...Introduction: My paper topic is money involved in soccer. I want to make everyone realize how big soccer is. How much money it moves and the most interesting is why the club pays that much money for a player. It involves hundreds of years of history and honor on a soccer pitch. I want to explain the basics of soccer, the different competitions and where it is play. Every summer are transferring players to other teams for a crazy amount of money. Why is this team paying that much money? I would like to explain why the club is paying, what he will make with that player and how much revenue the club will make. All this apart for the trophies, victories, new idols and icon on the city. 2. FIFA ( Federation International Football Association) FIFA was founded on May twenty first on 1904, in Paris with the purpose of have an organization of the world biggest sport, football (soccer). One of the biggest purposes is to expand the sport and to increase the popularity on an international environment. The FIFA headquarters are established in Zurich, Switzerland. The player with most appearances is one of my favorite players, he plays for my team Real Madrid and he is from Spain, hi name is Iker Casillas. “51: Appearances as Spain captain was the new record set by Iker Casillas.” In the World are 5 continents so pretty much one of these have their own Conference except in America where there is two conferences. The most important conference , where all the...
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...CASE STUDY I.2 Manchester United: still trying to establish a global brand Manchester United (abbreviated as ManUtd, www.manutd.com) has developed into one of the most famous and financially successful football clubs in the world, being recognized in virtually every country, even those with little interest in the sport. Real Madrid has displaced ManUtd from the pole position in Deloitte’s football money league. The list, which has been running for the last 9 years, identifies the top 20 clubs in terms of revenue. The top five in 2008 were: Real Madrid with 3365.8 million, Manchester United (3324.8 million), FC Barcelona (3308.8 million), Bayern Munich (3295.3 million) and Chelsea (3268.9 million) (Deloitte, 2009). Having won the Premier League and Champions League in 2007/08, United would have overtaken Real Madrid at the top of the Deloitte Football Money League had it not been for the depreciation of the pound. The top 20 clubs now generate more than three times the combined revenue of the clubs in the first Money League publication in 1996/97. The most valuable US sport teams, the National Football League’s Washington Redskins and baseball’s New York Yankees, are both worth somewhat more but more than any US sports team, ManUtd has built a global brand. Since the mass commercialization of football in 1992, Manchester United has unquestionably been the team to beat. In the past 16 seasons, it has collected 10 Premier League titles, four FA Cups and two Champion League trophies...
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...demand: The case of the English football league Simmons, Rob and Forrest, David The Department of Economics Lancaster University Management School Lancaster LA1 4YX UK ©Simmons Rob and Forrest David All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission, provided that full acknowledgement is given. The LUMS Working Papers series can be accessed at http://www.lums.co.uk/publications/ LUMS home page: http://www.lums.lancs.ac.uk/ NEW ISSUES IN ATTENDANCE DEMAND: THE CASE OF THE ENGLISH FOOTBALL LEAGUE David Forrest* University of Salford Rob Simmons** Lancaster University November 2004 *School of Accounting, Economics and Management Science, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, e-mail: d.k.forrest@salford.ac.uk. Phone: 0044 (0)161 295 3674, Fax: 0044 (0)161 295 2130. **(Corresponding author) Department of Economics, The Management School, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YX, e-mail: r.simmons@lancaster.ac.uk. Phone 0044 (0)1524 594234, Fax 0044 (0)1524 594244. Acknowledgement We are grateful to two referees, Tunde Buraimo and participants at the Applied Econometrics Association, Football’s Econometrics Conference, in Patras, Greece, for helpful comments on an earlier draft. 1 ABSTRACT This paper uses an attendance demand model with panel data on over 4,000 games to examine economic problems of fixture congestion in English Football League schedules. We find that televised midweek Champions League matches involving...
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...National Study Introduction In this study I will research the development of different pathways in Table Tennis from first elite to representing your country. There are two pathways in order to progress as a performer; the school pathway or the club pathway. The first level is to be selected for your school team (1); the school team will play in their league and star tournaments. (2) the county cup and the national cup. (3) Playing for the school team makes the player more experienced as they will be playing other schools which allow them to see how good other players are and so if they need to improve. If you’re a top player in the school your coach will direct you too etta regional competitions if you do well then you will get more known and start getting promoted to the professional ranks. District leagues are also a way of which coaches direct you to so you can improve in order to compete in high ranked competitions. (4) (6) (9) The county (e.g. Middlesex tta) will select a team from the best players who play in their county club leagues. They will represent the league against other county leagues. (10) (5) Case study- Premier club: Our aim is to create a national network of clubs that work together to grow participation in table tennis, support existing players to create a community from which future Internationals will emerge. We encourage Table Tennis Clubs, Leagues and Centres to join the PremierClub Programme so that this can be achieved. Premier club is mainly...
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...Sports Labour Market with specific focus on the European Football Market, and use various economic models to justify the huge salaries currently offered to top athletes within this field. The wages of professional footballers have risen dramatically since the Bosman ruling in December 1995, in which EU football players were given the right to a free transfer at the end of their contracts, with the provision that they were transferring from a club within one EU Association to a club within another EU Association (European Commission, 2012).This has been supported by various studies, including (Simmons, 1997), who argued that the move towards a free agency had the consequent impact of increasing players’ salaries, as the forgone transfer fees translate into increased salaries, since the bargaining power is transferred to the player. This was reinforced by (Downward, 2000) who found that post-Bosman, the wages within the United Kingdom’s Premier League rose considerably. However, these findings conflict with other studies conducted, including (Szymanski, 1999), who argued that the new ruling only lead to increased wages for superstar players who have the greatest bargaining power, and that it did not affect the wages for the average player. During this essay I will first discuss the basic economic principles relating to the labour market, and subsequently introduce various models developed with specific focus on the sports labour market. Demand for labour is “derived demand” because...
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...Use these links to rapidly review the document TABLE OF CONTENTS Index to Consolidated financial statements Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 20-F (Mark One) o REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 OR ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended 30 June 2013 OR o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 OR o SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Commission File Number 001-35627 MANCHESTER UNITED plc (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) Not Applicable (Translation of Company's name into English) Cayman Islands (Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) Sir Matt Busby Way, Old Trafford, Manchester, England, M16 0RA (Address of principal executive offices) Edward Woodward Executive Vice Chairman Sir Matt Busby Way, Old Trafford, Manchester, England, M16 0RA Telephone No. 011 44 (0) 161 868 8000 E-mail: ir@manutd.co.uk (Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person) Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act. Title of each class Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0005 per share Name of each exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange Securities...
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...CASE STUDY I.2 Manchester United: still trying to establish a global brand Manchester United (abbreviated as ManUtd, www.manutd.com) has developed into one of the most famous and financially successful football clubs in the world, being recognized in virtually every country, even those with little interest in the sport. Real Madrid has displaced ManUtd from the pole position in Deloitte’s football money league. The list, which has been running for the last 9 years, identifies the top 20 clubs in terms of revenue. The top five in 2008 were: Real Madrid with 3365.8 million, Manchester United (3324.8 million), FC Barcelona (3308.8 million), Bayern Munich (3295.3 million) and Chelsea (3268.9 million) (Deloitte, 2009). Having won the Premier League and Champions League in 2007/08, United would have overtaken Real Madrid at the top of the Deloitte Football Money League had it not been for the depreciation of the pound. The top 20 clubs now generate more than three times the combined revenue of the clubs in the first Money League publication in 1996/97. The most valuable US sport teams, the National Football League’s Washington Redskins and baseball’s New York Yankees, are both worth somewhat more but more than any US sports team, ManUtd has built a global brand. Since the mass commercialization of football in 1992, Manchester United has unquestionably been the team to beat. In the past 16 seasons, it has collected 10 Premier League titles, four FA Cups and two Champion League trophies...
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...discipline European Studies: The effects of the Bosman-case on the professional football leagues with special regard to the top-five leagues Bachelor Thesis Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ramses A. Wessel Co-Reader: Dr. Tsjalle van der Burg Word count (Text only): 25686 Daniel Schmidt Helbecker Weg 30 58769 Nachrodt Germany daniel18schmidt@web.de Student number: s0146773 12.07.2007 1 Table of Contents: I List of Abbreviations…………………………………….………………….………………6 1.Introduction………...…………………………………………..…………….…..…………7 2. EU Sport politics and Sport Law……………………………………………...…...……9 2.1 Council of Ministers and Sport …………………………………….…,……10 2.2 The ECJ…………………………………………………………………....…….11 2.3 Walrave and Koch………………………………………………………….…..11 2.4 The Dona Case…………………………………………………..…………..….12 2.5 The legal situation for sport before the Bosman case……………..…...13 3.The Bosman Case………………………………………………………………….……..14 3.1 Transfer rules before Bosman…………………………………………….... 14 3.2 Jean-Marc Bosman………………………………………...………….……….15 3.3 The basic of the judgement ………...………………………………….…….16 3.4 Reactions of officials……………..………………………………….………..19 2 3.5 Ideas and outlooks of scholars for the future after the judgement…...20 3.6 Immediate results of the Bosman case……………..…………………...…21 4. Cases after Bosman…………………….…………………………………...…….…….22 4.1 The Lehtonen Case…………………………….……………………….……...23 4.2 Kolpak Case…………………………………………………………….……….24 4.3 Simutenkov Case…………………………………………………...
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...Making money out of football Stefan Szymanski[1] Stephen Hall The Business School, Imperial College London April 2003 Abstract: In the US most economists have argued that professional sports teams are profit maximising businesses, but it is a widely held view in Europe that professional football clubs are not run on a profit maximising basis. This belief has important implications for the impact of policy measures such as income redistribution that are widely advocated. This paper looks at the performance of sixteen English football clubs that acquired a stock exchange listing in the mid 1990s. If the European story is true, we should have observed a shift toward profit maximising behaviour at these clubs. This paper finds no evidence of any shift in this direction. This result is consistent with the view that football clubs in England have been much more oriented toward profit objectives than is normally allowed. Keywords: economics of sport, objective functions JEL classification number: L21, L83 We thank to Dirk Nitzsche for assistance with data collection. We thank Peter Sloane and seminar participants at the CARR Outreach workshop on business history for helpful comments. “Those clubs which have floated to become public companies – Manchester United, Newcastle United, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Tottenham- now have as their principal objective the making of money for their shareholders.” -David Conn...
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...REFERENCES ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- 1. INTRODUCTION: Manchester United Football Club is an English professional football club, based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, that plays in the Premier League. Founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, the club changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to Trafford in 1910. The 1958 Munich air disaster claimed the lives of eight players. In 1968, under the management of Matt Busby, Manchester United was the first English football club to win the European Cup. The current manager, Sir Alex, has won 24 major honors since he took over in November 1986. Manchester United has won many trophies in English football, including a record 19 league titles, a record 11 FA Cups, four League Cups and a record 19 FA Community Shields. The club has also won three European Cups, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one Intercontinental and one FIFA Club World Cup. In 1998–99, the club won a Treble of the Premier League, the FA Cup and the UEFA Champions League, an unprecedented feat for an English club. Manchester United is one of the wealthiest and most widely supported football teams in the world. As of April 2012, the club is number one in Forbes magazine's annual ranking of...
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...Sport MarHeting Quarterly, 2006, 15, 114-123, © 2006 West Virginia University Coca-Cola vs. PepsiCo — A "Super'' Battleground for the Cola Wars? Steve M. McKelvey Overview of the Soft Drink Industry Coca-Cola: The Defending Champion Since its inception in the late 1800s, Coca-Cola has experienced meteoric growth, progressing from nine glasses per day to nearly 4.5 billion cases on an annual basis ("Top 10," 2004). Today, Coca-Cola offers nearly 400 brands in over 200 countries and controls the highest market share (44%) in the soft drink market ("Top 10," 2004). In addition to its leading global market-share, Coca-Cola also retains the title of having the most popular individual beverage in the world in Coca-Cola Classic, with an 18.6% market share ("Top 10," 2004). Additionally, in 2003 it placed four beverages in the top 10 for individual product sales: Coke Classic (#1), Diet Coke (3), Sprite (5), and Caffeine Free Diet Coke (8) ("Top 10," 2004). Through Research & Development (R&D) and acquisitions, Coca-Cola has also expanded its product line to include non-carbonated beverage products, including: Dasani, Fanta, Fruitopia, Hi-C, Minute Maid, and Mr. Pibb. In 2003, Coca-Cola spent approximately $1.9 billion on marketing and advertising. In November 2004, Coca-Cola CEO Neville Isdell stated that "[Marketing expenditures] would rise by $350-$400 million a year ... forever" (Marketplace Roundup, 2004). Pepsi-Cola: The Challenger With the exception of brief bankruptcy...
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...ahigher Manchester united is believed to have a higher corporate social responsibility than most of football clubs. It is the most successful football clubs in the UK. Its goal is to build corporate communities by motivating, educating and inspiring the future genrations. Compared to gilligham fc, in the last 5years , it has established cohesion projects that target young people.it uses the appeal of football to offer young people a safe environment and help them develop their potentials in football. According to (United, 2013), Manchester football club aims to reduce crime cases by providing op[opportunities for youth involvement, encouraging personal development through volunteer works, promote active participation in other sporting activities as well as football and educate young people about making the right lifestyle choices. It started its community cohesion with a project developed by the premiere league and metropolitan police. Since then it has developed short and long term projects that suit the needs of communities. There is identification of participants as young as 8 to 19years old who have very little home stability, are unemployed or are surrounded by poverty. The project operates We currently operate 6 separate cohesion projects that cover 13 sessions of a 2-3 hour duration for 48 weeks of the year. The sessions operate in the evenings and weekends when other services are not available and when the need for diversionary activities is at its highest. Sessions are...
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...Professor Campbell Shawn Ryan English 101 4/30/15 Concussions; Worse Than They Appear There is no better past time in the United States of America than American football. American football has been the favorite sport in America for the past decades. However, there have been studies which prove that football is incredibly dangerous to the players health. Studies have shown that football has caused concussions to players, damaged players permanently, and the higher chance of a shorter life. From thorough amounts of research; it’s proven that football causes concussions. Concussions occur when “the brain repeatedly collides with the skull, most often due to a blow to the head. Violent shaking of the head and upper body also can cause concussions”(Concussion Management in Football: Don't Shake It Off). Contrary to popular belief, concussions won’t always make the individual go unconscious for a period of time. Yes, that is true, but not all the time. Chris Miller, a retired quarterback, experienced the effects of a concussions when “he was knocked out of bounds and flew headfirst into equipment storage bins on the sideline. He got up and walked back to the huddle. The wrong huddle. Miller was confused, an effect of the concussion” (Concussion Management in Football: Don't Shake It Off). Although Miller didn’t lose consciousness, he still experienced a devastating concussion. After Miller got his first concussion all the rest concussions have been...
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...Many revere the student athlete. Almost like a celebrity, their many fans cheer them on in a role that many have trained for most of their life. However, outside of a scholarship, which provides the necessities of a college education, such room, board, tuition, and books. The college athlete cannot receive any other compensation. Although a free education is a wonderful gift, whether it is from an Ivy League university or a small community junior college, one must question if it is truly compensatory enough for work the student does and even more importantly for the revenue, said student brings in. College athletes should receive compensation not only because of the large amount of revenue student athletes generate for the university but also for the familiarity and marketability, they bring to the universities brand. The main concept behind college athletes not receiving any money is an effort to keep the amateurism definitive. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has a set of regulations, which define what exactly an amateur athlete is. In fact, every student who plans to compete in NCAA related activities must register to receive certification ensuring the student is indeed an amateur. The website states that 180,000 student athletes apply for said certification and more than 90% instantly receive their certification (NCAA, 2012). One would think with such stringent guidelines that students would receive more than just a scholarship. Whereas, many think that...
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...CONTENTS |Introduction |2 | |Main part |3 | |The British. The main features of the British character. |3 | |History of british sport |5 | |Sports invented in Great Britain |6 | |Framework of sport in Britain. |10 | |Modern Sport in Great Britain: Structure, Administration, Funding, Popularity, Sport media and Diseases. |13 | |Elite level sport |15 | |6.1. Elite level team sports |15 | |6.2. Elite level individual sports |22...
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