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Precedents Set by George Washington

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1. Washington created the first Presidential Cabinet. Who was on the Cabinet, and what Departments did they represent? Who is on the Cabinet today, and what Departments do they represent?

The first Presidential Cabinet members:

April 30, 1789-March 3, 1793 (Term 1)
Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State
Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury
Henry Knox, Secretary of War
Edmund Jennings Randolph, Attorney General

Reference: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/636381/George-Washington/24515/Retirement

Cabinet members today:

Joseph R. Biden, Vice President of the United States
Secretary Hillary Rodham Clinton, Department of State
Secretary Timothy F. Geithner, Department of the Treasury
Secretary Leon E. Panetta, Department of Defense
Attorney General Eric H. Holder, Jr., Department of Justice
Secretary Kenneth L. Salazar, Department of the Interior
Secretary Thomas J. Vilsack, Department of Agriculture
Acting Secretary Rebecca Blank, Department of Commerce
Secretary Hilda L. Solis, Department of Labor
Secretary Kathleen Sebelius, Department of Health and Human Services
Secretary Shaun L.S. Donovan, Department of Housing and Urban Development
Secretary Ray LaHood, Department of Transportation
Secretary Steven Chu, Department of Energy
Secretary Arne Duncan, Department of Education
Secretary Eric K. Shinseki, Department of Veterans Affairs
Secretary Janet A. Napolitano, Department of Homeland Security

The following positions have the status of Cabinet-rank:

Jack Lew, White House Chief of Staff
Administrator Lisa P. Jackson, Environmental Protection Agency
Jeffrey Zients, Deputy Director, Office of Management & Budget
Ambassador Ronald Kirk, United States Trade Representative
Ambassador Susan Rice, United States Ambassador to the United Nations
Chairman Alan B. Krueger, Council of Economic Advisers
Administrator Karen G. Mills, Small Business Administration

Reference: http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/cabinet

2. Washington was the first President to leave office after two terms. Is that precedent still followed today? Why or why not?

President Washington left the office of the President after two terms, not necessarily to set a precedent but because he was ready for retirement. Several presidents after Washington did attempt to remain in office for a third term but was not successful until President Roosevelt. Twenty-second Amendment that limited a President’s term to two was proposed on March 24, 1947, and ratified on February 27, 1951.

Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution

3. Washington was the first to establish foreign policy, and issued the Proclamation of Neutrality. What situation did this proclamation address? What agency advises the President on foreign policy today? What is the role of this agency?

The proclamation of Neutrality was established after France declared war on England. President Washington established this proclamation because France was an ally during the Revolutionary War and Great Britain supported America financially. He wanted both countries to know that that America was not taking one side or the other.

Today, the Secretary of State is the primary foreign policy advisor to the President. This position is regarded as one of the most prestigious jobs in American government. The primary role of the Secretary of State is a responsibility for the administration and management of foreign embassies and consulate offices. The Secretary also advises the President on which course of action will be in the best interest of the United States with respect to foreign association whether war or peacetime efforts. The Secretary is responsible for the negotiation of new treaties with foreign countries and travels extensively as the ambassador for peace and resolution to conflict. Domestically, the Secretary oversees the entry of foreign nationals into the United States and oversees the immigration and naturalization and the issuance and denial of passports.

References: http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/procneutral/ http://www.ushistory.org/gov/11a.asp

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