...Predictive Policing By Amiracle L. Grace CIS500 Information Systems for Decision Making Professor Constance Blanson Strayer University July 16, 2014 ABSTRACT You will briefly read about Table of Contents Introduction 4 Application of IT 5 Four IS Functions 6 IT and Crime Prevention 7 SWOT Analysis 7 Future of Predictive Policing 8 REFERENCES 9 Introduction In previous and the most recent years, police officers have increased their use of new technologies to become more effective when it comes to reducing crime. The oldest technology that has been used is COMPSTAT formerly known as Computer Statistics. COMPSTAT has been around to implement strategies in law enforcement on stopping crime before it starts. COMPSTAT builds onto the UCR (Uniform Crime Report) to analyze which crime is being mostly committed, the county (or city), which age group and ethnicity is committing those crimes. COMPSTAT relies on human recognition patterns based on past crimes (Goode, 2011). In 1994, COMPSTAT was developed within the New York Police Departments. The New York Police Department used COMPSTAT to manage crime. COMPSTAT has been proven to be extremely effective within the New York Police Department. It has become a great success in controlling crimes and its disorder within the police jurisdiction. COMPSTAT is used for strategic decision-making when targeting crime in areas of the city. COMPSTAT is a database that includes daily crime counts by each precinct (Henry, ). In the beginning...
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...time. Early crime fighting or policing had the task of solving crimes with limited resources. Police departments for a long time used telephones, two way radios and vehicles to solve crimes, but as technology evolved, so did policing. Policing “is more streamlined and efficient now that computers play a major role in the way police officers work” (Brown, 2013). Police departments now utilize information technologies like dashboard cameras, laptops in their vehicles, GPS units, forensics work and fingerprint and criminal databases. CompStat is an information technology strategy that was adopted in New York City in 1994. It allows the police department to map areas where crimes occur, identify problem areas and “hotspots” within the city. It essentially predicts a crime before it happens. This allows the department to place officers in the proper areas, so that arrests can be made or so that crimes can be avoided. Police officers are more equipped to fight crime with information technology just performing random patrols of the streets. CompStat gives officers specific details so that they know exactly where to direct their attention. Simply patrolling the streets allows officers to have more of a community presence and build relationships with citizens of the city. CompStat’s output is based on past crimes, so patrolling the streets would make officers more accessible to adrress crimes that are happening for the first time. Compstat takes control of the streets away...
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...Running Head: Week 2 Assignment 1 Predictive Policing Week 2 Assignment 1 Predictive Policing Your Name Professor Alexander Peter CIS 500 Information Systems For Decision Making 21 April 2014 The components of an information technology system connect with an organization’s mission to enhance their capability. With that the organization can incorporate components of an information technology system to become more proficient in their mission in providing quality services or products. The new components of an information technology system allow organizations to be propelled to the twenty first century from and information technology perspective. Department stores use components of an information technology system to gather information to better service the customers. The company gathers valuable information coupled with analyzing the data and then realigns the needed resources accordingly. They can exceed in meeting the quota of providing supply-in-demand in certain instance. Companies utilize websites to capture information about customers when they visit and browse their website. When the customer login or browse a website a Cookie is created to capture what sites the customer visited and their browsing history. This allows the company to learn what the customer’s vested interest is and provide multiple resources to obtain it. Multiple search engines such as Google, Bing, Yahoo, AltaVista, Excite and AOL search to name a few, which capture...
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...Predictive Policing: Fighting Crime Using Information Technology Andrew E. Carrington III Strayer University Abstract The days of a police department’s dependency on random patrol techniques alone to fight crime are a thing of the past. Police departments across the United States have begun to use a strategy known as COMPSTAT (computer statistics). COMPSTAT is an extremely successful crime analysis and law enforcement management process developed by the New York Police Department. COMPSTAT uses Geographic Information Systems to map the locations of where crimes occur. The application of information technology has enabled countless police departments across the United Stated to reduce crime. This method known as predictive policing has led to a decrease in several crimes such as automobile thefts, robberies, and burglaries. Predictive Policing: Fighting Crime Using Information Technology Using statistics and analytical data to predict criminal activity has become standard practice in several police departments throughout the United States. This type of policing is known as predictive policing. Police and the use of information technology (IT) have received interest from a wide research community. One advantage of the predictive policing and the information systems are they allow for the police to respond to the crime much faster. Predictive policing also involves threats and weaknesses as the transition is attempted to bridge the gap between traditional policing methods...
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...500 – Information Systems for Decision Making Name: Sindhura Garikapati Assignment Title: Predictive Policing Professor: Dr. Mark Cohen Date: 8 July 2014 ABSTRACT Predictive policing relies on using advanced technological tools and data analysis to take proactive measures to pre-empt crime. Predictive policing is the advanced strategy of using information systems to forecast future crime and take necessary measures to prevent them. Los Angeles police department Chief of Detectives Charlie Beck defines it this way – “With new technology, new business processes, and new algorithms, predictive policing is based on directed, information-based patrol; rapid response supported by fact-based prepositioning of assets; and proactive, intelligence-based tactics, strategy, and policy. The predictive-policing era promises measurable results, including crime reduction; more efficient police agencies; and modern, innovative policing.”(©ACLU of Massachusetts) TOPIC 1 Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. The professional era of policing began in the 1960’s when the policing strategy was based largely on random patrol, rapid response and reactive investigation. Unfortunately...
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...Predictive Policing Walter Clay Strayer University Predictive Policing In order to compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. We have to look into the technologies available to them today. Predictive policing has become the one of leading standard for police departments today. Predictive policing primary role is to simply pre-empt crime, it is rooted heavily in business analytics and relies advanced technical tools and data analysis. In 2009, Charlie Beck, Chief of Detectives for the Los Angeles defined predictive policing in the following terms: “With new technology, new business processes, and new algorithms, predictive policing is based on directed, information-based patrol; rapid response supported by fact-based prepositioning of assets; and proactive, intelligence-based tactics, strategy, and policy. The predictive-policing era promises measurable results, including crime reduction; more efficient police agencies; and modern, innovative policing.” Dr. John Morgan introduced the five elements of predictive policing that focuses on integrated operations, seeing the big picture, cutting-edge analysis and technology, linkage to performance, and the adaptability to changing conditions. Technology is used in many different ways to implement the basics of the five elements. It is used for simple tasks as crowd control to the complex task of traffic...
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...Understanding Predictive Policing Christian Turner CIS 500 - Information Systems Decision Making Dr. Edwin Otto 10/23/13 In today's fast-paced world, we are always looking for ways to improve the processes that we have in place. Not only to make these processes more efficient, but to also have a more effective way to complete tasks from the smallest detail to the largest project. With the influx of importance on information technology in our society, it is no surprise that we can use software for process improvement as well. Predictive policing is a perfect example of this combination of a proven process and information technology coming together to create an effective tool. Compstat (COMPuter STATistics) is one such tool that has optimized police departments abilities to predict and reduce crime when compared to random street patrols. Our society is sophisticated on many levels and crime is no different. Just as we have advancements on the positive aspects of life, the negative aspects are advancing right alongside. Predictive policing, "taking data from disparate sources, analyzing them and then using the results to anticipate, prevent and respond more effectively to future crime", can and has been a great positive advancement for mitigating and in some cases stopping crime altogether. Pearsall, B. (2010, May). "Predictive policing entails becoming less reactive. "The predictive vision moves law enforcement from focusing on what happened to focusing on what will happen and...
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...Predictive Policing Elizabeth Lancaster Strayer University Information Systems for Decision Making CIS500 Dr. Rose July 10, 2014 Predictive Policing Predictive policing, in essence, is taking data from disparate sources, analyzing them and then using the results to anticipate, prevent and respond more effectively to future crime (Pearsall, n.d). In an attempt to effectively compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets, first you need to examine what information technology is available to police today. The term predictive policing is the name given to “any policing strategy or tactic that develops and uses information and advanced analysis to inform forward-thinking crime prevention” (Predictive Policing Symposium, 2010). Information technology is “the collection of computing systems used by the organization” (Turban & Volonino, 2011). Information technology (IT) is used to optimize the performance of police departments’ and reduce crime where prior to information technology, it was necessary for police officers to physically, patrol the streets in random locations in order to reduce crime. Police use information technology tools at almost every stage, including allocation of sources, patrolling, crime prevention, crime tracking, hot pursuits, and crime solving. New technologies have changed drastically in our ways of thinking, our perceptions, our...
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...Predictive Policing By Jamia Yant April 13th, 2012 In order to effectively compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets, we first have to look at exactly what information technology is available to police today. The term predictive policing is the name given to “any policing strategy or tactic that develops and uses information and advanced analysis to inform forward-thinking crime prevention”. (Predictive Policing Symposium, 2010) The five elements of predictive policing focusing on are integrated information and operations, seeing the big picture, cutting-edge analysis and technology, linkage to performance, adaptability to changing conditions. There are a very large number of ways technology used to implement these five elements: patrol staffing and resource allocation, time and location of future incidence in a crime pattern, identify individuals who are likely to reoffend/early detection of career criminals, analysis of predatory patterns, threat and vulnerability assessment, city/neighborhood planning, traffic management, crowd control …and the list goes on. In a world where technology is developing and evolving faster than it can be implemented, it is realistic to assume that the police force would adapt and use that technology to place them in a good position to be able to adequately and effectively do its job. The first element...
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...Introduction In recent years, the idea of predictive policing, or the use of statistics and data to make policing decisions, has become widely popular in the United States. As police departments faced reduced budgets, improving efficiency in how they work to prevent crime is of great importance (Goode, 2011). However, predictive policing also create a focus on accountability, which has caused some police officers to respond negatively to such pressures (Willis, Mastrofski & Weisburd, 2003). The purpose of this paper is to briefly examine predictive policing and how tools such as COMPSTAT allow police departments to respond more efficiently to criminal activity. Information Technology vs. Random Patrols Before discussing specific issues involving the use of COMPSTAT as part of predictive policing, it is important to compare and contrast the use of information technology as a way of optimizing police department performance with the more traditional use of random street patrols. The use of information technology applications and performing random street patrols are actually similar because both methods of identifying and responding to crime are intended to examine the events and conditions that exist in a particular area so that criminal activity can be prevented before it actually occurs (Bratton & Malinowski, 2008). In essence, regardless of whether information technology applications or random street patrols are used, the overall goal is to be positioned in a way that...
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...Predictive Policing CIS 500 Information System Decision Making January 16, 2013 In an effort to effectively compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets, we first need to examine what information technology is available to police and further more what information technology means. Information technology is “the collection of computing systems used by an organization” (Turban & Volonino, 2011). According to the Omega Group, who does analysis and mapping with patrol and fire response for successful implementation strategies, the definition of predictive policing as stated by NIJ (A National Discussion on Predictive Policing) is “any policing strategy or tactic that develops and uses information and advanced analysis to inform forward-thinking crime prevention” [ (Silva, 2012) ]. Technology is used in conjunction with predictive policing to implement different information and operations such as crowd control, police patrol, early detection of repeat offenders, traffic control and management, and even neighborhood watches. Today information technology (IT) is used to optimize the performance of police departments’ and reduce crime however in the past random patrols of the streets was the way that police reduced crimes. Before the 90’s New York City had a high crime rate but since the implementation of a data driven management model named COMPSTAT the...
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...Predictive Policing—Week 2 Assignment 1 Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. CompStat was design to reduce the rate of crime. The process incorporated in the CompStat features are divided into to features. The first look evaluates the crime and the effect it creates in the community. The second look examines the concerns surrounding the dynamics of the police department. Concentrating majority on the best managing police personnel, risk management , use of force, pursuits, complaints, and accompanying municipal liability. Reengineering the police department develops consistent structure for reducing or eliminating the response to crime, result that can produce significant public safety gains which will create a better direction towards police performance. Describe how CompStat, as an information system (IS), implements the four basic (IS) functions. : * Input—Accurate and timely intelligence: * Know what is happening. * Processing—Effective tactics: * Have a plan. * Output—Rapid deployment: * Do it quickly. * Feedback—Relentless follow-up and assessment: * If it works, do more. If not, do something else Determine how information systems have allowed police departments that implement tools such as CompStat to respond to crime faster. The accurate and timely intelligence includes successful...
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...Predictive Policing Anthony Smith-Ranson Strayer University Information Systems for Decision Making CIS 500 Dr. Brain Kraus July 15, 2012 Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. A promising new technology with the purpose of analyzing and predict crime tends before it occur. COMPSTAT is allowing police agencies to adopt innovative technologies and problem-solving techniques while empowering traditional police organizational structures. Some participants questioned whether predictive policing was, in fact, a new model. Many police department argued that good crime analysts have been practicing predictive policing for more than 40 years. (Pearsall, B. 2010 May) SINCE THE EARLY 1990s, New York City has experienced the deepest and most prolonged crime drop in recorded history. In 1994, Police Commissioner William Bratton introduced a data-driven management model in the New York City Police Department called COMPSTAT. COMPSTAT, short for computer statistics, or comparative statistics, is a strategic management philosophy used by police to approach crime reduction. COMPSTAT was created by the New York City Police Department to better deal with crime at the precinct level, based on what types and frequencies of crimes were actually happening on a regular basis. It is not a computer system or software package, but rather an organizational management...
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...Predictive Policing Predictive Policing The idea of Predictive Policing suggests that prevention of a crime rather than solving it. Information Technology can play a vital role in shaping the future of Law Enforcements. Businesses have already applied data analysis and predicting industry trends. For example, Wal-Mart noticed that three items: duct tape, bottled water and strawberry pop-tarts are high in demand after a major weather event. So, it stocked sufficiently these items, before a major weather crisis and turned Information into knowledge and eventually monetized it for more profit. (Pearsall, 2010) Similarly, Law Enforcements can apply data analysis tool and attempt to predict future events or habits. Predictive policing forecasts future crimes by taking raw data and analyzing with mathematical algorithm, to prevent and respond more effectively and efficiently. Use of Information System makes the police officers to be able to know where a crime may potentiality happen, and their presence ahead of time to help prevent it. Whereas random patrolling has the potential of missing the crimes area and that give criminals more opportunity to commit their criminal act. Using technology, police helps them to arrive at the crime scene as early as possible; this helps the offices to trace the criminals and apprehend them. Predictive policing is focused on becoming more proactive. “The predictive vision moves law enforcement from focusing on what happened to focusing...
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...Predictive Policing | : CIS 500 Information System Decision-Making There are several advantages to the new strategy known as Predictive policing which is multi-disciplinary, law enforcement-based strategy that brings together advanced technologies, criminological theory, predictive analysis, and tactical operations that ultimately lead to results and outcomes -- crime reduction, management efficiency, and safer communities. It is also a tool to increase odds of stopping crime, a technology for any jurisdiction of any size, a training tool to bring newer police up to speed more quickly, information available immediately where and when it is needed. There are advantages and disadvantages to the predictive policing system. Some advantages are: safer cities, less street patrolling to prevent crimes, actually preventing crimes before they occur and have a negative effect on the potential victim in any way. There are some disadvantages to predictive policing: Predictive policing will only target neighborhoods and areas that have high crimes rates. It may cause neighborhoods where crime doesn’t usually occur to go unnoticed or have higher response time. The predictive policing is a great technical system to utilize to maintain safer cities, reduced crime, and productive police force. The police department will have to seek IT administrators to maintain the database for high crime locations. Most repeated crimes occur in the same areas or locations. This will require reduced...
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