...Crime Committed Police Notified Police Investigate Investigation may include interviewing victim, witnesses, suspects; collecting physical evidence; visiting, viewing, photographing, measuring crime scene; identifying suspects; through line-ups ... etc. Bifurcated Court System District court is where all misdemeanor offenses are handled and where the preliminary hearing for felony charges are held. Circuit court is exclusively for felony charges and any misdemeanors associated with the felony before the court. Felony charges may originate in district court before coming to circuit court through a waiver or referral of the charges to the Jefferson County Grand Jury. Felony charges can also be brought to circuit court by two other methods: direct submission and by information. Police Make an Arrest When a crime is committed in a police officer's presence --- or he has probable cause to believe that certain misdemeanors or any felony was committed that he did not see happen --- an officer may arrest a suspect on the spot without an arrest warrant. The officer will later submit a charging/warrant request to the Jefferson District Court and an Assistant Jefferson County Attorney will review the charges to make additions or corrections. Warrant/Charging Request Reviewed by Prosecuting Attorney (District Court - Misdemeanor Level) Most cases begin with a warrant request. This is generally the first time that the prosecuting attorney is involved in a case, unless he or...
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...Mary Surratt's death Did Mary Surratt receive a fair sentence or did she get the short end of the stick? Mary Surratt is the first woman to be hung by the government she owned a tavern and she was said to have helped in the assassination so she was tried and hung. Many people across the world have debated if Mary received a fair sentence for her crimes all the facts point towards she was rightfully hanged. One of the reasons she was hung was she helped Booth escape after killing the pres and gave him plenty of supplies. When the union came after lincoln’s killer she had lied to them and extended the chase which by law she was interfering with the...
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...Criminal Justice Process 1 Criminal Justice Process Amber Parker Saint Leo University Criminal Justice Process 2 There are 16 processes in the Criminal Justices system. They are Intake ,First Appearance, Bail, Right To Counsel, Substance Abuse Evaluations, Pre-Indictment Events , Plea Bargains, Pretrial Intervention Program (P.T.I.), The Grand Jury, The Indictment Process, The Pre-Arraignment Conference and Arraignment, The Status and Pretrial Conferences, Trials, Presentence Investigations, Reports and Sentencing, Post-Conviction Motions, and the "TEAM" concept in Criminal Case Processing I will address a few of those process and how they work. The first process is the reporting of a crime and the arrest. The second process is Intake the Criminal Division of Superior Court manages criminal complaints from the time they are lodged to their resolution or "disposition". The accused, or "defendant" is charged with an offense as a result of a formal complaint issued by a law enforcement agent or a citizen who believes an offense has been committed against their person or property. It can also result from an "indictment" by a panel of citizens gathered to consider evidence, called a "grand jury". Arrests can occur at the scene of a crime or based on warrants or sworn statements ordering a court appearance. All arrests must be based on "probable cause", or reasonable grounds...
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...treated, and ensuring that justice is practiced by agencies of law enforcement that include corrections and courts. The major processes of criminal justice include; investigation, apprehend, pre-trial, trial, appeals, sentencing, and corrections. The entire process should be carried out justly in order to protect the rights of all people involved whether offenders or innocents. Investigation When it is clearly determined that a crime or an offence has been committed, investigation is done in order to ensure that relevant and accurate information is gathered enough to sue the suspect. Investigation is considered as the first step involved in the criminal justice process. During this process all information that are related to the crime are objectively scrutinized. Investigation in criminology is defined as a process of exploring, gathering, preparing, identifying, and presenting relevant information that help in determining and explaining what took place at the scene of a crime (Hess & Orthman, 2009). It is through investigation that the person responsible for a crime is named and arrest processes are arranged. According to Hess and Orthman (2009), when a crime or felony is committed officials in charge are mostly interested in knowing the person responsible for the felony and the intentions. Investigation process of criminal justice is therefore a way of uncovering information concerning the committed crime. During the...
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...Usage of language in the sentence structure of FIR Submitted by: rana irfan Submitted to: Dr Athar Khurshid University of Management and Technology Usage of language in the sentence structure of FIR Introduction Filing an FIR may have become easier over the years, but what you write in it can leave both you and the policemen in a bit of a linguistic tizzy. The main reason is the customary use of Urdu/Persian words while registering an FIR. It begins at the outset with the bayan azaane (a compound Urdu-Persian word for statement description or expression) of the tehreer (complainant) being taken down. The contents usually follow with an average of six more similarly confusing words. If a complainant is mystified, so are the policemen, both officers and the lower ranks. It is natural that trainee cops would not have used such alien terms earlier but The officers get first-hand experience of how an FIR is registered as well as how a police station works in this part of their training. It's also during this time that they learn about such words. Initially we tell them the meaning of the words but gradually they get equipped to use such words said the SHO. Words like Daryaft (revelation) mushtaba (suspect) waqua (place of occurrence) nakal (copy) insdaad jarayam ( prevention of crime) could be easily found in the FIR copy though for the meaning you either Google it or ask someone...
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...The police service will decide whether to conduct an investigation after a complaint is filed. In this case, police would conduct investigation on Mr. James Lane. At this stage, he denied the crime he was accused for. The police service will submit a report to a criminal and penal prosecuting attorney (the "prosecutor"), who evaluates whether there is sufficient evidence for the convicted to be charged based on the results of its investigation. If there is, the prosecutor determines the charge to be laid. If the prosecutor considers there is lacking of evidence, he or she may close the file or request further investigation (Justice Quebec, 2009). However, in this case, there is sufficient evidence present to reveal he is the murderer though Mr. James Lane denied the crime he accused...
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...Roles and Stages of the Criminal Justice System Marlena Moore AIU Online International Roles and Stages of the Criminal Justice System In my paper I will discuss and give an overview of the criminal justice system and the different roles the different officers of the courts play. And the different stages that a defendant goes thru and when the decision is made to arrest and take the individual to trial. And the different stages of the investigation and who is involved. Roles and Stages of the Criminal Justice System The different stages are the Pre-arrest investigation that’s the stage takes place after a report of a criminal activity has taken place. Before an arrest is made law enforcement investigate whether a crime has occurred. Once they get the information is gather then they making a decision about whether a crime committed and who needs to be arrested. Then you have the Arrest and that’s when the accused is taken into custody by law enforcement. And that can happen in two ways: 1) law enforcement arrives on the scene and decides that there is probable cause to make an arrest and the officer can take the person into custody immediately, 2) the officer makes an arrest because he has a warrant for the individual. Then you have the Initial Appearance that usually happens following the arrest, the accused must be brought before the court. The court will tell the accused the charges and advise them of their rights to counsel and the right to remain silent. Then...
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...different models of accountability and analyzes the Individual Criminal Accountability model, which is primarily used today. The paper also helps explain why the international system relies heavily on prosecution to enforce human rights by looking at the: balance of power, transnational advocacy, and diffusion theories. Finally, the paper examines a case study analysis on Afghanistan and the implications an ICC investigation would have on the peace process. As of November 2017, the Office of the Prosecutor is considering opening an investigation into the criminal activity in Afghanistan and is awaiting a decision...
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...Procedure CRJ 306 February 11, 2013 Felonies are one of the worse crimes a criminal can commit. The worse punishment for a felony is death. Felonies range from murder, rape, assault, battery, larceny, robbery, arson, and burglary (Wallace & Roberson, 2012). When a criminal commits a felony there are always victims. The sentencing of someone that commits a felony is a daunting process from the police investigating of the crime, to the court hearings when the judge or the jury decided if the criminal was guilty or not guilty, then the sentencing process must take place. The whole process is a long and time consuming process. When someone is caught committing a felony there is an investigation by local law enforcement. The local law enforcement will start an investigation on the crime and start collecting evidence for the criminal’s court trial. Depending on the crime the crime there may need to be a search warrant for the local police officers can search either the premises or the criminal’s person. If the investigating team from the local law enforcement needs a search warrant the lead law enforcement officer will need to provide a judge with solid probable cause for investigating the premises or the criminal’s person. There is a time limit after offense is committed. Most federal crimes have a statute of limitations of five years from the date of the offense. Our book indicates that in most states a felony will carry a four year statute of limitations from...
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...A Probation Officer is an officer of the police force that watches criminals who have been placed on probation. Many criminals are placed on probation; in fact over the past decade probation has become the sentence that has been ruled more than any other. Probation officers on average earn about 48,000 a year. It takes a lot of work to become a probation officer. Some Offenders on probation do community service. Probation officers mostly just help criminals get back on track so they can have a normal life. Probation Officers have many different jobs. One primary job is handling pre-sentence investigations on offenders so the courts can figure out fitting sentences for them. That may include probation, jail or prison sentence, or both. Probation...
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...views of him getting back on the right track. There were also views that Robert and I found that we may handle differently. For control, when Kris was involved in occasional drug abuse, I thought Kris should conduct drug testing, and recommend treatment to prevent him from using drugs. Also for support to help Kris fulfill his dream of starting a business, something he wanted to do, I recommended a school and conduct motivational interviewing to get him thinking on a positive side. This article deals with pre-sentence reports, and is specifically designed to help prepare you for your interview with the probation officer. It is designed to help you get fair treatment by the judicial system at this, one of the most important hearings in your case. As in the previous examples, the probation officer acts as the judge's investigator as the court's advisor. The probation officer performs the investigation, prepares a report, and makes a recommendation to the judge as to what sentence you should receive. The judge is free to accept,...
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...Many of the benefits and costs associated with the death penalty cannot easily be quantified. The deterrence theory is arguably one of the main benefits of the death penalty. However, the results of that theory are murky and mixed, at best. There is a slight marginal benefit in reducing the overcrowding in prisons. However, when that benefit is measured again the entire judicial process, it is largely insignificant. The nonuse values linked to supporter's willingness to pay may be relatively great. The costs of the death penalty are quantified in more detail. The investigation, attorney preparation, trial, appeals process, and the actual execution of a capital case exceed the costs associated with a life imprisonment murder case. A Florida study revealed that the state spends six times as much money on a single capital case as it would to imprison a defendant until he dies (Von Drehle 1988a). False positives and nonuse values also increase the cost of capital punishment by some indefinite...
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...Smith was convicted on his plea of guilty of breaking and entering, and of being a habitual offender, fourth offense. Smith argued in the Court of Appeals that “he was entitled to be resentenced because the presentence investigation report contained references to his juvenile criminal record which had been automatically expunged pursuant to former records” (Lannen,2010). In People v. Smith in 1991 by the Supreme Court of Michigan. The issue was that a defendant, Ricky Franklin Smith, argued he should be resentenced because of the inclusion of the pre sentence investigation report of his previously expunged juvenile record. The Court of Appeals in Michigan agreed with the defendant and required that Smith be sentenced again. The Supreme Court, however, heard the case and reverse the decision stating the Smith did not need to be sentenced again on the basis...
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...system is a series of institutions and practices within the government who are directed towards upholding social control, mitigation and deterring of criminal activities. The criminal justice institutions are also involved in sanctioning individuals who violate the laws as well as recommending rehabilitation of other convicted individuals. A certain procedure is applied when the criminal justice institutions are carrying out justice and fair ruling in felony crimes at the state and federal level. The entire criminal justice process for a felony crime involves a series of stages, which are closely linked and dependent. The first stage is usually investigation of the criminal while the last stage involves release of the felon after undergoing correctional supervision. Usually an accused individual is arrested after the necessary investigations have been carried out which will link the person to that particular crime. Arrests are usually carried out by police officers upon presentation of a warrant legalizing the arrest such that the suspect is held in custody awaiting the court hearings. The process of arrest require that the rights of the suspect are read out to him/her this is sometimes referred to as the Miranda Rights which states that any information that is obtained during the arrest cannot be used against the accused in case their rights had not been read out to them. The constitution provides protection for the accused in that they should remain silent as anything that they...
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...METHODOLOGY In order for me to carry out this investigation I will be the `Caregiver` which involves me reading `Winnie the Pooh`, a gender neutral book to two of nieces and my nephew. I used a tape recorder to record them, which I then transcribed. I got the parents of the children to sign a consent form which I created; in which they will give me permission of undertake this language investigation. I intend to analyse and annotate my transcripts according to lexical, grammatical and caregiver language features which are evident within my texts. As I believe that these are crucial areas in the way children acquire language. I used Microsoft excel which allowed me to accurately count the number of verbs, adjectives, conjunctions, nouns etc. Which were used by each child. This resulted in statistical data that will create concrete evidence which I will use in my essay to support my analysis. INTRODUCTION/HYPOTHESIS For my A-level English language investigation coursework, I have chosen to evaluate child language Acquisition and how gender differences may be apparent at the telegraphic stage as well as how caregiver language can vary when interacting with different genders. When looking over at my transcripts I will keep a few questions into consideration: * Does gender influence child language acquisition? * Does caregiver language alter our verbal communication when interacting with different...
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