zealand practitioners and addressed the issues of cultural influence, strategy applicability, and stakeholder relevance in crisis communication. However, both methods complement each other and add different perspectives to the research subject. The findings of this research project indicate a dominance of non-theoretical...
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...The first step in the students guide to research is to frame your research question. You must pose a question carefully and precisely. Whether you have noticed a problem that you think you could help fix or have a desire to understand something. You are forging the unknown. It’s important that you define your terms when coming up with a question so you know exactly what you are measuring, observing, and how to collect your data. When you evaluate your findings you must have a clear picture of what exactly you are looking for. The major assumptions and biases of the drug industry that underlie drug research is that the drug companies are for profit. So it is a huge conflict of interest and unethical for drug companies to be funding any research. Healthcare somewhere along the way got turned into a business, it is no longer about what is best for patients. Drug companies are only interested in making money and therefore they skew the research using varying tactics so that the public is none the wiser. They basically coerce everyone involved in the research process. They use manipulative PR tactics to cover up findings unfavorable to their research or products. To confuse and mislead the public. The offer varying degrees of truth on how the research is conducted, how they evaluate the findings, what they are and are not made aware of, and how exactly everyone involved is finically compensated. Another example of this would be paying for expert testimony in a trial...
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...marketing for various companies functioning in the Indian market? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using social media marketing? • What are the social media marketing techniques followed by Coke and Pepsi in beverage industry? • What are the ways in which social media can more effectively be used by Coke and Pepsi for marketing their products? 2.4 Thesis Limitations Although the researcher has taken great efforts to ensure that this thesis is able to reflect good comparison of social media marketing techniques used by Coke and Pepsi but still there are some limitations of this study which are highlighted hereunder: 1. The first limitation of this thesis is that the results of the study are not generalisable and they apply in research settings only. 2. Secondly the scope of this study is limited to city of Delhi only as the data has been collected by the researcher in...
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...Understanding Filipino Adolescents: Research Gaps and Challenges JOSEFINA V. CABIGON, PH.D.* ABSTRACT Maiksi subalit masalimuot ang panahon ng kabataan sa buhay ng tao. Ang suliranin ng pagsasaayos sa mga problemang kaakibat nito ay nangangailangan ng ganap na pag-unawa sa kabataang Pilipino ng kasalukuyang panahon. Nais ibahagi ng papel na ito ang pagtutukoy sa mga mahahalagang isyu na karaniwang di natugunan sa mga nauna nang pag-aaral. Ilan sa mga suliraning pampananalikssik ay binigyang pansin at inaasahang mapupunan ang mga puwang na patuloy pa ring naiiwan sa larangan. Ang mga kakulangang nais tugunan ay ang mga sumusunod na usapin: pagkakaisa sa pagpapakahulugan sa konsepto ng “kabataan” at sekswalidad; di-kumpletong datos ukol sa ugnayan ng bilang ng kabataan at bilang ng kabuuang populasyon; antas ng kamalayan ng mga stakeholders at kabataan mismo tungkol sa paglaki ng bilang ng huli; ang pangangailangan ng mga stakeholders ng napapanahon at bagong pagkaunawa tungkol sa antas, mga tagapagtakda, at kahihinatnan ng sekswalidad ng kabataan, pati ng kanilang fertility at reproductive health; at, ang kanilang kamalayan at pakikilahok sa mga gawaing panlipunan. Ilan sa mga rekomendasyon ay ang pagkakaroon ng pambansang sarbey sa mga bagong erya ng pag-aaaral kaakibat ang kwalitatibong pananaliksik, pananaliksik pampatakaran (policy research) at operations research. Ang artikulo ay isang pagtatangka sa paghahanap ng mga pamamaraan upang maimulat sa mga kabataan at sa...
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...OTHER FACTORS INFLUENCING CAREER CHOICES Interests Career choice will also be influenced by your interests. Most students tell us that they would like an ‘interesting’ job. Interests are of course, very personal, and two people may be interested in the same activity for quite different reasons. A chess player might relish the company, the intellectual challenge, the competition, the elements of psychological warfare. So what do you mean by ‘interesting’? Think of a couple of activities - work, study or leisure that you have enjoyed. 1 2 What interested you? · Mental stimulation? · Using your abilities? · Sense of achievement? · Excitement? · What else? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Which of your activities give you the most enjoyment? By choice, to which do you want to give most time? Is there an overall pattern? If so can you use it to take the following from 1 (most) to 6 (least) preferred? SCIENTIFIC/TECHNICAL (Experimenting, researching, design, analysis) PEOPLE(CARING) (assisting, caring, advising) PEOPLE (INFLUENCING) (organising, controlling, communicating) CREATIVE (art, craft, music, design) INFORMATION/DATA (numbers, analysing, classifying) PRACTICAL (making...
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...Govinda Rao Professor &Head of Department Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, GVPCOE (A) Project Viva - voce held on _____________. External Examiner Acknowledgements This project symbolizes the theoretical and practical application of my master's course in Thermal engineering. A lot of research work and time has been spending for the successful completion of the project. In spite of all my efforts, this project would not have completed in time with the kind help of many people. Therefore, I express my sincere gratitude and thankfulness to all of them. First, I would like to thank Sri. B. Ajit, Assistant Professor, for his kind suggestions and supporting this project successfully. First, I would like to thank Dr. P. Bhramara, Associate Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, JNTU Hyderabad for her revered mentoring, provide all facilities and guidance throughout this project. I am thankful to the Prof. Dr. A. B. Koteswara Rao, Principal, GVP college of Engineering (A) for providing all the facilities for the completion of my project. I also need to thank Prof. Dr. C. V. K. Bhanu, Dean, Academic Programs (PG & Research), GVP College of Engineering (A) for his support to complete the project. I am also thankful to the Dr. B. Govinda Rao, Head of the Department, GVP college of Engineering (A) for his support and helping for the completion of my project. I am also thankful to the Prof. Dr. V. Dharma Rao, GVP college of Engineering (A) for...
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...to develop a conceptual framework and a tool for measuring motivation of online learners. The study was carried out in three phases, the first of which was the construction of a framework, based on an extensive literature review. Phase two consisted of identifying variables computable from log file data, associate with the framework and compatible with previous empirical research. For this purpose, an empirical study was designed and a specific learning environment focusing on vocabulary for adults was chosen. Log files of a large population (N=2,162) were collected and variables were identified using Learnograms, a visual representation of learning variables over time. This phase resulted in seven explicitly defined variables, along with a mechanism to calculate them from the raw log files. The third phase included preprocessing of the dataset (reducing it to 674 cases) and application of hierarchical clustering of the variables. This phase resulted in three clusters interpreted to fit the three dimensions of motivation defined in the framework. A discussion of this study and further research is provided. 1 Introduction Assessment of learners' motivation in online environments has been a challenge for both researchers and instructors, and the reason for it is twofold: motivation is an important factor affecting the learning process and explaining individual differences, however it is a factor difficult to evaluate without direct contact with the learner...
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...and overview: 6 Scope of the dissertation: 7 Research questions: 8 The aim and the research tasks: 9 Structure of dissertation 10 Chapter-2 11 Literature review: 11 1. Theories on Corporate Social Responsibility: 11 2. Motivation behind Corporate Social Responsibility: 13 3. Financial performance as motivation: 14 4. Relation between CSR and Financial Performances: 16 Theories on CSR: 19 Instrumental theories: 19 Political theories: 19 Integrative theories: 20 Ethical theories: 20 Measurement of Financial Performances: 22 Chapter-3 22 Research Methodology: 22 Introduction 22 Research model and approach 25 Research collection 29 Process of data analysis 33 Chapter-4 34 Analysis 34 Survey questions 34 Focus group discussion 42 Chapter-5 43 Result and findings 43 Implications for practitioners 44 Implications for future research 45 Chapter-6 45 Recommendations and conclusions 45 Appendix-1 49 Questionnaire- 49 Interview questions- 51 Bibliography 52 Abstract- In today’s business world the word, “Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR) is more than a buzzword to the stakeholders. The concept of CSR is evolving in the business world from decades; however, the actual meaning with its impact is yet to be achieved. The emergence of Corporate Social responsibility in the business shows a new era of business, in this uncertain world. However, in this research report we only concentrate on today’s world. More...
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...&r' 1 || i I Test Anxiety Applied Research, Assessment, and Treatment Interventions i I : fet 2nd Edition I « MARTY SAPP m: I H 1 ttTttTtttttrrtiTTITTtrrtttttttttTtrttiTTtrrttTtttTtTTTtttttiTttt TEST ANXIETY Applied Research, Assessment, and Treatment Interventions 2nd Edition Marty Sapp University Press of America, Inc. Lanham • New York • Oxford Copyright © 1999 by University Press of America,® Inc. 4720 Boston Way Lanham, Maryland 20706 12 Hid's Copse Rd. Cumnor Hill, Oxford 0X2 9JJ All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America British Library Cataloging in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sapp, Marty. Test Anxiety : applied research, assessment, and treatment interventions / Marty Sapp. —2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. 1. Test anxiety—Research—Statistical methods. 2. Social sciences—Statistical methods. I. Title. LB3060.6.S27 1999 371.26'01'9—dc21 99—22530 CIP ISBN 0-7618-1386-1 (cloth: alk. ppr.) fc/ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48—1984 To my students Preface to First Edition Preface to Second Edition This text is divided into three parts. Part I deals with applied research design and statistical methodology frequently occurring...
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