...rate of sexual maturation that follows them throughout life; there are physical and mental effects. These changes in an adolescent reflect changing mental states as a result of physical changes. There are more sexual desires, feelings of increased intimacy and a different understanding of their physical body. There are many correlations between the changes of the mind and body, I will also describe theories of you they effect one another. Adolescent Sexual Maturation Adolescence is a challenging period for both children and their parents. Three stages of adolescence - early, middle, and late, are experienced by most teens, but the age at which each stage is reached varies greatly from child to child. These different rates of maturation are connected to physical development and hormone balance, neither of which the child can control. For this reason, adolescents should be treated as individuals and any guidelines should be adapted to the particular child. The biological changes we associate with adolescence actually unfold over a long period of time, beginning with the maturation of the adrenal axis during childhood and ending with the maturation of the gonadal axis in the early 20s (Steinberg, 2011). Piagets Theory and Adolescent Maturity At 15 years of age a teenager is well prepared to understand the risks. According to Jean Piaget and his Theory of Cognitive Development a child between 7-11 years of age has the cognitive ability to consider problems with multiple dimensions...
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...Kabaji English C100 Sex Education “Sex education is a process of life – nutrition, respiration, excretion, sensitivity, movement, growth and reproduction. As parents we teach, guide and nurture our children through childhood and adolescence towards adulthood, providing them with the skills and knowledge to make safe choices on the food they eat, the sports they participate in and safe personal hygiene. Sex education is not about giving people the facts; it is also about teaching skills to enable young people to use that information effectively and to moderate behaviors according to the information and knowledge at hand.” Every parent knows that there are lots of responsibilities when it comes to nurturing and discipline. Since sex education is a sensitive topic, a lot of controversy emerged concerning the right age for teenagers to explore sex education and the appropriate approach for the adolescence to understand the purpose of the topic. The increase of teen pregnancy and sexual transmitted disease among adolescence brought attention to the society. To prevent or to reduce the incident, the government recommended adding sex education to the curriculum. By providing the right information to teens will prevent or reduce the number of teen pregnancy and other health issues they might face. However, despite of the good intention, their are other parents or organization disagree with sex education because of their religious beliefs or culture indifference, other parents are scared...
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...Reducing Teenage Pregnancies and STDs through Education An Investigation into the increasing number of teenage pregnancies and STDs in the United States Christene M. Staley Western Governor’s University WGU Student ID# 000259544 Why do we need sexual education? In recent years there has been a large debate on how to reduce the number of teenage pregnancies and STDs in the United States. Although many agree that some form of sexual education is needed there are many opinions on what should be taught in schools and at what age. One approach is teaching abstinence only programs compared with teaching young adolescence about sex and contraceptives use and the risks associated with being sexually active. We compare the United States that currently has both the highest teenage pregnancies and STDs among young adolescence compared to other industrialized countries. This examination will show what methods of sexual education has been proven to work and why. Additionally we will examine why other countries have greatly reduced teenage pregnancies and what they are doing that has been effective. There is a significant impact on society and its costing our nation as well as the children of the teenager mothers. (Manlove et al., 2002). The first thing we need to look at is educating teenagers in order to reduce teen pregnancies and STDs. Second we will look at the need to being the discussion of sex at home and educate our children starting as the...
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...Running head: Smoking in pregnancy and offspring drug use Abstract This study was examined on how being exposed to cigarette smoking while pregnant is associated to drug use in adolescents. The researchers also examine if externalizing behavior mediates this relationship, while controlling for a number of potential covariates of this mediation process. Keyword’s addiction , adolescence Running head: Smoking in pregnancy and offspring drug use Maternal cigarette smoking predicts drug use in adolescents. Prenatal exposure to maternal smoking seems to link with adolescents experimenting with drugs, both directly and indirectly due to their behavior and the amount of adolescents that were reported to be using drugs. It is a known fact that over a billion people are negatively affected by the addiction to tobacco. The effects are evident in the first hand smokers and PEMCS as supported by the studies. Does cigarette smoking during pregnancy predicts drug use in adolescents? Yes because nicotine can affect the offspring brain, research has shown that along with the modification of the infant brain due to early exposure to nicotine, that makes them susceptible to addictive behavioral patterns, they are other contributing factors that lead to drug usage, such as living in a home that were disrupted by divorce and mental illness, and those who grew up in homes where drugs and alcohol were at play they are more likely to become abusers when they grow...
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...The high social and economic costs of teen pregnancy and childbearing can have short- and long-term negative consequences for teen parents, their children, and their community. Through recent research, it has been recognized that pregnancy and childbirth have a significant impact on educational outcomes of teen parents. By age 22, only around 50 percent of teen mothers have received a high school diploma and only 30 percent have earned a General Education Development (GED) certificate, whereas 90 percent of women who did not give birth during adolescence receive a high school diploma.1 Only about 10 percent of teen mothers complete a two- or four-year college program.2 Teen fathers have a 25 to 30 percent lower probability of graduating from high school than teenage boys who are not fathers.3 Children who are born to teen mothers also experience a wide range of problems. For example, they are more likely to: have a higher risk for low birth weight and infant mortality; have lower levels of emotional support and cognitive stimulation; have fewer skills and be less prepared to learn when they enter kindergarten; have behavioral problems and chronic medical conditions; rely more heavily on publicly funded health care; have higher rates of foster care placement; be incarcerated at some time during adolescence; have lower school achievement and drop out of high school; give birth as a teen; and be unemployed or underemployed as a young adult.4 These immediate and long-lasting effects...
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...Chapter 11 - Sexuality Multiple Choice 1. The text lists all of the following as reasons why sexuality in adolescence is a particularly important period during the life cycle, except: A. adolescence is the time when erotic feelings first emerge. B. puberty brings on physical changes that allow for sexual reproduction. C. cognitive changes in adolescence have a major impact on sexuality. D. it is not until adolescence that sexual activity begins to take on the social meaning it will continue to have throughout adulthood. Answer: A 2. Sex play that is innocuous during childhood is no longer innocuous during adolescence because: A. children report erotic feelings before puberty. B. the hormonal changes of puberty result in an increased sex drive in adolescence. C. children are not capable of kissing, petting, masturbating, or sexual intercourse before puberty. D. with puberty, pregnancy becomes a serious possibility. Answer: D 3. Which of the following is not considered an aspect of positive sexual development that adolescents face? A. becoming comfortable with one’s maturing body B. reconciling feelings of sexual arousal with one’s religious beliefs C. feeling comfortable in choosing to engage or not to engage in sexual activity D. understanding and practicing safe sex Answer: B 4. “Sexual socialization” refers to: A. a person’s sexual orientation. B. a person’s social skills in sexual relationships. C. the way in which an individual is educated...
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...Adolescence Sex Sex was a taboo subject in Malaysian family. The ideal culture of Malaysian especially the Malays is to have their young girls to practice abstinence and to abstain themselves from sex until marriage. Promiscuity and prostitution is often described as mores to the culture. However, globalization has made the society exposed to the outside world and the world is facing the unavoidable global increment in adolescence sex. The subject ‘sex’ itself has become an anomie amongst the youngsters. The highly sexualized world and the physical and psychological changes the adolescents are going through make up the push and pull factors luring the adolescents into sex. The rate at which teenagers are engaging themselves in sexual relationships is increasing at an alarming rate. Whether as an act of rebellion against social and religious norms or even their parents; discovery and exploring of one’s body and sexuality; seeking pleasure for comfort; sexual crimes; sexual activity among young men and women in Malaysia is a fact and part of today’s real culture. The Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health 2003 reported by the National Population and Family Development Board (LPPKN) indicate that 27 percent of adolescents (boys and girl) engaging with the premarital sex. Young men have been found to actively looking for sex workers for their first sex experience and individual as early as nine years old. Most promiscuity and prostitution involved adolescence from 15 to 17...
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...What are some problems associated with Teen Pregnancy? One of the most common features of adolescence -- the period of development between the ages of 10 and 19 years -- is engagement in sexual activity. In some cases this may start even in the earlier part of this age range. The proportion of adolescents in the population is increasing in developing countries, and so is the extent of their involvement in sexual activity. In some cases a young person's sexual activity may not be recognized by the family until a pregnancy occurs. Pregnancy in adolescence is associated with premature birth, low birth weight, prenatal mortality, increased infant mortality and maltreatment of children. The health-related disadvantages of adolescents who become parents heavily outweigh any advantages there may be. Unmarried mothers may feel stigmatized by becoming pregnant at such a young age. Later, the poorly educated and unemployed single mother is likely to feel a sense of guilt and loss. In reality, having a baby when you're in high school is much more than tough. It requires hard work and sacrifices that most girls can't even imagine-and it is definitely not glamorous. Getting pregnant at such a young age is sometimes heartbreaking and scary to young girls. They have to give up a lot of thing that they never thought they had to leave behind. They have to make so many sacrifices and work twice as harder. Most of the time teen moms end up being single moms. Very few times the...
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...Teen Pregnancy Teens that are pregnant face unique problems. One, being a teen and being pregnant hold it’s on risk. In addition, teens who are mothers at an early age often have the fact that he or she is a parent interfere with his or her education, there are also problems involving social opportunities and employment options. Special problems that pregnant teenagers encounter are the financing of the pregnancy, the right to abort the fetus while being a minor, and the option to give the child up for adoption. These problems are unique to this population because many adults do not encounter these issues. Minors usually need the consent of at least one parent or other authorized adult to receive medical treatment but minors in certain situations can consent to some types of reproductive health and pregnancy related treatment on their own behalf. If a minor is getting treatment with the help of insurance, then the parent of the minor is involved and is aware of the services received. If the minor is concerned about involving his or her parents, other resources for payment are sought. Clinics such as Planned Parenthood provide assistance in family planning, abortion, and pregnancy services. The Adolescent Family Life Program is a free program available in California. All pregnant and parenting teens are eligible regardless of income. In addition, case management is provided to minor parents to help them access services which include medical services, child care, nutritional...
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...Teenage pregnancy Teenage pregnancies are pregnancies below the age of 20. A teenager is a person aged from puberty to maturity. Adolescence — a Latin word meaning “to grow up” — is a transitional stage of physical and psychological human development that generally occurs during the period of puberty to legal adulthood. The period is closely associated with teen years. Adolescent pregnancy is a major contributor to both infant and maternal health problems and mortality. Adolescence aged less than 16 years faces four times the risk of maternal death than women in their 20s; while the death rate of their neonates is about 50 per cent higher. Adolescent pregnancy requires special physical and psychological attention during pregnancy, childbirth and the post-natal period for preserving their health and that of their baby. An estimated 16 million girls ages 15 to 19 give birth every year, with 95 per cent of these births occurring in developing countries. This makes up 11 per cent of all births worldwide. Globally, two per cent of adolescent births take place in China, 18 per cent in Latin America, while 50 per cent of all adolescent births occur in seven countries of the world, viz: Bangladesh, Brazil, DR of Congo, India, Nigeria and USA. The Netherlands is one of European countries with lowest adolescent pregnancy rate, with a mere four adolescent births per 1,000 women. Perhaps this is because sex educations in The Netherlands begins from primary school. Culture, tradition...
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...The high social and economic costs of teen pregnancy and childbearing can have short- and long-term negative consequences for teen parents, their children, and their community. Through recent research, it has been recognized that pregnancy and childbirth have a significant impact on educational outcomes of teen parents. By age 22, only around 50 percent of teen mothers have received a high school diploma and only 30 percent have earned a General Education Development (GED) certificate, whereas 90 percent of women who did not give birth during adolescence receive a high school diploma.1 Only about 10 percent of teen mothers complete a two- or four-year college program.2 Teen fathers have a 25 to 30 percent lower probability of graduating from high school than teenage boys who are not fathers.3 Children who are born to teen mothers also experience a wide range of problems. For example, they are more likely to: have a higher risk for low birth weight and infant mortality; have lower levels of emotional support and cognitive stimulation; have fewer skills and be less prepared to learn when they enter kindergarten; have behavioral problems and chronic medical conditions; rely more heavily on publicly funded health care; have higher rates of foster care placement; be incarcerated at some time during adolescence; have lower school achievement and drop out of high school; give birth as a teen; and be unemployed or underemployed as a young adult.4 These immediate and...
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...Teens and Pregnancy Before we venture into the controversial aspects of teen pregnancy, I think that it is important to answer a vital question. This question addresses how teen pregnancy has evolved and how times have changed to bring upon such a serious issue. To begin answering this question we must take a look back in time to the roles of women and men in our society. Teen pregnancy is not just a rare virus that has recently sprung up and will someday disappear due to some type of cure. Adolescent pregnancy has plagued our country for many centuries, but it is only more recently that we have noticed its growth and severe impact on many aspects of society. The social change that leads to this visibility is not only based on a change in sexual behaviors, but it also is based on a change in the nature of adolescence. These changes begin with the decline of the average age of menarche. The social changes that affect this deal with the raising of the average age of marriage, standard attitudes towards marriage as a sacred institution, and economic shifts which have led to a need for longer educational careers. These changes have produced pockets of urban poverty where education is often not valued or taken seriously. Unfortunately, the need for higher education is reflected in the fact that only at levels after high school has enrollment increased in recent years, and only in the late teens are whites more likely than blacks to enroll in an educational institution. Due to...
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...The human lifespan, life factors and events. P1 describe physical, intellectual emotional and social development for each of life stages of an individual. Aretha Louise Franklin biography: Aretha was born march 25 1942 in Memphis, she was a fourth of five children of a Baptist preacher and gospel singer. Franklin parent separated when she was six and four year later her mother died to a heart attack. Aretha musical gift start at the early age, at the age of 14 years old she record some of her first track at the church, she also performed in front of her father congregation church. Life on the road exposed franklin to adult behaviours and at the age of 15 she became a mother, her second child followed two years later. Few years later Aretha returned to performing in 1979 the same year, her father was hospitalized after a burglary attempt in his home left him in a coma as her popularity waned and her father's health declined. 1985, Aretha released a smash-hit album the record became Aretha's biggest-selling album yet. Her follow-up album, 1986 also went gold the next year, Franklin became the first woman ever been awarded with an honour in the music industries. The same year, the University of Detroit credited her with an honorary doctorate. In 1993, she was invited to sing at the inauguration of bill Clinton, and in 1994 Franklin was given a lifetime achievement award. Over the next few years, she became the subject of multiple documentaries and tributes. She was tapped to...
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...Related Literature and Studies This chapter presents the related literature and studies about the factors affecting teenage pregnancy. Implications of these related articles and topics were used in the conduct of this study that aimed to describe the theoretical basis of the study being undertaken. A. PERSONAL FACTORS Positive family interaction According to Perez (2010) even though family relationships are important, family communication is especially important because it gives the foundation in a teenager’s life and relationships. Without the strong communication dialogue between family members, teenagers are more likely to make unhealthy choices with their life and relationships. In general, people find it difficult to communicate and understand what is happening in the world around them. Not having communication dialogue between family members is disruptive to the family’s environment and structure. It is especially destructive to an individual’s life because without communication, the individual is left with no support and clarity of his/ her social surroundings. The field of communication offers knowledge and understanding between family members and individuals. Family communication is the foundation that strengthens family interaction. Lack of communication affects behaviors and attitudes. Young people who reported feeling a lack of parental warmth, love, or caring were also more likely to report emotional distress, lower self-esteem, school problems...
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...Adolescence R.seate PSYC 285 Adolescence The developmental stages cognitive, social, physical, and personality can all be recognized in a T.V series, The Secret Life of the American Teenager. This series includes teenagers, life lessons, drama and confusion. The main characters are Amy, Ricky, Ben, Grace, and Adrian. Amy is a 14 year old virgin teenager and Ricky is 16, and he sleeps around with a lot of high girls. Throughout the series these teenagers are faced with temptations of having sex, drama of love triangles, and teen pregnancy. Ricky is a foster kid and comes from a dysfunctional family. He was physically and sexually abused by his father and his mother was a drug user. Amy’s family background is a bit more stable than Ricky’s. Amy has a dad, mom, and sister and they all live together. Amy has two best friends, which she has had since the third grade. Peer groups are an adolescent’s life line. Friends give advice and listen more than parents during the adolescence period. Parents are more judgmental and teenagers don’t always listen to their advice. “In parallel with this physical development, young people are faced with increasing demands from their parents, teachers, and social environment. The experience of sexuality in its physiological, cultural, and personal dimensions is a further essential element of this phase of life” (Herpertz-Dahlmann, 2013) The most obvious stage of development would be the physical stage throughout the show. The T.V series...
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