...Precipitation Lab Purpose: 1. Identify the ions present in various aqueous solutions. 2. Combine solutions and identify the reactions that form precipitates. 3. Write balanced molecular equation, complete ionic equation, and a net ionic equation for each precipitation reaction. Materials: • Small test tubes • Various solutions Procedure: 1. Add 10-15 drops of the each reactant to a test tube. 2. Observe the results when the two solutions are combined in the test tube. 3. Record your observations for when the two solutions are mixed together and draw and label the contents of the test tube. 4. If no precipitate (ppt) is detected, write NR or no reaction. 5. Clean your test tubes when finished Reaction #1: barium chloride + sodium sulfate Observations: Balanced molecular equation: BaCl2(aq)¬ + Na2SO¬4(aq) BaSO4(s)¬ + 2NaCl(aq) Complete ionic equation: Ba2+ + 2Cl- + 2Na+ + SO42- BaSO4(s)¬ + 2Na+ + 2Cl- Net ionic equation: Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4(s)¬ Name of product that makes the reaction occur: Barium sulfate Reaction #2: sodium carbonate + silver nitrate Observations: Balanced molecular equation: Na2CO3(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) 2NaNO3(aq) + Ag2CO3(s) Complete ionic equation: 2Na+ + CO32- + 2Ag+ + 2NO3- 2Na+ + 2NO3- + Ag2CO3(s) Net ionic equation: CO32- + 2Ag+ Ag2CO3(s) Name of product that makes the reaction occur: silver...
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...Precipitation Effect on Evolution Introduction Precipitation can have rapid and lasting effects on an ecosystem and evolution of the life forms throughout the region. Too much precipitation can cause flooding, eroding shorelines, and rising sea levels. The effects of such activity wash away food sources and ultimately changes the way the various life forms will behave and survive. If weather patterns change and eliminate or drastically reduce food sources and habitats, it can bring various elements of the ecosystem to extinction. The route chosen for this lab was to change precipitation patterns and land size moderately for both islands to evaluate how this would affect the finch population and see if either island would be able to sustain a population of finch with excessive rain or a lack of rain. These types of climate changes are happening throughout the world and result in dramatic behavioral adaptation to adjust to the environment. Materials The materials used for this lab were a computer and access to the Evolution Lab that is found on the student website of the University of Phoenix. Methods and Procedures Using the scientific method the research provided background information that two islands have similar variables pertaining to the ecosystem, finch characteristics, and finch population. The question is will a change in the current precipitation pattern have a lasting effect on the finch population? The hypothesis is if the precipitation increases it will erode...
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...2-4: Precipitation Reactions 1. Start Virtual ChemLab and select Precipitation Reactions from the list of assignments. The lab will open in the Inorganic laboratory. 2. React each of the cations (across the top) with each of the anions (down the left) according to the data table using the following procedures: Data Table | |AgNO3 (Ag+) |Pb(NO3)2 (Pb2+) |Ca(NO3)2 (Ca2+) | |Na2CO3 (CO32-) |A NR |F Milk color |K Milk color | |Na2S (S2-) |B dark grey |G Dark grey |L NR | |NaOH (OH-) |C light grey |H NR |M Milk color | |Na2S04 (SO42-) |D NR |I Milk Color |N NR | |NaCl (Cl-) |E milk color |J Milk color |O NR | a. Enter the stockroom by clicking inside the Stockroom window. Once inside the stockroom, drag a test tube from the box and place it on the metal test tube stand. You can then click on the bottle of Ag+ ion solution on the shelf to add it to the test tube. Click Done to send the test tube back to the lab. Click on the Return to Lab arrow. ...
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...Lab 5 – Weather and Climate Change Lab 5 - Demonstration 1: Modeling the Water Cycle POST LAB QUESTIONS 1. Which water cycle processes are represented in this model and by what components? Answer = the water processes that are represented in this model are condensation and evaporation. Condensation occurs under the lid of the jar. Some of the water in the jar evaporated. 2. Which processes are not represented? How could the model be altered to include these processes? Answer = Infiltration, Surface run-off, percolation, precipitation, transpiration, sublimation. I don’t see how you can change this experiment, unless you add more supplies. 3. How would the “weather” be affected if the water was at a decreased temperature? What about at an increased temperature? Answer = with decreased temperature the weather would be smooth compared to increased temperatures were things would be rough. Experiment 1: Water Movement POST LAB QUESTIONS 1. Develop a hypothesis predicting the effect of sunlight on evaporation? Hypothesis = By placing one bag of sand in direct sunlight and placing the other bag of sand in a shaded area, I believe the bag that’s in direct sunlight will show evaporation and condensation occur compared to the bag that’s in a shaded area. 2. Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or accept the hypothesis that you produced in...
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...Precipitation Reactions 2-4: Precipitation Reactions 1. Start Virtual ChemLab and select Reactions and Stoichiometry, and then select Precipitation Reactions from the list of assignments. The lab will open in the Inorganic laboratory. 2. React each of the cations (across the top) with each of the anions (down the left) according to the data table using the following procedures: Data Table | |AgNO3 (Ag+) |Pb(NO3)2 (Pb2+) |Ca(NO3)2 (Ca2+) | |Na2CO3 (CO32-) |A cloudy peach color peach |f. a milky white color |K a milky white color | | |color | | | |Na2S (S2-) |B a cloudy black color |G a cloudy black color |L no reactions | |NaOH (OH-) |C a cloudy bubbly brown color |H no reactions |M a milky white color | |Na2S04 (SO42-) |D no reactions |I turned a milky white color |N no reactions | |NaCl (Cl-) |E a milky white color |J turned a milky white color |O no reaction | a. Drag a test tube from the box and place it on the metal test tube stand. You can then click on the bottle of Ag+ ion solution...
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...The Green Movement American Intercontinental University The Green Movement Purpose: The purpose of this lab report is to demonstrate how changes in abiotic factor such as changes in precipitation patterns can influence plant populations. Introduction: During this observation I was observe ring the plant species called Kentucky Blue Grass. In this observation I will show how changes in the weather can affect the population of the grass. I will also explain how this may have some effect on Global Warming as well. Hypothesis: My hypothesis of this lab was that if you have more rain the population of the grass will greatly increase. Along with decent to great weather to help the grass grows and become healthy. Methods: There were three different times that I changed the rainy season to last The first experiment the rainy season lasted 150 days for five years, the next season lasted 100 days for five years and the last rainy season as set to last 50 days for five years. Results: My hypothesis was correct to a certain extent. I would think that the cooler the temperature the better the population but it seems that the warner the weather is when the biggest population occur. Discussion/Analysis: During the first observation I changed the rainy season to last 150 days. When the experiment started the temperature outside was 30 degrees and the population of the grass started at 500,000. As the first year went on the population slowly raised but for the most...
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...Ateneo de Naga University High School Grade 7 Science: Third Term Unit and Syllabus Lesson Plans (Regular Program) School Year 2013-2014 Teacher: VINCENT EDUARD A. STA.C LARA LG 7414 Unit V. EARTH AND SPACE 36 sessions | D E S I R E D R E S U L T S | ESTABLISHED GOALS 1. Demonstrate understanding of the physical features of the Philippine archipelago and its natural resources, including the ways by which these resources are conserved and protected.2. Demonstrate understanding of the different phenomena that occur in the atmosphere and how they affect human activities.3. Demonstrate understanding on the occurrences of eclipses.4. Demonstrate understanding of the relationships of the seasons and the position of the sun in the sky.• C1.2 Desire to improve themselves, to continually gain a deeper understanding of who theyare, and to become more authentically free and decisive in their actions• C1.6 Develop the perspectives over central ideas, methodologies, and conceptual geographies of the variety of intellectual disciplines • C1.7 Seek meaningful application of knowledge and skills to life situation• C1.10 Grow in awareness of the global nature of many social problems and relates them to the current issues and historical antecedents• C2.1 Acknowledge that there are universal values which qualify a truly human life• C2.2 Accept their weaknesses and strengths with genuine humility• C2.6 Respect respectable law and...
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...Planet Trojan X is approximately 110,546,002 Miles from the sun. Trojan X is very much similar to desert regions on earth with some exceptions. Such as instead of there being climate region changes, the entire planet has the same climate. Since the entire planet has the same climate type there was not much pressure on choosing the location to settle. There were a few things that proved to be necessary though such as a reliable water source and good food source nearby. We had found a great water source with an even greater wildlife and food source nearby. The timespan between night and day is very similar to earth’s timeframe with a few exceptions. Daytime lasts for only 8 hours and nighttime last for an average time of 16 hours due to the position of the planets in between Trojan X and the sun. In the region that we settled in there is a constant breeze that occurs, but on some nights there is a greater breeze that comes through and lowers the temperature drastically. Much like how the temperature in deserts on earth would be. It is very often that it rains on this hemisphere but that doesn’t mean it never rains. There is a timespan from where we will go 12 months with no rain and then the other twelve months of almost constant rain which makes crops a bit of a hassle for half the year. With the majority of Trojan X being a desert planet, there is an overabundance of sand. There are quite a bit of mountains a wild plants growing on them but over all its almost all sand. ...
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...Planning Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Email: ovi_buet07@yahoo.com Md. Abu Hanif Student, Department of Urban and Regional Planning Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Email: hanif07buet@yahoo.com Ishrat Islam, PhD. Associate Professor Dept. of Urban & Regional Planning Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Email: ishrat_urp@yahoo.com Abstract: The population of Dhaka City is increasing at a rapid pace than ever before. Due to ever increasing population pressure along with the causes and consequences of global warming; the environment of the city is degrading and the weather parameters are adversely challenged. The baseline temperature, precipitation and relative humidity are shifted and eventually accentuated due to changes in the climate system. A massive shift in the days with rainfall and days without rainfall results in water logging as well as water scarcity. This study primarily focuses on water logging problem of Dhaka city during monsoon (May to October) season. Water logging is such an acute problem for the inhabitants of Dhaka city that disrupts the traffic movement and create health, hygiene and environmental problem in the life of the city dwellers. The causes of the problem are manifold. Among the natural causes; erratic behavior of rainfall is at the top. And among the manmade consequences; unplanned urbanization, increased paved surfaces, destruction of natural landscape...
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...[pic] Environmental degradation and pollution and measures to control it [pic] Submitted by - Submitted to – Mohommad Suhaib Khan Respected Rajesh Sir Nitisha Bhandari Pranjali Kanel Princy Paneru 8 g1 Galaxy Public School Environmental degradation- Are the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems and the extinction of wildlife. It is defined as any change or disturbance to the environment perceived to be deleterious or undesirable. Environmental degradation is of many types. When natural habitats are destroyed or natural resources are depleted, environment is degraded. One major component of environmental degradation is the depletion of the resource of fresh water on Earth. Approximately only 2.5% of all of the water on Earth is fresh water, with the rest being salt water. Water scarcity is an increasing problem due to many foreseen issues in the future, including population growth, increased urbanization, higher standards of living, and climate change. Climate change affects the Earth’s water supply in a large number of ways. It is predicted that the mean global temperature will rise in the coming years due to a number of forces affecting the climate, the amount of atmospheric CO2 will rise, and both of these will...
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...Transpiration and Leaf Resistance By: Bernina Berber Due: February 24, 2011 Lab: Thursday 1:40pm Section: 15227 Introduction Transpiration is a part of the water cycle process, and it is the loss of water vapor from parts of the plants. It is a process similar to evaporation. Evaporation and diffusion cause the plant tissue to have negative water potential. If you were to compare transpiration it would be like saying it is close to sweating (but in plants), especially in leaves but also in stems, flowers and roots. Stomata are dots with openings on top of the leaves surfaces, which in many plants have numerous on the undersides of the foliage. The stomas are boarded by guard cells that open and close the pore. Leaf transpiration happens through stomata, it is considered as a necessary need associated with the opening of the stomata to allow the diffusion of carbon dioxide gas from the air for photosynthesis. Transpiration is very important for plants because it cools them and enables the mass flow of mineral nutrients and water from roots and shoots. The amount of water vapor within the plant tissue, air humidity, and air temperature all play a roll in the rate of transpiration. The rate of transpiration can be measured using the mass of water lost per unit area of leaf tissue relative to time. When you take a leaf from a plant it is obvious that water is lost from the tissue, however it has no source of water to compensate for its negative water potential, which keeps...
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...OUTLINE Subject: The Effects of Global Warming; the problems of water in the world 1. Introduction 1) Hook: industrial development 2) General Idea: industrial development has caused serious damages to the environment. 3) Thesis statement: Global warming causes negative environmental problems, particularly various problems of water in our lives. 2. Body Paragraph 1) Global warming (1) The reasons of global warming phenomenon (2) The effects of global warming phenomenon 2) The problems of water by global warming (1) Sea levels rise (2) Water shortages (3) Flood from heavy rains 3. Conclusion 1) The efforts of each countries and organizations Abstract In the twentieth century, using fossil fuel, industrial development has caused serious damages to the environment. This is one of the main factors in the formation of global warming that is closely linked to human activity, and it is caused by the greenhouse effect. Global warming has caused many negative effects to natural environment, especially problems of global water. In other words, the first serious problem of global warming is the rising sea levels, secondly negative problem is water shortages and last one is flooding from heavy rains. Each problem is made by climate changes and global warming by increasing surface temperature. For instance, melting Antarctic and Arctic glaciers have affected sea level rise, and decreasing rainfall and rising temperature have influenced water shortages and...
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...A River Runs Through It, A Perfect Storm, Urban Legend and Party of Five Authors and writers of novels and screenplays are often faced with a very difficult task. They must produce a work which will capture a person’s attention and hold it throughout the work. Norman Maclean and Paul Junger do this in their novels A River Runs Through It and A Perfect Storm, respectively. As do the writers and producers of Urban Legend and Party of Five. There are countless ways to keep a person’s interest. But there are two that are prevalent in these four works. These writers use dramatic irony, constant action, and a hint of mystery to captivate a reader or viewers attention. The thriller Urban Legend is the story of a murderer on a college campus who kills people using various methods in accordance with urban myths. For example, one "urban legend" is a gang initiation ritual. It is said that a gang member will drive without their lights on until somebody flashes them. The person who flashes their lights must now be killed in order to gain acceptance into the gang. While this is not necessarily true, it is a story that many have heard, and the movie is based upon these tales similar to these. Urban Legend is action packed and filled with mystery (never letting on as to who the killer is until the final seconds). By keeping this high level drama throughout the movie, the producers have in effect, kept a viewers attention and let them focus more deeply on the story. Junger’s A Perfect...
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...Climate Change Science and Superstorm ‘93 June 20, 2011 METEOSAT infrared satellite photo March 1993 "Storm of the Century" (13 March 1993). Source: NOAA National Climatic Data Cent er Climate Change Science Changes OverTime Prior to 1800 –the Earth’s climate was not a compelling topic Today - it is a major concern although the causes are hotly disputed Climate Change Science is one example where there has been significant growth in knowledge over the last 200 years Climate Change Science Effects of Increased Knowledge The Discovery and Proof of: ◦ Green House Effect 1824 - Greenhouse effect discovered by Fourier 1859 - John Tyndall confirmed Fourier discovery by confirming that H2O and CO2 absorb infrared heat 1955 - Isotopic signature of industrial based CO2 emissions discovered by Hans Suess 1958/1960’s - Charles David Keeling proved CO2 was increasing in the atmosphere Led to: ◦ Adoption and Use of Climate Modeling 1970’s/80’s Suke Manabe and James Hansen began modeling climate projections Resulting in : ◦ Organizations Established to Study Climate Change and its Impacts National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Global Institute for Space Studies (GISS) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Climate Change Science Example 1: Green House Effect Discovered in 1924 - Natural layer of gases covering...
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...Global Warming: A raging problem that can make the world inhabitable. In my past few years, whenever I hear people mention of global warming, all that is in my knowledge is the flooding of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere which makes the earth slowly hotter every time. It wasn’t a big deal for me at all but, in the past few months, I got to be more aware of the matter, as global warming is paving its path towards a major problem for humanity. I can now hear people talking about it, and I can read in the articles at the internet on how to combat global warming. Now, I can say that global warming is spoken about as much and we are very much aware of its problem. Unfortunately, we are not helping to fight against it. The documentary by Al Gore entitled, “An Inconcenient Truth”, speaks of how greatly affected the world climate has been since the introduction of the industrial age. The high temperatures recorded are proportional to the carbon dioxide composition in the air which suggests that carbon dioxide is the main cause of global warming. It is also stated that if this kind of pattern will go for another few decades, we will experience a temperature increase several times hotter than the medieval period. It’s very discouraging to know that not everyone is doing their best to battle against global warming. The most depressing part of the documentary was when he said that the melting glaciers would give a 20 foot increase in the water level which will result to submerged...
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