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Predestined Actor Model

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I. Introduction
Due to the fact that “many of the proposals made by classical theorists had little effect on the crime problem of the time, as well as the fact that statistical improvements in crime measurements began to reflect the existence of certain patterns in the manifestation of crime… the attention was drawn away from notions of rationalism and punishment, and toward an investigation of the causes of crime, stressing in particular the influence of hereditary, psychological and social factors (Glick, 2004: 69).” The school of thought that believes in behaviour primarily being attributed to inherited predispositions and genetic influences is the Positivist school (predestined actor model). The predestined actor model has three basic formulations: …show more content…
In the 19th century an idea arose that criminality was inherited as physical characteristics are inherited. Studies to prove this where done in three categories: criminal family studies, twin studies and adoption studies. The earliest heredity studies focused on degenerate families (Vito & Maahs, 2011: 86), and researchers (Goddard and Dugdale) believed that criminal behaviour and traits were fixed so that criminality would always run in the family (Joubert, 2014: 33). Both researchers, however, observed social as well as inherited criminal characteristics as causes of crime. Modern studies also suggest that crime runs in families, specifically that parental criminality is a relatively strong and consistent predictor of delinquency. But most scholars are still of the opion that a person’s environment is the most influential factor. An example provided by Criminolohists, Robert Sampson and John Laub (Vito & Maahs, 2011: 86), is that criminal parents may be less effective at socialising their children and may be role models for deviant behaviours. Poor parenting can be an explanation for the relationship between parent and child criminal …show more content…
Question 2: Case Study on Susan Fryburg

In your opinion which factors played a decisive role in Susan’s criminal behaviour, who can take the blame, genetics or the environment? Substantiate your answer with information from the case study
Introduction
The case study on Susan Fryburg is a prime example of a case in which there is an argument between nature vs nurture. Below I will provide my opinion on which factors played a decisive role in Susan’s criminal behaviour, and whether genetics or environmental factors can take the blame. This will be done by dividing the various examples from the case study into two categories – genetic and environmental, and then discussing them below.
GENETIC FACTORS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
• Mother had a sever drinking problem
• Mother’s crime was prostitution – her crime was also prostitution • Father left home when she was very young
• Lots of older brothers and sisters who ran the household and then left when Susan was 9 years old.
• Mother had lots of men visitors
• She was ridiculed because of the men who visited her mother, particularly the black man
• Mother had a sever drinking problem
• She was removed from mother’s care and placed in a foster home at the age of nine (and subsequently ran away from 3 foster

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